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33d ComuBSS, > HOUSE OF EEPEESENTATIYES. ( Ex Doc
1st Session, ( ] -.^ * -Z^^'
- ^ _^^ / iNo. 121.
THE
U. S. MVAL ASTKONOMICAL EXPEDITION
THE SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE,
THE TEARS 1849-'50-'51-'52.
Lieut. AacHiBALD MacRae,
Master S. Led yard Phelps, [ Assistants,
Captain's Clerk E. R. SxMith,
VOLUME III.
OBSERYATIOIS TO DETEUmE THE 80LAE PAEALLAX.
BY LIEUT. J. M. GILLISS, LL.D.
SUPERINTENDENT,
WASHINGTON:
A. O. P. NICHOLSON, PRINTER.
MDCCCLVL
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In the House of EepeesentatiVes, July 13, 1854.
July 13, ISS^.^-Laid upon the table, and ordered to be printed.
July 25, 1854. -Offeree?, That 6, 000 copies of the Keport and 2, 000 copies of the Observations be printed ; 500 copies of
elch for the use of the Secretary of the Navy, and 250 copies of each for the Superintendent of the Expedition.
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CONTENTS.
ORIGIN AND OPERATIONS OF THE EXPEDITION i-xlii
Dr. C. L. Gerling suggests a new mode for determining the solar parallax iii-iv
An expedition to the southern hemisphere proposed iv
A brief account of the climate of Chile - v-vni
The instruments necessary for the observations viii-ix
Opinions of American astronomers x-xi
Results which may possibly be obtained xi-xiv
Resolutions of the American Philosophical Society and Academy of Arts and Sciences - - - . - xiv-xv
Report of the Naval Committee of the House of Representatives in favor of sending out an expedition - - xv-xvii
Appropriation of funds by Congress xviu
Proposed plan of operations xviii-xxii
Approbation of the programme by the Societies and Department xxii-xxiii
The Meridian circle ordered from Messrs. Pistor & Martins - - xxiii
Defective condition of the instruments supposed available i . . - xxiv
The Smithsonian Institution authorizes the purchase of a 6J-inch Equatorial, to be loaned to the expedition - xxiv
Telescope made by Wm. J. Young and Henry Fitz satisfactorily tried xxv
Congress appropriates money to pay for the telescope, &c. - xxvi
Interest manifested in the expedition and valuable services rendered by scientific men in England - - - xxvi
Officers ordered as assistants, and preparation of the ephemerides .-----.- xxvi-xxvii
Circular to the friends of astronomical science --. xxvii-xxix
Sailing of the assistants with the equipment xxix
Instructions from the Secretary of the Navy xxix
Instructions from the same to Lieutenant Maury, Superintendent Naval Observatory xxx
Departure from the United States and arrival in Chile xxx
Favorable reception by the government at Santiago de Chile xxxi
Reasons for selecting Santiago for the observations xxxi
The site chosen for the observations xxxii
Arrival of the assistants and equipment xxxii
Erection of the observatories on Santa Lucia xxxii
The instruments mounted and work commenced xxxiii
The government desires to have some of its young men instructed in practical astronomy - . - - xxxiii
Interest and curiosity of the public xxxiii
Progress of the observations of the planets Mars and Venus - - - - - - xxxiv-xxxv
Extraordinarily favorable condition of the atmosphere xxxiv
Visit to the northern provinces of Chile - xxxv
Zone observations and star magnitudes ------ - - - - xxxvi
Variations in the brilliancy of n Argus xxxvi-xxxvii
Visit to Talca and the river Maule xxxvii
Establishment of the Observatorio Nacional xxxviii
Observations during our last year in Chile xxxviii-xxxix
Two occultations of /? Geminorum on the same evening xxxix
Meridional distance between Santiago and Valparaiso xxxix
Magnetical. and meteorological observations xxxix-xl
Transfer the observatory and take leave of the government xl
Lieut MacRae is instructed to proceed across the Andes and Argentine provinces for special observations - xl-xli
Return of the expedition to the United States - - xlii
OBSER\^ATIONS OF THE PLANETS MARS AND VENUS.
INTRODUCTION—
Description of the observatory xlv
Description of the Equatorial - - xlvi
Observations to determine the position of the instrument xlvii
Instrumental deviations - - xlviii
Value of a revolution of the micrometer screw xlviii
Diameter of the micrometer wire xlviii
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(iv)
CONTENTS.
Latitude of the obseryatory = -- = -..„ -„ »„. xlix-1
Longitude of the observatory -».-*-„„ „-„_ l-li
Mode of observing in differential measures --».„„„. ». „ = li_lii
Expl'J'Ination of the printed equatorial observations - . . * - ^ - ^ lii-liii
Equatorial intervals of the micrometer system --.---._,= „ lii
Description of the Meridian circle and its adjustments .-.„---»-.„, liii-liv
Explanation of the printed meridian circle observations »-----.-.= liv
Mean places of certain of the pre- selected stars ,_ . Iv-lvi
3Iode of deducing the horizontal and vertical diameters of Mars and Venus from the differential measures - - - - Ivi
Mean apparent errors of the Nautical Almanac diameter of Mars - - Ivii
Mean apparent error of the Nautical Almanac vertical diameter of Yenus - Ivii
Reference of the observations to Dr. B. A. Gould, jr -»-.- = ---.-- Ivii
THE SOLAR PARALLAX—
^ 1 . Lxtroductory and historical -.-^--». »---.- Ixi
§ 2. General statement of the problem - - - . , „.--.. Ixviii
$ 3. Method pursued -.-..-„- .. Ixxii
§ 4. Ephemerides and auxiliary tables -..-»-» Ixxvii
§ 5. Comparison-stars- ---»-----„----.. xcvii
$ 6. Observations ----.--.----„__.. cxliv
$ 7. Observations compared with ephemeris -- clxxxvi
§ 8. Solar parallax from correspondent observations .-- ccix
§ 9. Equations of condition ---..„ „__ ccxiii
§ 10. Weights and mean errors --..- ccxlvi
'§ 11. Fundamental equations » -- cclix .
§ 12. Preliminary solutions - ccxlix
^ J3. Final solutions cclxxv
§ 14. Diameters cclxxix
§ 15. Results . - - . cclxxxiv
Santiago observations —
Micrometrical observations of Mars and pre-selected stars near the opposition of 1849-'50 - - - 1-84
Micrometrical observations of Mars and pre-selected stars near the opposition of 1851-'52 - - - 85-213
Micrometrical observations of Venus and pre-selected stars near the inferior conjunction of 1850-'51 - 216-280
Micrometrical observations of Venus and pre-selected stars near the inferior conjunction of 1852 - - 281-305
Meridian circle observations of Mars and certain stars near the opposition of 1851-52 . . - . 309-318
Meridian circle observations of Venus and certain stars near the inferior conjunction of 1850-51 - - 319-326
Meridian circle observations of Venus and certain stars near the inferior conjunction of 1852 - - - 327-332
Deduced diameters of Mars, 1849-'50, compared Avith the Nautical Almanac 335-336
Deduced diameters of Mars, 1851-'52, compared with the Nautical Almanac 337-338
Deduced and measured diameters of Venus, 1850-'51, compared with the Nautical Almanac - - - 339-340
Deduced and measured diameters of Venus, 1852, compared with the Nautical Almanac - - - - 341
Washington observations —
Letter from Lieutenant M. F. Maury, LL.D., &c.. Superintendent - 345
Description of the equatorial, and explanation of the observations, by J. Ferguson, esq., ass't astronomer 345-347
Micrometrical observations of Mars and pre-selected stars near the opposition of 1849-50 - - - 351-378
Micrometrical observations of Mars and pre-selected stars near the opposition of 1851-'52 - - - 379-385
Micrometrical observations of Venus and pre-selected stars near the inferior conjunction of 1850-'51 - 389-405
Micrometrical observations of Venus and pre-selected stars near the inferior conjunction of 1852 - - 406-414
Cambridge (Mass.) observations—
Introductory remarks, by Professor Wm. C. Bond, director of the observatory 417
Eight-ascensions of Mars (by transits) near the opposition of 1849-50 418-447
Right-ascensions of Mars, by micrometer measurements, near the opposition of 1849-'50 . - - - 448-452
Declinations of Mars, by micrometer measurements, near the opposition of 1849-50 - . - - 453-460
Cape of Good Hope observations —
Editorial notice 463
Description of the Equatorial by Thos. Maclear, esq., her Majesty's astronomer at the Cape - - - 463-465
Value of a revolution of the micrometer-screw 466
Adjustments of the Equatorial 466
Particulars relating to the observations 467
Barometers 468-469
Rate and error of the clock 470
Micrometrical observations of Mars and pre-selected stars near the opposition of 1849-50 - - 471-492
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COMIGENDA, VOL. III.
Page xxxii, line 36, for ''dips to the east," read ''dips to the west."
Page 1, lines 4 and 5, transpose words ''sum " and ''producC
Page Ixii, table, line 15, for " facaltate" read "facilitate."
Page ixii, notes, line 2, after "Gassendi, Op. Omn. VI, 464," add "p. 455, Ed. 1658."
Page Ixiii, notes, line 4, /or "VII p. 115" read "VIII p. 115."
Page Ixiii, notes, lines 9,11, Through the kindness of Dr. Cogswell, of the Astor Xz5mry, I have obtained a copy of
Halley s Southern Catalogue, Ed. Paris, 1679. The needed references are for the parallax, page 80, and for the citation
irom Streete, page 82.
Page Ixiv, notes, line 8, /or "483" read "443."
Page Ixiv, notes, line 8, for " Ventensk" read " Vetenskaps."
Page Ixv, notes, line 3, /or "I, p. 89" read "I, p. 4."
Page Ixv, notes, line 6, for " 1768, p. 55" read " 1768, p. 355."
Page Ixv, notes, line 7, /or "I, p. 4" read "I, p. 100."
Pagelxvii, text, line 14, /or "2406J" read "24065."
Page Ixxiii, text, lines 3, 11, 13, /or " Jp and Jco" read " 62 and boy."
Page Ixxvi, text, lines 27, 28, /or " 0i " read " 0'. "
Page cxxiv, star No. 19, column 6, for " 3'^ 2 and 2", 70 " read " 0^'. 2 and 1". 20."
Page cxxvi, star No. 70, column a, for "8 19 26" read "8 19 29."
Page cxxxiv, star No. 43, column a, for "7 33 49" read " 7 33 50."
Page cxxxv, star No. 28, column J, /or "26 31 16.25" read "25 31 16\25."
Page cxliv, star No. 28, line 2, column date, insert "Nov. 26."
Page cclxviii, line 1,/or "All the terms containing n" read "All the terms containing u."
Page cclxx, line 15, insert " w" after "— 5.949."
Page cclxx, line 24, insert "z" after "+20. 674."
Page cclxxi, the second equation should read " y z=: 2". 8970," &c.
Page cclxxiv, in the first line of column 1 insert " «« " within the brackets.
Page cclxxx, the equation line 10 should read " t =i + q."
Page cclxxxv, line 6 from bottom, the first equation should read e = '»
s.
Page 310, No. 3, increase mean of wires and app. A. K. 0. 09.
Page 310, No. 4:, diminish " '< 0.20.
Page 310, No. 14, diminish " '' 0. 13.
Page 310, No. 36, increase " " 0.05.
Page 312, No. 30, f/mmM " <' 0. 26.
Page 314, No. 41, increase " <' 10.00.
Page 316, No. 4:, diminish " <« 0.05.
Page 317, No. 2, increase " <' 0.07.
Page 318, No. 21, mermse " <' 0.37.
Page 320, No. 6, increase " " 0.03.
Page 320, No. 19, increase " " 0.44,
Page 320, No. 35, diminish " '< 0. 06.
Page 321, No. 6, diminish " " 0.28.
Page 324, No. 36, diminish " <^ q 02.
Page 327, No. 31, diminish " '' 0. 20.
Page 331, No. 41, c^immsA " <' 10.00.
ap^re^to" ""' ""'"" *' """'' ""'' "' "'' '" '""^ "''" '' *^^ ""^^- ^ — P-^-8' animation correction was
All other errors detected in the printed observations have been detailed by Dr, Gould, pages cxlv-clxxxv.
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ADDITIONAL CORMGENDA, VOL. II.
Page 6, line 18, omit ''and clear."
Page 50, line IS, for ''Putano" read *'Puntano."
Page 55, line S,for ''eight" read "eighteen."
ADDITIONAL COERIGENDA, VOL. VI.
Introduction, page xiv—
For " A (A 4- V) z= 11. 318420" read "log tang i (A + V) = 11. 318420."
^^ u ^ ^A - Y) =: 10. 216726" read " log tang ^ (A - V) =:z 10. 216726," and dele " tang" in two places below.
Page XXIV, lines three, two, and one, from bottom, should read—
. 0000054 log. 4. 7330296 -^ =:= • 00005339 log 5. 7275037
16
^ 1 ftnnooTl 1 — = 1.00000706
^ zzz 0.99995367
Page XXV, line six, should read —
T.
'■ i'-^ - ^>^'°^ '■''''''' ^'"^ ('-^ - ^)"^°^ '■'''''''
and dele sign = on pages xxiv and xxv, between the numbers and their logs. , , „ ■■,.■,■ ^
Page xxvn, I have said of the inclinon>eter : " It is a modification, by Prof. Kreil and Dr. Lloyd, of the orcle devsed
bv aauss " I was led to this by the following language in a brief notice of these instruments published, page 4 of the
''Supplement to the Magnetical Instructions, Sfc, ly Capt. C. J. B. Riddell, R. A. London, 1846." "Anew dip-circle to be used
with reading microscopes, has been devised by M. Gauss, and constructed, with modifications, by M. Krei and Dr. Lloyd,
&c " It is stated on page xxvi of this volume that the magnetical and a portion of the meteorological instruments for the
expedition were made under the direction of Col. (now General) Sabine, to whose earnest interest and assistance we are
under the greatest obligations. This distinguished physicist informs me. Prof. Gauss never devised a dip-oircle and that
the only instrument used by him was made by Eobinson, with a 9-inch needle and single reading lens. The application of
verniers and microscopes, and the shortening of the needle permitted thereby, was a suggestion of Dr. Lloyd. Gauss never
saw and probably never heard of one of the latter instruments, nor did Prof. Kreil ever see one until the summer of the
year 1857, when a set of magnetic instruments, prepared at the request of the Austrian government, under the direction of
Gen. Sabine, was forwarded by the latter to Vienna.
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ORIGm AISTD OPERATIOITS
OF THE
tJ. S. MYIL ISTEOIOMICAL EXPEDITM.
BO
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OEIGm AND OPERATIONS
OF THE
U. S. NAYAL ASTKONOMICAL EXPEDITION.
During the summer of 1847 a letter reached me from Dr. 0. L. Gerling, a distinguished
mathematician of the Marburg University, in which he says: -Since the date of my last I
have been occupied with the volume of astronomical observations you had the kindness to send
me and It has occiirred to me that it might be acceptable to you to receive by letter, in advance
of Its publication, the contents of a brief treatise which I shall transmit to M. Schumacher in a
few days for publication m the ' Astronomiche Nachrichten.' Should you find my views correct
this will enable you to commence observations in America this year, which, I fear, could not
be the case if you awaited a printed copy of the paper. The subject is this : I am of opinion
that astronomers act unwisely in considering the solar parallax deduced from the transits of
r/\^f ^""^.^^^^ sufficiently correct, and do not avail themselves of more modern
methods of observation for the purpose of gradually acquiring more accurate knowledge of it
It is true, indeed, that the oppositions of Mars were long ago proposed for this purpose • but I
am not aware that any effective use has been made of them since 1751, although the Nautical
Almanac has regularly furnished an ephemeris. There is, however, a third method, which
presented itself to me some time ago, and I cannot comprehend why it should have been so
entirely neglected-I mean by observations of Venus during the period of its retrograde motion
and more especially when the planet is stationary. '
- The delicate and faint crescent form of Venus at the conjunctions offers excellent opportu-
nities for observation ; and from what I have been able to accomplish with my small instrument
I have every reason to believe that most excellent results are obtainable with meridian instru'
ments at observatories in opposite hemispheres, but lying nearly under the same meridian
Furthermore at that time Venus is almost twice as near to the earth as is Mars when in opnol
sition and observations upon it have the very important advantage that it is not absolutely
essential they should be simultaneous, or nearly simultaneous. Again, when the planet is
stationary the observations of one meridian may be readily referred to another by interpolation
witnout risk of error, and at this time it is much nearer to the earth than Mars can be in the
mostfayorable case. Finally, the distance of the planet from the sun being about 29° micro-
metrical, may be combined with meridional observations. In my opinion, then, it should be
our object to multiply meridian observations of Venus about the periods when it is stationary
and endeavor to obtain micrometrical measurements from all parts of the earth, more especially
from voyagers Let us suppose a traveller at a place. A, of the southern hemisphere, to observe
the planet in the evening at a time T referring it to a projected point of the heavens A, and
that It IS also observed on the meridian during adjacent days at an observatory B of the north
ern hemisphere : the meridian of the earth, in whose plane projected, Venus was found to be at
the time T, will be readily ascertained from its known right ascension, (corrected by the
observations at^) This terrestrial meridian will also be intersected by the parallel of he
observatory at 5 m a pomt C, where a simultaneous observation on the meridian has not
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iv ORIGIN AND OPERATIONS
indeed, been made, but the planet's place may be found for it by interpolation from tbe
observations at 5. By this interpolated observation, let Venus be placed at a point C of the
heavens ; then, the celestial arc A C is evidently the measure of the angle under which the
known places A and O appear to Venus, and from this angle the horizontal parallax of the
planet must be deducible — the more advantageously the nearer the terrestrial line approaches
to a diameter of the earth. I also imagine that it will be of great advantage if astronomers
will unite in making careful meridian observations and promoting micrometrical measurements
at the stationary periods to the greatest possible extent. For the latter class of observations,
however, it is not only necessary that the times should be previously considered, but also the
attending circumstances, and a list of comparing stars be especially selected. No doubt this
will soon be done, should astronomers be inclined to adopt my proposition ; but I send you
what I have found for 1847, premising that partial examination has also been made for 1849,
and that the local stationary point of the latter year offers much greater facilities to observation
than the present. * * * *
'' The preceding synopsis of my paper will, I hope, reach you in print after a while. Mean-
time, I beg you will examine the subject, and should you coincide in my views I trust you will
interest American astronomers as far as you can, for I flatter myself that observations will be
instituted this year at European observatories ; and, indeed, I am sure that a greater number
of accurate meridian observations are likely to be made during the months of September, Octo-
ber, and November than is common. Besides this, it is more than probable that observatories
having the requisite instruments will take advantage of the western stationary epoch to make
micrometrical measurements. For the results and success of 1847 it is much to be desired that
the few delicate meridian instruments in the southern hemisphere should be brought to co-op-
erate with us ; and this, perhaps, it is in your power to facilitate. Of equal consequence will
be micrometer observations from the same section of the globe ; but as the latter require no
permanent observatory, and only a chronometer, a telescope fitted with a micrometer, and a
knowledge of the neighboring stars, such observations may well be made by travellers. Whether
there will remain time prior to the eastern period for the necessary instruction of voyagers to
the southern hemisphere, I am not able to determine.''
This letter bears date 17th April, but was not received until the early part of July, and the
next eastern stationary term was to occur in September. On conference with the late able
astronomer, Prof. S. C. Walker, he suggested the immediate publication of the letter, as the
mode most expeditious of making it generally known, and, in accordance with his advice,
printed copies of a translation were forwarded to all the astronomers and observatories of the
United States with as little delay as possible. There was too little time in which to perfect
arrangements for more extended co-operation at that conjunction, and Dr. Gerling was shortly
notified that the distribution of his letter was probably all that I should be able to do in the
work for 1847. But to prove my interest in the prosecution of the problem to its new solution,
I then proposed an expedition to Chile, to observe the planet near its stationary terms and
opposition in 1849, should my views receive encouragement from astronomers to justify such an
undertaking. Nearly on the same meridian as Washington is the island of Chiloe, a place of
considerable trade with the nearer ports, and occasionally visited by American whale-ships.
At all events, it was accessible without much difficulty, and I hoped to be able to induce the
government to send me there, proposing to leave the United States in time to reach the island
by the middle of March of that year at latest. To avoid expense, which it was supposed would
prove the first and main obstacle, I contemplated only one assistant, who, like myself, would
be an officer of the navy, and in the receipt of pay whether abroad or at home, and would take
instruments already belonging to, or under control of the government. I proposed Chiloe,
because it was the point farthest south on this continent at which a lengthened winter residence
could be endured in exposure without incurring an outlay that might prove a serious impedi-
ment, and because I thought that a passage to it could be obtained in a whale-ship from one of
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OF THE EXPEDITION, V
our northern ports. It being inhabited by a civilized and most hospitable people, would tend
to render a residence of five or six months in the latter part of the autumn and winter not
altogether uncomfortable. Its distance is about 5^000 miles due south from Washington; and
a comparison of the observations I proposed to make there with those to be obtained at the
Washington observatory, would give us a determination of the parallax from data wholly
American. This last reason I hoped would benefit me, should it be necessary to seek the inter-
position of Congress.
On the 9th November following, I wrote Dr. Gerling more at length, telling him : ^^ When
I proposed to you, on the 25th July last, an expedition to the island of Chiloe, for the purpose
of making, between the stationary terms of Venus in 1849, nearly simultaneous observations
with those of the Washington observatory on that planet, and from them to determine the solar
parallax more accurately, as pointed out in your letter of 17th April last, my anticipations
were limited to the results that a tolerably skilful and well equipped traveller might be expected
to contribute to astronomical science, and my chief reliance was intended to have been on differ-
ential micrometer observations. Since then I have had leisure to reflect on the importance of
the undertaking, and, remembering the vast outlays Europe has encountered in efforts for the
faithful solution of this very problem, as well as in other hundreds of scientific enterprises, and
the fact that America, which participates so largely in the benefits derived from the labors of
astronomers, has hitherto contributed so trifling an amount to the common stock, I am the
more keenly sensible of the noble opportunity now within our grasp to present the world, from
our own continent as a base, the dimensions of our common system.
^^I hope my desires may not ^prove father to the thought;' but the more I consider the sub-
ject, the more firmly am I impressed with the belief that the able minister who has for a length
of time presided with universal approbation over the affairs of the navy will not now falter in
interest for its advancement, but will hail the occasion offered, and add a new laurel to the
chaplet of its renown, a gem to the national diadem. There is but one perceptible obstacle —
pecuniary outlay ; yet when its very inconsiderable amount is contrasted with the grandeur and
importance of the object to be attained, I cannot bring myself to believe that this objection will
be suffered to weigh, and I therefore repeat the remark made in my former letter — give th*e
proposition the encouragement of scientific men, and I stand pledged for its successful equip-
ment. At all events, regarding it as a possible attainment only, two questions present them-
selves for consideration, and it is time they were discussed: first, Is the locality proposed
(Chiloe) the best which can be selected for the contemplated object? and, second, Will the
instruments which have been specified to you permit the accomplishment of that object in the
most satisfactory or desirable manner ?
^'America offers greater advantages to observatories lying on the same or nearly the same
meridian than any other country — its greatest length being north and south. Deeming a
station on this continent of paramount consequence, for the reason already mentioned, that it
may be a contribution from the New to the Old World, as cceteris paribus— the amount of the
probable error of the parallax observed will be proportional to the length of the terrestrial base,
it is evidently important that the stations from which observations are to be made should be
separated as widely as possible. Now, the northern observatories are already established,
therefore it becomes desirable that the southern station be made as near to the extremity of the
continent as circumstances will justify ; and these circumstances are, climate, accessibility, and
means of sustenance for the observers during their residence.
'' On the first of these points I transcribe somewhat at length the information gathered from
various writers on Chile respecting the island named, I now fear too hastily. An islet (Caylin)
near its southern shore is called by the natives 'la fin de la cristiandad/ If the name have
meaning, as, in the sequel, you will probably have cause to believe, even did the climate per-
mit, it would not be possible to establish an observatory farther south than Chiloe, without a
special ship to convey and take off the observers and their means of sustenance, because it would
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vi ORiaiN AND OPERATIONS
be manifestly improper to rely for support during so lo^g a period on the Indians of Patagonia.
Meridionally, the island of Campana is better suited, and is also some 400 miles farther to the
soutk; but if Chiloe really has the climate described by voyagers and others, you will probably
agree with me, that even this island is too far south for our purpose, Capt. King, E. N., having
found it only one third as subject to rain as St. Martin's cove, near Cape Horn. But to the
extracts from the volumes that I have examined.
'' El padre P. Gr. de Agiieros, who resided six years on the island, and in 1791 published a
' Bescripcion Historial de la Frovincia y ArcMpielago de Ohiloe/ in Chap. XI, says: ' The sum-
mer is the most pleasant season, for though in the month of January it is excessively hot, from
ten in the morning until three in the afternoon there is a refreshing sea-breeze which is called
virazon. At this time the day is from seventeen to eighteen hours long, and conversely in the
winter. During the latter season the temperature is low, but frosts are by no means so severe
as in Europe. I have never seen ice even in the small streams, nor does snow lie any length of
time on the ground. Grreater cold is experienced in Chiloe tlian at Santiago and Concepcion ;
but we must' remember that it is nearer to the pole, and to the rigorous climate of Cape Horn.
That which renders the winter, as well as some months of the other seasons, most disagreeable,
are the continued rains, with violent storms from the north, northwest, and west. It frequently
occurs that rains fall without ceasing through an entire lunation, and are sometimes accompa-
nied by hurricanes so furious that one is not secure within the house, and the largest trees are
torn up by the roots. Nor can the weather be depended on when it is fine, even in sum-
mer, for I have frequently experienced as heavy rains and gales as violent in January as in
the winter. It is only during the prevalent south wind of summer that fair weather can be
hoped for.'
^^Capt. King, K. N., in the narrative of the surveying voyage of H. B. M. ships Adventure
and Beagle, gives the following account ; and this is the most recent information accessible,
unless I should be able to obtain data extending through a longer period from the Chilean am-
bassador. Says Capt. King : ' Cant. Fitzroy (commanding the Beagle) arrived there (at San
Qprlos) in July, during the latter part of which, and the month of August, the weather was
very wet, with some heavy gales from the northwest ; but in bis meteorological journal for these
months there is no record of the thermometer falling below 38°; and it is recorded to have
fallen to that point only on one occasion, the general height being from 45^ to 50°. The first
part and middle of September were boisterous and wet ; but towards the end of the month the
wind was chiefly from the southward, and the weather dry and exceedingly fine. In October it
was rather changeable ; but for the last ten days, with the exception of one, on which there was
a fresh gale, with a heavy fall of rain, it was fine and dry, and the winds were moderate. The
month of November was generally fine, but the first half of December continued tempestuous
and wet. ^ * * * The greatest quantity of rain in the gauge at the end of the month of
November did not exceed 2,6 inches. At St. Martin's cove, near Cape Horn, after thirty days
of observation, the rain gauge contained 8 inches ; so that, although Chiloe bears the character
of being a very wet place^ it is not one third so bad as Cape Horn. The time of our visit to
San Carlos was certainly the finest part of the year, and I believe that the weather we expe-
rienced was unusually dry, even for the season. I do not, however, think that it is by any
means so bad as has been represented.
cc c There is a marked difference of climate between the east and west sides of Chiloe, as to
quantity of wind and rain. A portion of both appears to be arrested, as it were, on the wind-
ward side of the heights, so that the neighborhood of Castro, and the islands in the gulf of
Ancud, enjoy much finer weather than is met with about San Carlos. But even here, the in-
habitants say a change has taken place gradually, and they have not now nearly so much rain
as they had formerly. They attribute this to the wood being cleared away, &g.'
''My. Darwin, who was naturalist to the expedition, and accompanied it on board the Beagle,
states in his account : ' The island is about ninety miles long, with a breadth of rather less
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OF THE EXPEDITION. VU
than thirty. The land is hilly, but not mountainous, and is everywhere covered by one dense
forest, excepting a few scattered green patches which have been cleared around the thatched
cottage^. * * * Ij2 winter the climate is detestable^ and in summer it is only a little bet-
ter. I should think that there are no parts of the world, within the temperate regions, where
so much rain falls. The winds are very boisterous, and the sky nearly always clouded; to have
a week of fine weather is something wonderful. It is even difficult to get a single glimpse of
the Cordillera ; during our first visit only one opportunity occurred, and that was before sun-
rise^ when the volcano of Osorno stood out in bold relief, and it was curious to watch, as the sun
rose, the outline gradually fading away in the glare of the eastern sky.'
'' Don Alonzo de Ercilla (see American translation of Abbe Molina's History of Chile, page
263) gives this brief, but emphatic opinion, confirming those already quoted : ' The land, like
all the other islands, is mountainous, and covered with almost impenetrable forests. The rains
are excessive, and only in the autumn do the inhabitants enjoy fifteen or twenty days of fair
weather in succession. At any other season, were eight days to pass without rain it would be
regarded very singular. ^The atmosphere, of course, is very humid, and springs are to be found
in every part.'
'' The account of Chiloe, therefore, is the reverse of flattering ; and as it is more than intimated
that the constant rains of this section of Chile are much influenced by the height and contour
of the land, and the success of the proposed Expedition will be mainly dependent on the num-
ber of complete comparative observations which may be made, it becomes a duty to inquire
whether a slight change of locality will afford us an atmosphere less obstructed by rains, at
which the observations may be made in such number as will justify the undertaking. Taking
up the latter part of this question at once — with great deference to your more experienced judg-
ment—it appears to me, that as the great object of the southern station will be to furnish com-
parative observations of the planet's declination, and the changes of the declination when near
the inferior conjunction are not only about a minimum, but are also sufficiently well known to
admit of interpolation for at least one hour before and after the transit at Washington, a
movement of the station on the parallel cannot materially afiect the accuracy of the results.
But this cannot be effected in that latitude, for there is no land to the west, or any roads which
are traversable with instruments over the Cordilleras to the east ; and the necessary consequence
is, we must take Chiloe as we find it described, and hope for good weather, or move northward
to a more suitable place on the continent, which, from the configuration of the shore, must also
be somewhat more to the eastward of the meridian of Washington. As has just been said, I do
not believe that a degree or two of longitude will be of much consideration, more especially as
we have observatories at Philadelphia, West Point, and Cambridge, Mass., whose equipments
justify the expectation that they will take part in the observations ; and there is but one to the
westward of us at all likely to co-operate, viz : at Hudson, Ohio.
" There is universal testimony to the excellence and serenity of the atmosphere of northern
Chile ; and to satisfy you of the fact in case you have not examined for yourself, I quote from
one or two books in my possession, the volumes of Agiieros, King, &c., having been found at
the library of Congress, which has been closed for a week or two past. In the History of Chile
by Abbe Molina, which, I believe, has also been translated into your language, at page 12 he
says : ' The rainy season on the continent usually commences in April and continues till the
last of August. In the northern provinces of Coquimbo and Copiapo it very rarely rains ; in
those of the centre it usually rains three or four days in succession, and the pleasant weather
continues fifteen or twenty days. In the southern the rains are much more frequent, and often
continue for nine or ten days without cessation,'
^^On page 19 of the same work I find a note extracted from a volume entitled ^History of the
European Settlements in America,' which says: ^Contiguous to Peru is situated the province
of Chile, which extends in a long and narrow strip upon the coast of the South sea. The air
is remarkably clear and serene, and for three quarters of the year this country enjoys an almost
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Vm ORIGIN AND OPERATIONS
constant temperature, as it rains very little during that time.' Bormycastle, wlio compiled a
work on America, has nothing but what has been copied from the above authors ; but the
information most direct and recent has been obtained from a small volume entitled ^ Eepertorio
Chileno, ano de 1835,' published at Santiago, a city nearly midway between the northern
and southern boundaries, and some sixty or more miles from the ocean. This was loaned to
me by the secretary of the Chilean legation near this government, and whose personal expe-
rience enables him to confirm its statements. It is most unfortunate, however, that the
meteorological journal ceases at a period of the year just half way between our interesting
epochs. I make a free translation for you from page 1 : ' Chile, from the brightness of its
atmosphere, the benignity of its climate, and the fertility and productiveness of its soil, is
reputed to be one of the best and most delightful countries of the globe. Although the four
seasons are distinctly marked, the transition from heat to cold is scarcely sensible. Spring
begins on the 21st of September, summer in December, autumn in March, and winter on the 21st
of June. From the commencement of spring to the middle of autumn, from Copiapo to Talca,
the air is perfectly dry, it being very rare that any others than light rains fall in any year.
The rainy season sets in regularly about the end of April, and continues until the middle of
September. In the province of Coquimbo it only rains two or three times in the year, and
then but for a few hours ; in that of Aconcagua, Santiago^ and Colchagua, two, three, or four
consecutive days of rain are followed by twelve, fifteen, or twenty of clear weather, and so on,
progressively increasing to the extremity of Chiloe, where rain falls all the year, and for entire
months at a time. Dew, which is deposited copiously-, throughout the state during spring,
summer, and autumn, measurably supplies the want of rain in the northern section.'
^' The meteorological journal alluded to as being in the volume was kept at Santiago by Don
F. C. Albo, whose records tell as follows: From February 15, 1835, to April 10, of the same
year, there were four observations daily, viz : at 4 and 10 A. m.^ and 4 and 12 p. m. During
these fifty-five days, there are 146 records ^ clear,' 1 ^ very clear,' 3 ^exceedingly fair,' and
2 ' fair;' in all 152, or thirty-eight entire days of fine weather, leaving but seventeen, or one
day in three, cloudy. From April 10 to May 12, both days included, there were only 100
records, or three per diem. These were made at times (specified) near 9 A. m., 3 and 11 p. m.
Of the 100 notations, 64, or very nearly two thirds, are ^fair,' and the larger portion of the
remainder are either ^ cloudy' or ^partially cloudy.' There were only eight rains in the whole
thirty-eight days, and this, too, the middle of autumn in central Chile — certainly a state of the
atmosphere not known to this part of the globe at the most favored season of the year.
^^ Now^ I pray you will not misunderstand my motives for the remarks and quotations respect-
ing the climate of Chile, but remember, there can be no personal preference for a station. My
desire is to contribute the utmost to the solution of the great problem, and to render the most
eff'ective service which the locality selected, and the instruments committed to my charge, will
permit. If astronomers say, take the longest base and go to Chiloa, or even to a more southern
station, I will cheerfully acquiesce, and undertake the task with the same alacrity as though
the duties were to be rendered at Copiapo or Valparaiso ; but it is due to the object to be accom-
plished, as well as to myself, to submit these points, that I may not hereafter be charged with
the selection of a station unsuited to observations. Eefiect on the subject and advise me what
shall be done.
'' Fortunately, the second question propounded may be more briefly despatched, viz : "Will the
instruments named in my former letter permit the accomplishment of the object in the most
satisfactory or desirable manner ? I have already told you, that in writing that letter, my
expectations were limited to the results of micrometrical measurements. But as meridional
observations of the declination are free from the errors necessarily tending to vitiate those made
diff'erentially near the horizon with even a permanently placed parallactic telescope, I am
satisfied that the objects of the enterprise can only be properly fulfilled by furnishing it with a
circle of not less than thirty inches diameter, whose divisions shall be read with micrometer
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OF THE EXPEDITION. IX
microscopes, and with which, as expressed in your letter of 2d September, ' BecUnatiGns,
Bestimmungen gemacht werden, welche in Genanigkeit denen von Washington gleich komen/
^^ We have not such a spare instrument belonging to the navy. One Avas shown to me a few
years ago at Cambridge, Massachusetts, (I think,) and in 1843 Mr. William Simms told me in
London he had recently (then) constructed one about that size for the university at Tuscaloosa,
in Alabama. One or the other of these may probably be obtained for the Expedition. If they
cannot, or are unsuited to the purpose, either Mr. Simms or one of your G-erman artists could
construct one by next July, and I leel confident the Minister of Marine will authorize it should
he determine to patronise the enterprise.
^^ I think additional value would be given to certain of the differential micrometer observations,
if they could be made at the two observatories with the same stars at the same, pre-appointed,
instants ; it being understood that both before and after these instants the greatest number of
measurements be made which the condition of the atmosphere will permit. Of course, the
circumstances of the refraction at the two stations v/ill be different, but interpolations for
changes of declination will be avoided; and I know, from long experience in the term-day obser-
vations of the Grerman magnetical association, how much accuracy one strives to attain, as well
in the instants of time as in the coincidence of the observed object with the micrometer wire
when he knows there are other observers whose faculties are directed to the same end at the
same moments, and whose results are to be competitors.
^^One other instrument will be found necessary, as well to inspire the observer with confidence
in his work, as to afford the means of obtaining satisfactory determinations of the planet's
right ascension, which may be used for comparison with the Cape of Good Hope and Paramatta
observatories. I mean a good astronomical clock ; for experience has taught me that the rate
of chronometers from day to day is not sufficiently uniform to be relied on for work so delicate.
Such a clock we already have, and as it is not employed on necessary service, it can doubtless
be obtained ; and I take it for granted that the two observatories mentioned will co-operate with
us as soon as they know that our station has been selected.''
A third letter from Dr. Gerling, transmitting the opinions of Gauss, Encke, and Boguslaw-
ski, came very shortly afterwards; and on the 24th December he again wrote me, part of which,
in reply to my last, is as follows :
'^Whilst I promptly acknowledge the importance of yours, and the gratitude with which it
inspires me, I candidly confess that the decision you ask of me respecting the proper locality
for the observations of 1849 gives an importance to my judgment I would not voluntarily
assume ; for it is evident to me that such a decision can only be properly arrived at by yourself
and your American friends. Yet, in your ovai spirit of candor, I will tell you the reflections
which would influence me in arriving at such determination.
'^ From the greater length of the base of operations, Chiloe would possess an unquestionable
advantage; whilst Valparaiso really appears a preferable station, by reason of its better climate,
and not on account of its lying nearly on the parallel of the Cape of Good Hope, as Bogus-
lawski, in my opinion, erroneously adduces. I coincide with you fully that a difference of lon-
gitude of one or two degrees is altogether unimportant, if other benefits may be obtained by a
change; and the question thus reduces itself to a comparison of the cZ^Vadvantage of shortening
the base with the advantage of an increase in the number of observations. Now, assuming
the latitude of Washington to be 38° 53^ north, Chiloe 43° 05^ and Valparaiso 33° 02^ south,
(neglecting differences of longitude,) we have Washington-Chiloe 1.312 radii of the earth, and,
on the other hand, Washington-Valparaiso 1.174. Consequently, this shortening of the base
will diminish the value of the work in the proportion 1.174 : 1.312 — that is, approximately as
17 : 19. But if by an increase in the number of observations this unfavorable change may be
counterbalanced, we have to consider that (ca3teris paribus) the accuracy of the results increases
only as the square root of their number. Hence it will be necessary to multiply observations
in the proportion of 19^ to 17^ or 361 : 289, or nearly as 5 : 4, Consequently, Valparaiso will
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X ORIGIN AND OPERATIONS
be i3referable to Chiloe^ if it be probable that five observations of the planet may be obtained at
the first as frequently as four can be made at the second station. You will, of course, under-
stand me as meaning Valparaiso only as an example for your letter, and that the same principle
of reasoning must be applied in the selection of any neighboring locality. Yet, I repeat, a
decision of this question must rest wholly with you in America, where you, undoubtedly, have
at command nearer and more copious sources of information respecting the climate than Ave, and
more particularly than myself, who have never given thorough attention to subjects of this
nature. But, whatever may be your decision, I can but congratulate myself that by the com-
munication of my views relating to observations on Venus, I may prove the remote cause of so
great and important an enterprise.
^^I greatly rejoice that you have reasonable expectation to obtain a good circle for the Expe-
dition, to serve you in the declination observations ; for I am confident such an instrument will
give glorious results. And that a valuable clock is also probably at command, is a subject of
much congratulation. Should you find the opinions of others useful in enabling you to pro-
cure these instruments, that of Gauss, which was copied into my last letter for you, may prove
of considerable weight.
^' I fully concur with you in the belief that the value of the micrometrical observations will
be much increased if they are made at the two stations on the same stars at periods as nearly as
possible simultaneous ; and to this end I shall forward to you, at the earliest possible day, a
list of stars selected from the Berlin charts. But I do not immediately perceive any great
benefit likely to accrue from a comparison of the right ascension observations made on the meri-
dians of the respective parallels, unless, as intimated, w^e should succeed in obtaining extra-
meridional observations of Venus whilst the sun is above the horizon, and simultaneous measures
of the eastern and western hemispheres maybe combined. Irrespective of the last contingency,
I cannot but regard your vicYfS directly to the point, and am satisfied we should endeavor to
make a multitude of observations in the northern and southern hemispheres^ if possible, abso-
lutely simultaneous. By so doing we shall especially obviate a difficulty of an important char-
acter, but one which did not occur to me until after I had despatched my last letter, viz :
uncertainty in the time of the determination ; for, as the parallax of Venus Avhen approaching
the horizon is ex|)ressed by the greatest numbers, so also at that time its variation is the most
rapid, and the necessity for accurate knowledge of the instants of observation proportionately
greater. The simultaneous observations you propose will certainly remove this disadvantage.''
Meanwhile, the early letters of Dr. Gerling had, with my own, been submitted to the Ameri-
can Philosophical Society and the Academy of Arts and Sciences, to Professors A. D. Bache,
Benjamin Peirce, S. C. Walker, Elias Loomis, and others eminent for mathematical and astro-
nomical attainments, from each of which there was solicited impartial investigation of the
method and proposed mode of carrying it into efiect, and a recommendation of the Expedition to
the favorable consideration of the government, should they believe it likely to obtain useful
results. Prof. Bache replied :
^^ As was no doubt expected, the searching examination to which your proposal has given
rise has nearly exhausted the various bearings of the problem. The importance of the inquiry
is very generally admitted. In discussing the question of the probability of obtaining new data
for the solar parallax which shall diminish the probable error of the value obtained from the
transit of Venus, there are different shades of opinion expressed. I do not see, however, that
the two reasons which strongly favor Dr. Gerling' s method are met by any opposing argu-
ments. The large number of observations upon which results may be founded, and the inde-
pendence of the new method with that formerly used, are, indeed, striking features in this
method. Independent methods give the best confirmation of results, or show errors beyond the
accidental error deduced from calculation of observations which are all made by the same
method.
'^ There can be no doubt that the instruments to be employed should be of the class used in
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OF THE EXPEDITION. XI
observatories, and not small, portable ones. The futility of an attempt with others is well
pointed out in the correspondence. The procuring a suitable meridian circle will constitute, I
suppose, the greatest expense of the Expedition. Without entirely suitable instruments and
ample time for the observations, the Expedition would, of course, fail in accomplishing its main
purpose.
^^ As is well pointed out in the correspondence, if the Expedition should result in showing
that no new strength could be given by this method to the value of the solar parallax, the indi-
rect results from other observations would be most valuable ; no similar expedition has ever
been barren of scientific results. In this view of the subject, meteorological and magnetical
observations should be combined with the astronomical observations.
^^ I have no doubt that you can present a plan to the honorable the Secretary of the Navy so
well matured in its details, and so moderate in the expenditures required, that he will give it
that favorable consideration which the character of his mind insures to such objects, and that
if no untoward circumstances prevent, he will yield the plan so considered that hearty support
which he has always extended to similar proposals for elevating the scientific character of our
country.''
On the 18th December, Prof. Peirce informed me : ^' My long delay in answering your very
interesting communications relative to your proposed expedition for determining the solar
parallax demands a serious apology. I assure you most earnestly that it did not arise from a
want of sympathy with the scientific zeal and devotion which have prompted you to this ardu-
ous enterprise, nor from a want of appreciation of the importance of a new and more accurate
solution of a problem which is the basis of all astronomical measurement, and of which there
is now a single isolated determination. I have delayed only that I might give the question a
calm, deliberate, and critical examination ; and^ although fully aware of the little weight which
should attach to the opinion of one whose knowledge of practical astronomy is not derived from
personal experience, yet, since you have done me the honor of asking it, I have felt that I should
doubly err if I should answer without the most careful consideration, and should thus assist in
sending a friend and most valuable and highly accomplished officer upon so dreary an expedi-
tion with doubtful prospect of success.
^^ A more accurate measurement of the sun's parallax in the method proposed by yourself
and Dr. G-erling cannot be regarded as inferior in importance to any problem in practical
astronomy ; and when sustained as to its practicability by the opinions of Dr. Bache and Mr.
"Walker, Avhose authority upon the use of astronomical instruments can be weighed down by no
living testimony, there can be no further question as to its expediency. Most cordially, there-
fore, as well as deliberately, I send you my humble testimony in favor of the enterprise you
have so much at heart and are so certain to accomplish, if it is, as it appears to be, within the
bounds of reasonable possibility. Let me entreat you, however, not to be satisfied with any-
thing inferior to the best possible instruments which art can furnish, for such instruments
seem to me absolutely indispensable, while the admirable observations which you have pub-
lished are a sufficient guaranty for the skill with which you will conduct their manipulation.
'^I shall bring the subject before the Academy early in the month of January, and shall be
greatly disappointed if a resolution is not immediately adopted in approbation of your project."
When acknowledging the receipt of this personally complimentary letter, the arguments
which had w^eighed with me to desire such an expedition were detailed somewhat at length. A
note accompanied it, suggesting one or two obstacles almost sure to be encountered, and these
were replied to at the same time. A part of my letter was as follows : '' Eemembering that
the solar parallax deduced by various astronomers from the transit of Venus in 1769 was dis-
crepant at least 0^^4; that, in a climate reputed as favorable as is (northern) Chile, we might
expect to obtain observations on at least two out of each three days ; that therefore the ninety
days during which it is proposed to continue observations will give us sixty determinations of
the parallax, each of which might have a probable error of less than 1^', and the resulting final
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Xll ORIGIN AND OPERATIONS
error be as V^ divided by the square root of 60 = 0'M3 ; and, lastly, that the attainment of such
a solution, if accordant in individual results, would, at all events, place the parallax beyond
cavij, it did appear to ine an object worthy a great effort to achieve for our country and its
navy. I am convinced such a result can be attained in a single inferior conjunction ; and that I
can accomplish it, if a suitable instrument be given me, and as close an observer have charge of
the northern circle, I am willing to hazard whatever of reputation as an observer may have
been awarded to m^e. If the period of simultaneous observations is to be extended to another
conjunction, the probable error will, of course, fall within O'M, and such continuation of the
series appears to be the desire of all who have communicated with me on the subject.
^^Entertaining these opinions, the letter of July 25 was written to Dr. Gerling, and in a
short period the correctness of my judgment was confirmed by Messrs. Bache, Walker, and
Loomis, all gentlemen thoroughly versed in the theory as well as in the manipulation of instru-
ments. This was sufficient incitement to leave no effort untried to secure the honor of the
observations for American science. Dr. G-erling's letter of September positively decided me ;
and should he procure recommendations of the Expedition from German astronomers, as therein
promised, I shall leave nothing undone to the fulfilment of my portion of the engagement.
^^ Between the date of my letter and the receipt of that last alluded to, the subjects of parallax
and climate of Chile were made matters of especial examination. It was not until then that I
became acquainted with the close agreement of the results of Encke and Ferrer upon a discus-
sion of all the observations of 1*769, and will candidly confess that this, together with the unfa-
vorable accounts gathered of Chiloe, if not quite so dampening to my zeal as is the (reputed)
climate of the station selected to the skins of Chilotes, was yet very far from a character to
afford encouragement. But, as I have never suffered minor obstacles to deter me from the pros-
ecution of a worthy task, and the following good reasons exist why the work should go onward,
I am prepared to make every promise good to its fullest extent.
^^ First. The solar parallax rests on the isolated deductions from the transit of Yenus, as
observed in 1^69, a part of which observations are, demonstrably, forgeries, a part supposed to
have been ^coaxed,' (as generally termed ^cooked,') and another part, viz: at Santa Ana, in
California, made or manufactured by one scarcely rational. Those of Mars at opposition in the
last century, which are referred to by Encke in his Venus diirchgang von 1769, and by Dr.
Gerling in his letter of April 17, I have not been able to find here, and, apparently, there is
but one other occasion when this method has been made use of. Prof. Henderson made a com-
parison of the Cape of Good Hope observations of Mars, at opposition with nearly simultaneous
ones at Cambridge, (England,) Greenwich, Edinburg, and Altona; and though those made at
the first named northern observatory, combined with the Cape measures, gave a parallax agree-
ing very well with the received amount, the comparison with the others afforded a result
exceeding 9'^ These two modes, and the only ones tried, do not rest on a sufficient number of
observations. The advanced state of astronomy demands their confirmation, and the removal
of whatever of doubt may hang over the solution of the problem.
^^ Second. The method, proposed by Dr. Gerling is the only one remaining untried by which
we can ever arrive at a knowledge of the parallax ; and as this element may be positively ascer-
tained during two inferior conjunctions within the limits of 0''.09, its investigation, in the
manner matured by him, is not only desirable, but its accomplishment will be alike honorable
to the nation that directs and the astronomer who accomplishes it.
'^ Third. Considering the second reason incontrovertible, the magnitude of the object involved
renders it well worthy the patronage of the government. Now, as we can hope to enlist our
countrymen in scientific enterprises only by their so frequent recurrence as compels belief in
their national utility, and as many years have elapsed since voluntary part has been taken in
any work of this character, (vide the Exploring Expedition, 1835), unless we wish all interest in
like pursuits to be lost, it is time rulers were again called on to act, and the present occasion,
perhaps, emphatically addresses itself to us — there being high honors attainable at little cost.
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OF THE EXPEDITION. Xlll
'^ As they are of much weight, there are collateral reasons which it is proper that I should
state to you. On the second page of the preface to his Venus durcligang^ Encke says : ^ Until
1874, there is no hope of obtaining in this manner (by transits of Venus) a more accurate
knowledge of the solar parallax. The celebrated measures for the parallax of Mars, in the
middle of the last century, gave that of the sun within the eighth or twelfth part ; but this
latter method is of no other practical use than as it encourages a hope that, by a greater per-
fection of instruments, we may become more independent of the transits of Venus, which occur
so seldom.' And on page 109, he says :
'^ ' The probable error in the observation of a contact being seven seconds^ is so great as to ren-
der the determination of the sun's parallax within O'^Ol almost hopeless for the next two centu-
ries. Such precision would have required a hundred observers at Wardhus, and a like number
at Otaheite ; whilst the difficulty of placing even thirty good and independent observers in the
vicinity of each of the best stations is so great, that it can hardly be expected we shall attain
such accuracy from any one transit.
'^ ^ All the observations of 1761, together, have but a value equal to three complete observa-
tions of the duration at Wardhus, compared with as many at Otaheite. If the weather had
been good at the eight northern stations in 1769, and there had been eight good observations
of the duration at the Friendly islands, these eight comparisons would have been as valuable as
the two hundred and fifty observations of the two transits actually made. In comparison with
that of 1769;, the next two transits will be so unfavorable, that nothing short of perfection in
the construction of instruments, and art of observing, can be expected to compensate for it.'
^^ We must, therefore, assent to the present calculated parallax for more than a century and a
half longer ; make another essay with Mars, or adopt the plan proposed by Dr. Gerling. Now,
does the present state of astronomical science require this trial by us, or will it be advanced
thereby? I feel confident that you, and all who reflect on these facts, will agree with me, that
to confirm the accepted 8^^5776 within 0'^09, even should no other astronomical result be derived
from it, is well worthy the expedition proposed to southern Chile, and the honor of its achieve-
ment not unworthy of American emulation. Moreover, though I need not have reminded you
of it, perhaps, should the observations be continued through the stationary terms of Venus in
December and January, 1850-'51, as several astronomers regard essential^ the intermediate op-
position of Mars will occur, which may be made use of with greater probability of success than
at the Cape of Good Hope on the previous occasion, it being at that time the summer of the
southern hemisphere; and we shall also be enabled to obtain a parallax in right ascension, as
well as in declination.
^^ A few words more directly in reply to the two difficulties suggested ascertain to prove
obstacles in attaining ^ results comparable in accuracy with the old determinations of the paral-
lax from the transit of Venus,' and I shall have done. And first, as to the probable error of
absolute declinations from a series of observations. Messrs. Bessel, Struve, Airy, and Arge-
lander, are such authorities, it would, apparently, be highly presumptuous to say that any one
could make better measures. But did either of those distinguished astronomers ever follow uj)
a star in declination for a year ? I greatly question it, as refers to the Germans, and know
(from the Greenwich observations) that Mr. Airy leaves such, indeed ninety-five hundredths of
all observations, to his assistants, with whose accuracy I trust I may be permitted to compare,
for, if what Mr. Walker says be true, my probable error is less than that of any known ob-
server. Encke admits, page 30 of the volume quoted, that the probable error of observa-
tion at a station maybe only 0'^5. But I propose a form of instrument and method of observa-
tion which, united, will necessarily cause many of the ordinary discordances of observation to
disappear, and thus your apprehensions on this point be quieted; that is, I want a circle whose
axis shall form a part of its telescope, and intend the nadir point to be examined immediately
before and after each series of observations. This construction of the telescope to me presents
one, or at most two, disadvantages. The first and most important is, greater instability in the
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XIV ORIGIN AND OPERATIONS
collimation line; and the other, partial loss of light by reflection from the prism. As the col-
limating eye-piece and level may be made mutual checks, and theory gives us total reflection
from a prism, I am not satisfied that either are valid objections. To counterbalance these, if
actual demerits, the frequent uncertainty as to the amount of flexure and its positive source of
error, the risk from mounting a tall ladder to examine the nadir point, and of disturbing the
instrument when rising after the observation of an object near the zenith, are all in a great
measure avoided^ whilst the labor of the observer is facilitated by having the micrometers next
him, and the accomplishment of his task in a uniform position, and that, the most perfectly
natural attitude of his body. Should the telescope have a micrometer at its eye-end for both
vertical and horizontal measurements, the uncertainty of semi-diameter and the effect of irra-
diation will be partially avoided, and a suitable screen can be constructed to shield it from solar
heat, as well as from that of the person. Are there other objections to such construction of
the instrument that I do not anticipate, and which would render it improper?
^^ Secondly: I have not so great confidence in the results of micrometrical determinations,
except on occasions when, in consequence of the orbit of Venus lying near large stars, we may
be enabled to make comparisons by daylight. There will be two such j)eriods at each conjunc-
tion — of 1849 and of 1850-'51 ; and if we obtain simultaneous observations from the Cape of
Grood Hope and Paramatta, as I doubt not we shall, a parallax in right ascension will be
measured at the same time.
^^If the government be pleased to authorize the Expedition, be assured I would not even
undertake its equipment without personal consultation with one whose ability and judgment
command my admiration as warmly as his personal merits entitle him to my esteem.''
On the 7th January, 1848, a committee of the American Philosophical Society, consisting of
Profs. E. M. Patterson, E. S. McCuUoh, and E. Otis Kendall, reported as follows : '' That the
method for determining more accurately the dimensions of the solar system by similar observa-
tions of Venus in the northern and southern hemispheres, at the conjunctions of that planet,
proposed by Dr. G-erling in his letter to Lieut. Grilliss of April 17, 1847, is in their opinion
practicable, and therefore worthy of attention and patronage. Also, that the plan of Lieut.
Gilliss for carrying the views of Dr. Grerling into effect is well conceived, and if successfully
accomplished, cannot fail to confer honor on our country and its naval service.
'^ They respectfully remind the society that, in the year 1*769, observations of the transit of
Venus, for the determination of this important astronomical problem, were made by Dr. Eit-
tenhouse and others, under the liberal patronage of the government of Pennsylvania, then a
British colony, which observations were of great value, and justly reflected much honor upon
the colonial government, and particularly upon the distinguished men who were engaged in
making them. As the subject is, therefore, one which is already connected with the history of
American science, under the auspices of government patronage, as our country has hitherto
contributed but little, comparatively with the other principal nations, to astronomy and navi-
gation, and as the plan of Lieut. Grilliss is so truly American, your committee suggest that the
society should commend it earnestly to the attention and patronage of the Navy Department ;
or, if that department should not possess the legal authority to carry it into effect, to the favor-
able action of Congress. And they therefore propose the following resolutions :
'^ Besolved, That the proposed method of Dr. Grerling, of Marburg, for determining the solar
parallax by observations of the planet Venus, when stationary and at the conjunctions, and
the plan of Lieut. Grilliss for its accomplishment by means of similar observations at the Naval
Observatory at Washington and in South America, would, if successfully carried out under the
direction of the Navy Department, furnish valuable astronomical data, and confer honor upon
our country.
'^Resolved, therefore^ That this society do hereby commend the proposed plan to the favor
and adoption of the present distinguished head of that department; or, if necessary, to the Con-
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OF THE EXPEDITION. XV
gress of the United States; and that, in testimony of the o^Dinion of this society upon this sub-
ject, an official copy of these proceedings be transmitted to the Secretary of the Navy/'
The ,resolutions were adopted unanimously on the same evening, and were transmitted
through me. A few days afterwards I received from the Corresponding Secretary, Dr. Asa
Gray, the opinion expressed by the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. It is in these
words :
^^ liesolved, That, in the opinion of this Academy, the enterprise for determining the solar
parallax in the method proposed in the correspondence between Lieut. G-illiss and Dr. Gerling
is worthy to be promoted by the government of the United States, by sending an expedition to
Chiloe, both on account of the great uncertainty which attends the adopted value of this funda-
mental basis of astronomical measurement, and from the probability that this attempt Avill
prove successful, and thus redound to the honor of the country by which it is undertaken.
^'liesolvedy That a copy of this resolution be transmitted by the Corresponding Secretary to
Lieut. Gilliss, with a request that he will communicate it to the public authorities who may
have the subject under their consideration.''
These quotations from a document printed by Congress (30th Congress, 1st session) will have
shown the origin and initiatory steps leading to the Expedition, and it is scarcely necessary to
republish in this place testimony from other correspondents repeating nearly the same ar^-u-
ments. Foreign astronomers were far less sanguine of any results likely to set aside the value
of the solar parallax adopted from discussion of the transits of Yenus ; but the question of col-
lateral benefits to science from such enterprise was not mooted by either of them, or, doubtless,
they would have been equally strong in its recommendation. So far as my personal support
could go, my mind was fully made up. Eesolved to give the method of Dr. Gerling a faithful
trial, and endeavor to accumulate other data to render the Expedition valuable in case no useful
results should be deducible from the observations on Venus, on the 10th February the testimo-
nials and correspondence were laid before the honorable Secretary of the Navy. Entreating
their careful perusal by him, I proposed :
That he should furnish me with instruments already within the control of the department ;
one assistant, an officer of the navy; and authority to embark for Valparaiso, or other port in
Chile, to make observations there from February, 1849, until April, 1851. Should he be
pleased to grant this, I pledged myself that the expenses of every kind, exclusive of instru-
ments, should not exceed five thousand dollars.
Not only were there influences to prevent its favorable consideration by the department, but
it was not until the last day of March that the alternative presented by the American Philo-
sophical Society was adopted, and the honorable Secretary referred the matter to the action of
Congress. There, the papers were appropriately sent to the Naval Committee, and within a
fortnight the Hon. F. P. Stanton, of Tennessee, made the following report :
^^ The Committee on Naval Affairs have had under consideration the correspondence sub-
mitted by the Secretary of the Navy, in his letter of the 31st March, 1848, and they beg leave
to present the following views of this interesting subject :
^^It is proposed to set on foot an expedition to the most southern available position on the
Western Continent, for the purpose of making observations on the planet Venus, during the
period of her retrograde motion, in conjunction with similar observations to be made at the
observatory in this city, with a view to the more accurate determination of the solar parallax,
which involves not only the distance of our own planet from the sun, but the dimensions of the
orbits of all the bodies of the solar system. These observations, if successfully made in the
manner proposed, will present data solely American for a new and independent determination
of this most important element— an element which enters into all our determinations of longi-
tude, affecting the accuracy and safety of all such calculations, and therefore possessed of the
highest possible utility, not only to the government, but to all the enterprising citizens of our
country. In this view the expedition commends itself to us for warm encouragement and effi-
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XVI ORIGIN AND OPERATIONS
cient aid in its promotion. It has been proposed by one of known zeal, industry, and ability
in astronomical observations, wliose personal efforts will not be wanting to bring it to a suc-
cessful issue.
'' The plan is one which emanated from Dr. Gerling, of Marburg, well known for his astro-
nomical and geodetical labors, and communicated by him in a letter to Lieu.t. Gilliss, dated
April 17, 1847, in which he earnestly seeks for it the co-operation of American astronomers. It
contemplates two series of observations, each bearing upon the question of parallax, but in dif-
ferent ways, and independently of each other. One series is to be made with meridian instru-
ments, at stations as remote frojn each other in latitude as practicable, and will consist of
differential measurements in declination between Venus and the brighter stars near its path^
which are visible in the daytime. To render these available in the question of parallax, the
distance between the observatory at Washington and the proposed station at Chile will afford
an ample base of 6,000 miles. The other series embraces differential observations out of the
meridian, more particularly in right ascension^ and which, in cases of the planet's near ap-
proach to any star, can be made with the utmost nicety. A few instances of near approach to
some of the brighter stars may be selected, when the two bodies can be followed throughout the
day. And, in such case, full series of observations, with a well-mounted equatorial instrument,
would be among the most valuable for the proposed object, and their value would be increased
by combinations with others of a similar kind at other and remote stations.
"^^For such observations it is proposed to occupy some point in Chile as an astronomical station.
So far as they may be available in the determination of the solar parallax, or even for the con-
firmation of previous determinations, they will be of the highest interest. But, apart from this
primary object, the expedition and the observations contemplated commend themselves upon
other grounds to the warm interest of all astronomers and lovers of science. The perfection of
these observations will require others upon other objects, and the whole will be a just tribute of
America and American astronomers to their co-laborers in a science to which our country is
largely indebted for the prosperity of some of its most important interests. No such expedition
has ever returned without rich fruits, even of different kinds, and gleaned from different fields
from those for which it was originally designed.
^^ The fact that a quantity so essential to our accurate knowledge of the solar system as the
sun's parallax should rest for its determination mainly upon observations of a single phenom-
enon—the transit of Venus in 1769 — is sufficiently indicative of the necessity and high value of
the proposed measure. So important for this purpose, in the eyes of astronomers, were deemed
this transit and the previous but inferior one of 1761, that we find them scattering themselves
over all parts of the habitable globe, wherever the phenomenon could be advantageously ob-
served. In 1761 they occupied stations from the remotest regions of Siberia to the southern
extremity of Africa, in the wilds of Arabia, and on the islands of the Indian sea. In 1769,
with even greater zeal, they scattered over Europe, America, and the South Sea islands, to
observe one of the rarest, most interesting, and important phenomena which the annals of
astronomical science afford. Not only the learned societies, but the governments of Europe,
encouraged and aided the laudable undertaking. And, even in that day, American astrono-
mers shared in the labors, and reaped their portion of the honors of the great occasion; yet the
zeal of all was not rewarded with success. Unfavorable weather at some of the most important
stations either seriously impaired or entirely prevented observations. At others the observa-
tions have been regarded with suspicion, or as deserving little confidence. And the distin-
guished Encke, who has given the most thorough and scrutinizing discussion of all these obser-
vations, although he assigns to his resulting parallax the small probable error of 0^^05, yet, near
the close of one of his admirable treatises on the subject, remarks that, Hiad the weather been
favorable at all eight of the northern stations in 1769, and had as many astronomers stationed
themselves at different points of the Friendly islands, their sixteen observed durations alone
would have afforded a more accurate determination of the parallax than the whole 250 equations
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OP THE EXPEDITION. Xvii
Of condition derived from both transits.' But, compared with the transit of 1769, he speaks of
e next wo tra.s.ts-those of 1874 and 1882-as unfavorable for this purpose, presen tnJ
d.sadvar.tages wh.ch even the perfected state of instruments will not counterbala;ce;' and in
view of the extremely rare occurrence of these phenomena, and of the unfavorable character of
everal succeeding ones, he intimates that, for three thousand years the transit of Venus of
liGJ may remain as the chief means from which we are to derive our knowledge of the actual
dimensions of the solar system. At any rate, it will not be before 1874 that tstronomers can
avail themselves of a transit of Venus for even an imperfect verification of Encke's parallax-
and cen uries will elapse before the recurrence of one as fixvorahle for the purpose as that of
1769. Lut even forthe expiration of these twenty-six years the rapid advance of science will
not permit them patiently to wait. The progress of astronomy, and the interests of navigation
require an earlier confirmation or re-determination of a quantity so important; and astronomers
will watch with deep interest the accumulation of observations which will bear upon this point
and which, If even less perfect in themselves separately, will yet finally, bv their numbers, and
the variety of circumstances under which they shall be made, be entitled to weighty considera-
XI Oil.
-Jwo methods have been suggested-one by observations on Mars, which has been only par-
tially tried, and with but partial success ; the other, the one which it is now proposed to attempt,
and which offers a decided advantage in the greater proximity of Venus to the earth It has
been proposed to astronomers from a respected and distinguished source. It comes to us re-
commended by other names of high authority, and by two learned bodies of our own land-
the American Academy of Sciences, and the American Philosophical Society
"But, although the proposed expedition of Lieut. GiUiss is for carrying out chiefly the latter
method, 1 need not, and will not, preclude the other. And the various other observations he
wnl be able to make during the two years he proposes to devote to this work, will furnish a rich
and valuable series; for which alone, entirely apart from the consideration of the main desi-n
astronomers and scientific men in other spheres, as appears from the accompanying correspond-
ence, have applauded and warmly commended his purpose •> ^ f
" But the main design itself is not without the best prospect of success. The committee are
informed by practical astronomers, that, taking for example the proposed meridian observa-
tions with the nicely constructed instruments of the present day, and good observers, 0". 7 would
be a large estimate of the probable error of each observation. The probable error, Ihen of the
solar parallax, deduced from two such observations at stations as distant as Washington and
the proposed position in Chile, will be 0".3 to 0". 7, according to the distance at the time of Venus
from the eai-^h. And the error of the result, from an accumulated number of such observations
may be rendered very small, provided no constant uneliminated error remains, which will b^
common to them all But the liability to such errors can be greatly diminished bv the skill of
the observers, and their careful attention to all the circumstances which may affek their pro-
blem. And this liability to error will be still further diminished by combining the results of
the meridian series Avith those from the extra-meridional observations contemplated, and which
will have been made under far different and more variant circumstances These common
errors, the coniputation of probable error does not include ; and it may be doubted whether the
resulting parallax of 1769 is wholly free from the effects of such. Astronomers aim, ever, that
their results shall be deduced from observations as extended, made under circumstances as vary-
ing, and with means as different as possible. And, in this respect, the determination of the
solar parallax, as yet, stands almost alone as the result almost of a single phenomenon
But the committee do not deem it necessary to enter further into a subject which is so fiillv
discussed m the interesting correspondence attached. They are fully impressed with the im-
portance oi the object m view ; and as the sum required will not exceed |5,000, they report an
amendment to the naval appropriation bill to enable the Secretary to accomplish it Alfof
which is respectfully submitted." • ii oi
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xviii OEIGIN AND OPERATIONS
The amendment so reported was duly sanctioned by both houses of Congress ; and on the 3d
of August the President approved a law in which was incorporated a direction to the Secretary
of the Navy to expend five thousand dollars, or so much thereof as might be necessary, m
making " the observations recommended by the American Philosophical Society and Academy of
Arts and Sciences." Preparatory orders for the performance of this service were sent to me
shortly afterwards, together with authority to adopt such preliminary measures as I might con-
sider expedient. Evidently, conference with the members of the two societies, whose recom-
mendations were made the basis of action by Congress, was an essential; and I proceeded to
Philadelphia and Boston, laying my detailed plan of operations before them, and inviting
amendments. I quote it here :
" The purpose for which an appropriation was solicited to send out an expedition to the
southern hemisphere being the collection of data which shall add to the accuracy of our know-
ledge of the solar parallax, observations to this end will, obviously, demand paramount atten-
tion. Two distinct phenomena will occur during the period proposed to be devoted to the sub-
ject in Chile, by the investigation of each of which, we may reasonably hope to deduce tolerably
correct information of the true parallax, and of the absolute value of the received constant.
Taking them in the order of their occurrence, they are :
"First. The oppodtion of the planet Mars, commencing toivards the close {November Vl) of 1849.
As an ephemeris of the stars proper for comparison with the planet on each day has been
selected at the Nautical Almanac office, it should be scrupulously adhered to by the observers at
every station. Two classes of observations of this planet may be made advantageously. 1st.
Simultaneous extra-meridional measurements at pre-arranged times, [between the observatory
in Chile and that at the Cape of Good Hope, the planet to be about three hours past the me-
ridian of the latter, and three hours from the meridian of the former station. The time should
be reckoned from the meridian of Greenwich, as better known than Washington; and the lon-
gitude of the southern station be ascertained with the greatest precision possible m a preliminary
investigation. A comparison of these differential measures will afford a parallax m right
ascension; and as in them the differences of right ascension between Mars and the selected stars
are wanted, the diaphragm to the micrometer of the telescope should contain at least five ver-
tical wires, that it maybe used as a transit instrument. Once directed so that both objects
will traverse its field, the telescope should remain undisturbed until the time of transit of each
has been recorded for every wire. It is doubtful whether an analogous series can be obtained
from the observatory at Paramatta, which lies nearly on the same parallel, because of the
planet's great northern declination and proximity to the horizon, when equidistant between the
two meridians. But similar series made at the same stations before and after culmination will
furnish valuable data, and these may be repeated ad libitum.-] Differential measures of decli-
nation should occupy a portion of each night for combination with others to be made at the
northern stations, and it is not doubted that the value of these [also] will be increased if made
in both hemispheres at the same instant. 2d. Meridional observations. These being chiefly
to determine the parallax in declination, in order to guard against errors which may possibly
creep into measurements of absolute zenith distance by fluctuations of the circle zero, caused by
handling, it is suggested that the following method be adopted, viz: determine the nadir point
of the circle by reflection of the horizontal wires from mercury, immediately prior and subsequent
to the passage of the first and last comparison stars over the meridian, and, when practicable, give
differential measures with the micrometer screw positive preference over changes of altitude in
the circle telescope. This last may readily be the case when the declinations do not differ more
than 20', as frequently offers in the ephemeris for 1849-'50. One limb of Mars should be
observed with the fixed horizontal wire, the other with the nearest micrometer wire; the tran-
sits at the I, III, V, and VII wires; and the altitudes, especially, at the II, IV, and VI. The
same remarks are applicable to observations proposed to be made at the opposition of the planet
in 1852.
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OF THE EXPEDITION. xix
' ' Second. Observations of Venus about the times of the inferior conjunctions with the sun, and more
particularly near its stationary terms. The earliest series of which it will be practicable to take
advantage will commence in the autumn (spring of Chile) of 1850; the latest that I contemplate
observing will occur in the summer (winter) of 1852. And thus the results of two returns of
each phenomenon will be brought to bear on the problem of parallax. As in the case of Mars,
the observations are divisible into two classes— meridional and extra-meridional; though, from
the vicinity of the planet to the sun, the results derivable from the latter do not appear to be
regarded with the same degree of confidence. I propose to commence the principal series, and
to continue it as long as the horizontal parallax amounts to 15"— that is, about 110 days; and
to this end will prepare a map of that portion of the heavens in which the apparent orbit of
Venus lies, projecting thereon all stars within 30' of the path which are contained in published
catalogues. The map, and a list of stars to be selected from it that will best serve for daily
micrometrical comparison, will be sent to every observatory to facilitate the observers' acquaint-
ance with the heavens, and insure certainty of comparison with the same star. Similar remarks
to those respecting the extra-meridional observations of Mars apply here also; if any such be
found near the orbit, a bright star will serve for simultaneous pre-arranged comparisons during
daylight with observatories lying near the same parallel for a parallax in right ascension. Dr.
Gerling also advises the comparison of differential extra-meridional observations made under
one meridian, with meridian observations made under another in the opposite hemisphere, the
motion of the planet in the intervals of time to be derived from the Nautical Almanac by inter-
polation. It is certainly proper that his opinion be received with great deference. 2d. When
possible, the meridian measures may and should be made differential at all the observatories, by
invariably referring to the nearest bright star as a zero point of the heavens. If this be done,
the value of the observations will probably be much enhanced.
''As the preceding series will occupy only a portion of the time that it is intended to pass in
Chile, there may be various shades of opinion respecting the subjects of investigation most
desirable, or most likely to produce valuable scientific fruits, and with which we shall employ
ourselves at intermediate intervals; but it will probably be admitted by all, that the following
cannot fail to be useful if the observations are successfully made.
" 1st. Meridian observations of the moon, both in declination and right ascension ; the former
with a view, more particularly, to the improvement of the constant of lunar parallax, and the
latter, m combination with the culminating stars, for the longitude of the station. To verify
Burckhardt's semi-diameter, both limbs will be observed whenever practicable, out of and on
the meridian, at opposition, and near conjunction. The limited assistance asked for will not
permit these observations to be made when the moon passes the meridian later than 1 a. m.,
except during the oppositions of Mars and western stationary terms of Venus.
"2d. Meridian observations of the smaller planets when they culminate within one hour of any
observation previously enumerated, and not later than 1 a. m.
"3d. Lunar occultations that occur before 1 a. m., except such as may be visible to the north-
ern observatories also. These will be observed whatever the hour.
_ "4th. A catalogue of the stars between the south pole and 30° of south declination to the
eighth magnitude, inclusive. I propose to devote at least three hours of every clear night to
this work, and to obtain not less than three observations of each star, every zone to embrace as
many previously observed stars as possible. The latter will serve as points of reference It is
not intended to rely wholly on these, but to ascertain the nadir point of the circle before and
after each series, and clamp the instrument to the altitude of the centre of the belt to be exam-
ined, using only the micrometer screw for determining differences of declination. Supposing
that a zone of 40' in declination by three hours in right ascension may be swept every favorable
night, if we allow a loss of one third for cloudy weather and overlapping, it will still be pos-
sible to sweep the 60° in three years.
" 5th. It has been suggested that much information respecting terrestrial refractions would be
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XX ORIGIN AND OPERATIONS
derivable from a comparison of observations made at observatories in opposite liemispberes
(north and south) on the circum-zenith stars of each other, each observatory to determine aLso
the absolute places of the same stars. I therefore propose to observe most carefully the declina-
tiong of ^ Columb(B, /3 Columb^, 6 Centauri and X Scorpii, and the zenith distances of i9 Persei,
12 Canum Yen., jj Herculis, cc Lyrae, and 67 Cygni.
^^6th. Observations of comets. For the reason assigned with reference to observations after
1 A. M., it cannot be expected that we shall devote much time to searches for these bodies, how-
ever desirable it might be under the serene atmosphere of Chile. They will, 'however, be
observed whenever discovered in the course of other observations or at periodic returns.
' ' 7th. Magnetic observations. On one day of every month — the term-clay of such observatories
as continue to keep it — I propose to determine the three elements of the earth's magnetic con-
dition, viz : its declination, inclination, and the intensity of the directive force. To verify the
law of diurnal fluctuations of the angle which the directive force makes with the true meridian,
observations with the declinometer will, occasionally, be continued throughout the term-day.
Neither the appropriation granted by Congress, nor the aid asked for, will justify any exten-
sion of these observations ; but, if suggested, modifications of times or methods will be cheer-
fully conformed to.
^'8th. Meteorological observations. A register will of course be kept, and it is proposed that
it shall embrace a record of the indications of barometer, dry, wet^ radiating, and registering
thermometers, wind-vane, clouds and rain-gauge; the records to be made at 9 a. m. and 3 and 9
p. M., or such other hours as will furnish results from which the mean and extremes of the
Chilean climate may be more satisfactorily derived. To determine the local laAV of daily varia-
tions fully, it is in contemplation to make hourly observations on equinoctial and solsticial term-
days during our whole residence.
^^ 9th. There is one other 23henomenon connected with the physical constitution of our globe
which the residence of the Expedition may offer opportunity to investigate. I mean the terrible
convulsions that its crust is in many places subject to, and to which the very locality we shall
occupy has been so frequently and so fatally liable — earthquakes ! It is therefore submitted^
whether any and what form of seismometer shall constitute a part of our equipment.
^^ These nine classes or series of observations embrace as great an amount of labor as it will be
prudent for two observers to undertake, and even its accomplishment must of necessity leave all
reductions until after the return of the Expedition to the United States ; but (whilst I disclaim
knowledge of nearly all branches of natural history) as so little has been learned of the imme-
diate country we shall probably select — if the collection of specimens at leisure hours, remarks
concerning the flowering of plants, the migration of birds, or other designated phenomena,
would be useful from one so unskilled — the enterprise is embarked upon with a full determina-
tion to gather every scientific fruit that may be offered.
^^The various observations actually required, and those w^hich it appears proper to make, hav-
ing each been enumerated, I proceed to specify the instruments absolutely necessary for the
purpose.
^ ^ First. A'meridian circle. [Any construction of this instrument which will facilitate observa-
tions without impairing accuracy will be of the utmost consequence in an establishment so
feebly manned. I therefore present for consideration that the circle be] at least 36 inches in
diameter, reading to 1" by means of four micrometer microscopes, and to be provided with a
telescope of not less than 52 lines clear aperture. [The telescope to be constructed with a pris-
matic reflector at the centre of its transverse axis, so placed that rays of light from, the object-
glass will be reflected through the axis as a part of the telescope, and thus the observer will
occupy the same position whatever may be the altitude of the observed object. At the same
time, the telescope tube is to be made symmetrical, in order that the eye-tube, with its micro-
meters, may be placed as in the ordinary construction, should it be found expedient to remove
the prism. A disc of metal or of wood, 39 inches in diameter, interposed between the observer
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OP THE EXPEDITION. Xxi
and circle, will cut off radiant heat ; and tbe instrument should he mounted on stone piers The
eye-end should he fitted with two micrometer microscopes, the plate or diaphragm of that which
moves yertically to carry not less than five equidistant horizontal wires. As this construction
will permit a trough of mercury to remain always supported hetween the piers, the permanence
ot the nadir point may be tested after every observation without much loss of time, or the annoy-
ance and unsteadiness when mounted on a tall ladder. Moreover, the observer remains con-
stantly m tne same natural and unrestrained position most conducive to accurate observations
and never risks disturbing his circle when rising. A reversing carriage and the basin of mer-
cury will obviate any actual necessity for a level, and every eye-piece should be so constructed
that it may be used in collimating.]
"I am not aware of any suitably-constructed circle unemployed which could be obtained for
the i^xpedition, and consequently application was made to Messrs. Pistor & Martins, through
the United States legation at Berlin, for an estimate of the time that will be required and the
probable cost of such an instrument. In reply, these artists offer to complete one within nine
months after the receipt of an order, for about |2,100. The fidelity with which they executed
thetransit instrument mounted in the prime-vertical of the Washington observatory, as well as
then- punctuality (tp a day) in fulfilling their contract for its delivery, added to the character
which the Pistor circle at the Berlin observatory has obtained for the senior partner, would
mduceme to give the order to these gentlemen, and leave all details to their known iudo-ment
and skill. •' o '=""
"Second. An achromatic telescope of about five feet focal length, and aperture of forty-ei-ht
lines or thereabout. The instrument in view was purchased for the United States explorikg
expedition, and is mounted on a tripod stand. It will require alterations and additions to its
mounting and equipment, as it is only furnished with annular and reticulated micrometers I
have no doubt that Mr. Young, of Philadelphia, can mount it as an equatorial satisfactorily
and would recommend that it be done in the simplest style, viz: that of the comet-searchers
made at Munich by Mr. Merz. It will probably be necessary to send abroad for a filar-microm-
eter ; and to facilitate differential measures with objects in distant parts of the field it is
intended that its movable diaphragm shall contain not less than five equidistant wires A
similar number of transverse wires will permit the instrument to be used as a transit in differ-
ences of right ascension.
' ' Third.^ A sidereal clock and three chronometers. The clock wanted was also purchased for
the exploring expedition, and remains in charge of Commander Wilkes. Should he still have
It m use one must be purchased. One of the chronometers should be regulated to sidereal
time, and another be of ' pocket' form.
"Fourth. A sextant and an artificial horizon,
n "•ff?-ii'^ declinometer. The instrument referred to was used in the observations made on
Capftol hill from 1840 to 1842, and is described in the volume of magnetical and meteorological
observations published in 1845 by order of the Senate U. S. It will require slight modifica-
tions to render it more effective, Avhich may be made by any ordinarily good mechanician.
8^xth. A Fox s deflector. There is one of these instruments, not in use, at the Washington
observatory Prof. Bache informs me that it is seriously defective in its pivots or jewelled
holes, or both, and requires thorough examination and repair. This, I have ascertained, may
be done properly m New York.- ^
" Seventh. A standard and two mountain barometers. The former should be of Newman's or
Pistor s construction, and all of them carefully compared with the standard of the Washington
observatorj. ^
"Eighth. Thermometers. There will be required two standards ; six common instruments,
divided to single degrees from - 10° to -f- 120°; two pairs of Eutherford's self-registering'
two terrestrial and two solar radiating, and two wet-bulb. The scales of the last should be
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Xxii ORIGIN AND OPERATIONS
equal in each diyision to 0°.2, and extend from 20° to 90°. They will all be compared with
the standard.
'^^Ninth. A wind- vane.
'^ Tenth. A rain-gauge,
'^Eleventh. A seismometer.
'^ The following hooks also are necessary:
^^Nautical Almanacs, British Association Catalogue of Stars, Lacaille's Catalogue of Stars,
Johnson's Catalogue of Stars, Madras Observations, Cape of Good Hope Observations, Tables of
Logarithms, Penny Cyclopedia, &c.
'' To avoid delay on arrival at the station which may be selected, as well as the risk of obtam-
ing suitable materials or workmen, it is proposed to build the observatory and prepare the
piers for the circle in the United States. The building should be at least twenty-two feet long,
eighteen feet wide, and eighteen feet high from the ground to the eaves, its floor to be elevated
two feet above the surface. The east and west doors will require to be wide and high enough
for the stand of the equatorial to pass freely through, and the meridian apertures should not
be less than twenty inches wide. Its frame may be of yellow, and the weather-boarding of
thoroughly seasoned white pine, thick enough to permit being fitted together with tongues and
grooves not less than half an inch square, and in sections of ten feet by four and a half. These
sections are to be fastened to the studs and rafters with stout screws, and every part is to be so
marked that the house may be put together in a few hours after the piers are in their places.
^^ The roof doors will be opened from the inside ; and should it be found necessary, a revolving
parallelogram of iron, described by Struve in No. 458 Astro7i. Nacli., will be secured to the
ridge-pole on either side of the meridian aperture to hold the house together ; but I am not
sure that it will not be less liable to injury in an earthquake country without this addition.
A box of lattice-work will be made on one side for the thermometers ; and to prevent action of
the direct rays of the sun during the mornings and afternoons of summer, Venetian blinds will
be erected at the distance of three or four feet to serve as screens. Such a house can be erected
by two persons in a few weeks, and, if finished in the best manner, will cost five hundred dol-
lars. When taken to pieces, it can be packed for transportation in a small compass.
^^The artist selected to construct the meridian circle should be requested to prepare draAvings
of the piers that will be required, observing, on account of the possible land transportation, to
plan them of the smallest practicable dimensions. Sending these drawings to the United States
without delay, the piers should be split from the same granite boulder, and dressed and prop-
erly boxed at the port from which it is intended to embark the observatory and instruments.
'^It is desirable that the whole equipment be despatched under care of the assistant by the 1st
of June, 1849, to the port of Concepcion or Valparaiso, from either of which it may be forwarded
in a coasting vessel to the point nearest to its final destination. I propose to leave the United
States at the same time, cross the isthmus of Panama, and take the steamer which leaves there,
monthly, for Valparaiso, where I shall arrive in about forty-five days. This will enable me to
examine for the most suitable station between Santiago and Concepcion, and make all necessary
arrangements prior to the arrival of the instruments.
^' There appears to be no doubt that an inland station will be preferable to one on the coast,
because the number of rainy and hazy days is much infiuenced by the vicinity of the ocean ; but
it is not possible at this distance to obtain the positive information to justify the selection of a
station prior to examination. From all that it has been possible to collect, one of the interior
towns on the rivers Maule or Biobio, just to the eastward of the seventy-second meridian, and
south of the thirty-sixth parallel, will most probably be chosen, there being harbors at the
mouth of each, and boat navigation which will permit us to transport the equipment with safety
and facility.''
The preceding programme was first presented to the American Philosophical Society, and by
it referred to the committee which had made the report already quoted. Subsequently it was
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OF THE EXPEDITION. Xxiii
discussed by Professors Benjamin Peirce, Joseph Lovering, William C. and G. P. Bond, and
Lieut. Chas. H. Davis, U. S. N.— a committee appointed by tlie president of the Academy of
Arts and Sciences; and, finally, tlie two committees met at Philadelphia in joint conference.
There being differences of opinion respecting those portions embraced within the [ ], it was
mutually agreed to omit them. The remaining portions being fully approved, were 'recom-
mended for the adoption of the honorable Secretary of the Navy ; the committee also submitting
to him that three assistants should be allowed, instead of only one, as I had proposed.
Approved by the department, and the necessary authority granted me to proceed in the
premises, Messrs. Pistor & Martins were at once requested to construct a meridian circle, my
only stipulations being, that the divided limb should be full thirty-six inches in diameter and
read by four micrometers to spaces at least as minute as V, and that the telescope should have
a clear aperture of fifty-one lines. It was suggested, among many other points, that the tube
of the telescope should be quite as conical as that of the transit instrument at the Washington
observatory ; that there should be two systems of micrometer wires at its eye-end susceptible
of illumination on a dark field, as well as in the ordinary mode of being made visible by light-
ing the field through the transverse axis ; that the level should be made with a reserve chamber ;
and that the counterpoises should be so arranged that it would not be necessary to remove them
for reversal of the instrument ; but the weight of metal in the circles, the number of radii, length
of transverse axis, diameter of pivots, and all other details not specified, were left entirely to
their discretion and judgment. Indeed, except as to the two given dimensions, I desired them
to regard all the remainder of the instructions as indications of my wishes, which were not to be
considered as positive directions when they conflicted with any better known mode of construc-
tion. Subsequently, Mr. Schumacher kindly consented to counsel the artists for me, and they
referred to him whenever they sought authority, instead of waiting until letters could cross the
ocean, and a reply reach Central Europe.
The order was received on the 26th October, during the temporary absence of Mr. Martins,
and on the 31st July following a letter was written to me by our accomplished secretary of lega-
tion, Theo. S. Fay, Esq., saying: ''1 have one moment, before we close our despatches, to ac-
knowledge your kind favor of the 16th ultimo, and to communicate the excellent news that your
beautiful instrument is entirely completed, and stands in a perfection unrivalled. I have just
been to see it ; and though my opinion of the manner in which Pistor & Martins have executed
their task would not be worth much in a scientific point of view, it will go J)eUer when backed
by that of Encke, who has fallen in love with it, after a careful examination.^ I must say, if you
discover a new sphere in the heavens, the least you can do is to call it ^Pistor & Martins!' for
their punctuality has equalled their skill.'' I will leave the distinguished Berlin astronomer
to express his own opinion of the instrument in another place, (Introduction to Vol. 4), but
feel it due to these skilled and faithful artists to add here, that the circle ordered differed so
greatly in construction and cost from the one they had sent me an estimate for, it was necessary
to write for additional authority subsequent to the letter of September 26, and this authority
did not reach them until January. Yet, so determined were they to fulfil their pledge, and
not disappoint me, that workmen were employed to relieve each other, and, as promised, the
instrument progressed to completion within the nine months— day and night ! Would that all
were alike punctual !
It will have been perceived that the contemplated form— to place a prism at the centre of the
transverse axis, so as to throw the pencil of rays from the object-glass through one of the pivots
—was departed from in the order for the circle. This was out of deference to the opinions of
American astronomers, who thought it would be a great risk to be wholly dependent on an
instrument of untried construction, in a country where it would be difficult, if not impossible,
to remedy defects. Eminent artists in Europe thought it would possess extraordinary advan-
tages, and the astronomers who wrote to me considered it certainly much more efficient for a single
observer than the ordinary one— so much so, that, were they ordering for themselves, they
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Xxiv ORIGIN AND OPERATIONS
would assuredly adopt it. The experience of two and a half years in zone observations fully
convinced me that the diagonal telescope would have enabled us to do more and far better work
with, infinitely less physical effort, and on another occasion I would not hesitate to have such a
transit-circle made.
Applications were next made to the observatory, and to Commander Wilkes, U. S. N., for
the other instruments belonging to government named in the preceding pages, and with which
it was supposed they could furnish the Expedition, and the five-feet telescope, sidereal clock,
chronometers, Fox's deflector, barometers, and thermometers, were at once transferred — Lieut.
Maury offering to facilitate our equipment in any manner within his power which might be
indicated to him. The first named instrument had long occupied a position subject to the
extremes of temperature and moisture, without frequent attention, and careful examination
showed it to have been seriously, if not fatally, injured. An annulus of oxidation, more than
one and a half inches in diameter, had formed on its object-glass, irremovable unless by repol-
ishing— a process which might destroy its figure ; Fox's deflector was probably injured beyond
the skill of any one but the original maker ; and the declinometer had just been given to a mixed
commission of army and navy officers about to embark for duty in California. In this unex-
pected dilemma, with nearly one half of the appropriation by Congress already pledged for the
circle, (3,400 rix thalers,) and the unavoidable expenditure of quite a thousand dollars more of
it for the observatory, piers, and repairs, I scarcely knew where to turn for relief. Prof. Henry,
Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, had very generously offered to lend me a seismometer,
and a complete meteorological outfit, in case the observatory could not supply it, and subse-
quently authorized me to purchase, at the expense of the institution, a full set of the portable
instruments used in magnetic surveys. Moreover, the department had sanctioned the recom-
mendation of the joint committee respecting the number of assistants ; American astronomers
thought the five-feet telescope altogether too powerless ; and each day had added to my own
solicitude, that every portion of the equipment should be the best of its kind. The circle would
be so ; an achromatic telescope, of six and a half inches aperture, parallactically mounted, and
driven by clock-work, would be a suitable companion for it ; and should we prove fortunate in
inspiring the government and people of the country where we were to be located with a desire
to promote astronomy, the two instruments would do honor to a national observatory. But
where and how was such an instrument to be obtained ?
Looking over the programme of organization of the Smithsonian Institution, I found that it
proposes— ^^ Also a collection of instruments of research in all branches of experimental
science;'' and as such an instrument is within the limits of portability, and might be used* in
obtaining astronomical data in our own as well as in other countries, I supposed that it would
be a most valuable, if not an absolutely necessary accession to the cabinet— one whose possession
would enable the Eegents to stimulate original researches to the solution of experimental prob-
lems. It was therefore suggested to Prof. Henry, that he could render great service to science,
if he would obtain one somewhat in anticipation of the time proposed in their programme, and
lend it for our use. At that time one half of the income of the institution was applicable to cur-
rent expenses; the other half was required to be appropriated for the building in progress, and
the amount demanded for the single instrument was a serious obstacle. But that accomplished
physicist, as well as the members of the Executive Committee of the institution, was greatly
interested for the Expedition, and, after much discussion, he notified me that it was deemed of
sufficient importance to astronomical science to aid me in the manner requested, provided the
telescope could be obtained on a credit of three years, and at a cost not exceeding $2,000, with
interest. No importer to whom application was made was willing to order one from Germany
on such terms. Messrs. Merz, the successors to Frauenhofer, at first declined selling without
the cash— indeed their ordinary custom is to demand one half of the price in advance ; and the
only maker in the United States likely to execute properly the mechanical portions of so large
* If constructed with a suitable range of adjustment of the polar axis.
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OF THE EXPEDITION. XXV
an instrument refused to accept the order. Just when I had made arrangements to borrow, on
my own account, the sum charged by Messrs. Merz, and import an equatorial from them. Prof.
Henry authorized me to increase the offer to Mr. Young, of Philadelphia, and eventually a con-
tract was concluded with him, on behalf of the Smithsonian Institution— the right being re-
served to me to procure the object-glass and micrometer from such artists as might be preferred.
About this time, notice was published in 6'ilUman's Journal, by Mr. Eutherford, of the per-
formance of an object-glass made from imported materials by Mr. Henry Fitz, an optician at
New York. Learning that several other lenses had been perfected by the same artist, I deter-
mined to examine them all, and then confer with Messrs. Bache, Peirce, and Walker. To be
brief, the examination and conference resulted in an order to Fitz to grind a lens from Guinand's
glass, to be of the same diameter (six French inches) as that of the telescope at the High School
observatory, in Philadelphia, and to forward it to Prof. Kendall. If he, and other competent
and impartial judges, should pronounce it as good, in every respect, as the High School lens, it
would be purchased at the Munich price— $500. If inferior, we should have the right to retain
and use it, free of cost, until another could be imported from Bavaria.
Between the date of the order, November 27, and the time that the tube was ready, April 15,
1849, Mr. Fitz prepared three lenses of that size. Veins developed themselves in one only after-
it had been polished, and a second proved scarcely less objectionable in its crystallization. Of
the third submitted for trial, Prof. Kendall wrote me. May 1 : ''I had the pleasure of making
trial of the Fitz object-glass last evening, and was highly gratified with the result. I compared
It with ours upon the moon, Jupiter, several double stars, and the bright star Vega, with its
companion, using a variety of powers, and it is my opinion that Mr. Fitz has fully accomplished
all that he undertook to perform. From this trial I am unable to pronounce which is the better
glass. The Frauenhofer did nothing which was not as well done by the Fitz glass. There
was only one point about which there arose a doubt, viz : color. On first looking at Jupiter,
through the new glass, I thought there was rather too much violet about the edge ; but on
applying the other object-glass, with the same eye-piece, I could not discover any improvement
but that which might justly be attributed to an improved state of the atmosphere. Mr. Fitz,
Mr. Longstreth, and Mr. Young, with one or two other competent persons, made a comparison
of the two glasses on Sunday evening also. I was not aware of their intention until yesterday
morning. Mr. Young was with me last evening, and perfectly coincided with me in what I
have said above. I called to see Mr. Longstreth and one ©f the other gentlemen this morning,
and found that each had arrived at the same conclusion as myself in regard to the merits of Mr.'
Fitz. Indeed, we are all delighted with his success; and I am fully persuaded that between
this and one you might order from Merz, the chances would be decidedly in favor of the former."
Gratification is a feeble word to express my pleasure at the success of the American optician,
for I could not but think this first Yankee telescope of considerable size marked an era in the
progress of mechanical science in our country, for which I hoped future astronomers would
render due credit to the Expedition. That Mr. Fitz was thoroughly competent to figure and
polish, I was fully convinced, on examining the object-glasses previously made, and my only
regret was, that he could not forthwith undertake the whole task, and begin by manufacturing
his own glass. But he had genius, and nothing would be more likely to stimulate him to
undertake it than the success just met with.
Thus, through the assistance of others, the Expedition would be most efficiently equipped,
and the support of the Smithsonian Institution, at a very trying period, will always be remem-
bered with the sincerest gratitude. But this very assistance placed us in a difficult position.
The Expedition was national ; the mass of means (instruments) furnished to obtain its ends had
been by a corporation founded by individual munificence to perpetuate his own name, whilst in-
creasing and diff"using knowlege among men. Whose should be the credit of our results?
Were the observations with one portion of the instruments to be submitted to Congress, and
those with the other to the Board of Eegents, to be issued as "Smithsonian Contributions?"
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XXVI ORIGIN AND OPERATIONS
Clearly, if the government demanded all^ and tlie instrmnents named in tlie proposition sub-
mitted to Congress were unsnited, or Lad been disposed of on other public service whilst the
subject was in abeyance, should the objects of the Expedition be Avorth striving for, as had
already been decided by the national legislature, it was the duty of that honorable body to sup-
ply the means by which success could be obtained, and not permit the funds of a private insti-
tution to be trespassed on. There are multitudinous interesting subjects pursued by individ-
uals, which can only be. investigated under the patronage of such bodies as the Board of
Eegents, or learned societies, and twice the funds at the control of the Smithsonian Institution
could be thus expended every year. These were legitimate claimants for its fostering help — we
were not. On representation of the facts to the Naval Committee at the assembling of Congress,
the views of the Hon. F. P. Stanton were sustained, an additional appropriation of $6,400 was
granted to cover costs of all the instruments ordered, and the Smithsonian Institution was
absolved from the responsibility it had so nobly assumed in our behalf.
Everything was now progressing satisfactorily. Much interest had been manifested for the
Expedition in England, as well as on the continent, and most valuable services were rendered
by Admiral Beaufort, Col. Sabine, Capt. (now Bear Admiral) W. H. Smyth, and others, by
their counsel, by obtaining useful materials for us, and by offers to facilitate our objects at all
times wherever we might be. So earnest were the desires to do something, that inquiry was
made whether the British admiral, or the consuls on the coast of the Pacific^ could aid us at
any time? These offers were dictated by a principle of generosity noble in the individual, as it
was honorable to the nation whose service they adorned, and I could only regret that the ac-
knowledgments of the Navy Department for these tokens of good will could not have been
communicated to these gentlemen by one whose pen would better have done justice to the senti-
ments inspired. But I was sure all of them would remember, that education on shipboard, unlike
that of a court in the inculcation of well-rounded and elegant, yet meaningless diction, insen-
sibly promotes frankness and cordiality — rarely results in insincerity. Therefore, they would
appreciate me in a simple expression of profound gratitude, and believe my assurance, that we
should at all times esteem it a privilege to render aid to any of the numerous scientific or other
parties England so magnanimously sends abroad for the benefit of mankind.
Under the direction of Col. Sabine, E. A., the magnetical, and a portion of the meteorologi-
cal instruments were rapidly advancing. Prof. Forbes, of Edinburgh, had undertaken to order
and supervise the seismometer; Mr. Schumacher and Theodore S. Fay, Esq., wrote encouraging
information respecting the meridian circle, and the remaining instruments, to be completed
under my own charge, were in such a state of forwardness that our departure need not be de-
layed beyond the 1st of June, if a suitable conveyance could be obtained. There remained
then only to construct the observatories, select assistants, and prepare a circular stating the
plan of operations, and inviting the co-operation of other astronomers.
The purchase of a larger telescope rendered modification of the building necessary, and the
circular observatory subsequently described in this volume was devised for it in addition to the
rectangular building previously mentioned. Both were put up in Washington under my own
immediate supervision, and when found fully adequate to our wants, each piece was indelibly
marked, and the whole taken down and arranged in small packages suitable for transportation.
They were constructed with screws instead of nails.
The department had detailed Passed Midshipman (now Lieutenant) Archibald MacKae and
Henry C. Hunter^ volunteers for the service, as assistants, authorizing me to appoint as cap-
tain's clerk Mr. Edmund E. Smith, a young gentleman who had just graduated at the G-eorge-
town college. As it was desirable that the first two named should obtain knowledge of instru-
ments and observations before leaving the United States, they reported to me at Washington, and
Lieutenant Maury, the Superintendent of the Observatory, very kindly permitted them to assist
there under instruction of the officers on duty in that establishment. At the same time, they
were employed to make selections of stars from all published catalogues and Bessel's Zones,
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OF THE EXPEDITION. XXvii
suitable for tlie ephemerides of Mars and Venus /reducing tlie catalogue places to tlie 1st of Jan-
uary of the year for which each ephemeris was prepared. As the apparent orbits crossed sev-
eral portions of the heavens in which no stars had previously been observed, at my request,
both Lieutenant Maury and Professor Bond, at Cambridge, Mass., caused sweeps to be made, to
obtain, if possible, suitable comparing stars. These places, together with those of the planets,
were plotted on charts, and lithographed copies were sent with the ephemerides to every obser-
vatory. The accompanying circular was as follows :
TO THE FKIENDS OF ASTEONOMICAL SCIENCE.
In the year 1847 Dr. Gerling, of Marburg, suggested that a new determination of the solar
parallax might be obtained by observations upon Venus at and near her stationary periods,
provided these observations be made at points far removed from each other.
In 1847-8 the American Philosophical Society and the Academy of Arts and Sciences recom-
mended to the Secretary of the Navy that an astronomical expedition be sent to Chile, for the
purpose of making, according to Dr. Gerling's plan, observations upon Venus, in connexion
with the National Observatory at Washington.
By an act of Congress, approved August 3, 1848, the Secretary of the Navy was directed to
cause these observations to be made.
Being thus authorized by the national legislature, and that nothing which is calculated to
impart interest to the undertaking or to give value to its results may be omitted on the part of
the American government, I am directed by the Hon. Wm. Ballard Preston, Secretary of the
Navy, to announce to the friends of science the objects and plan of the Expedition, and to invite
astronomers generally to lend it their co-operation by making, in so far as it may be practi-
cable and convenient for them to make, a series of corresponding observations.
The Expedition has been fitted out on a scale commensurate with the objects in view. All
the means and facilities for it which Congress has placed at the disposal of the Executive have
been afforded to it by the Secretary of the Navy. Keposing special trust and confidence in the
zeal and ability of Lieut. J. M. G-illiss, U. S. N., he has appointed that officer to the charge of
it; other officers of the navy have been detailed to accompany it as assistants. Passed Mid-
shipmen A. MacRae and Henry C. Hunter, who are to accompany it, have been stationed at the
National Observatory for the requisite and previous training. The necessary instruments have
been procured for the Expedition, and suitable buildings to serve as an observatory in Chile
have been prepared in Washington. They are wooden structures, and will be taken to pieces
and shipped to Valparaiso in the course of a few days.
The principal instruments which the Expedition will carry with it are two telescopes equa-
torially mounted, a meridian circle, a clock, and three chronometers.
The larger telescope is an eight and a half feet refractor. It has an object-glass by Fitz, of
New York, that affords a clear aperture of six inches and a half. It is fitted with clock-work
by Wm. Young, of Philadelphia, and by him provided with a micrometer adapted both for dif-
ferential measurements and for measurements of angle of position and distance.
The other telescope is a five-feet achromatic, by Frauenhofer. It, also, has been equa-
torially mounted and fitted with a micrometer by Young, of Philadelphia.
The meridian circle is by Pistor & Martins. The object-glass of the telescope has an aper-
ture (clear) of four and one third inches, with a focal length of six feet. The circles are thirty-
six inches diameter, minutely divided, and provided each with two reading microscopes.
The series of astronomical observations, in which the co-operation of other observers is more
especially invited, will consist of differential measurements during certain portions of the years
1849, '50, '51, and '52 upon Venus and Mars, with certain stars along their paths.
The observations upon Venus which will most command the attention of the Expedition, will
be differential measurements upon that planet in the morning and evening while it is near the
inferior conjunctions of 1850 and 1852.
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XXVlll ORIGIN AND OPERATIONS
In like manner. Mars will be compared with its neighboring stars near the times of opposi-
tion of that planet in 1849 and 1852. The object of these observations upon this planet is a
more accurate determination of its parallax.
To facilitate the observations, and to secure concert of action, so that the co-operators, in
whatever part of the world, may, in observing the planets, always use the same stars of com-
parison, Lieut. Grilliss has prepared the accompanying charts and tables :
Charts Nos. 1 to 5, inclusive, refer to Venus ; 6 and 7 to Mars. They show the approximate
places of the planets from day to day relatively to the stars down to the tenth magnitude near
their paths.
In some parts of the paths of the planets, along which published catalogues do not afford
proper stars of comparison, special observations have been made with the large refractor of the
National Observatory ; the stars whose approximate places have been thus obtained are mapped
down along the planet's path.
Tables 1 and 2 contain the ephemeris of the planets and stars of comparison. They give
the star of comparison for each day, and quote its magnitude, with its approximate mean
place only.
The stars marked W. C. are from the unpublished observations of the Washington cata-
logue ; as they have not undergone their final reductions, their declinations are only given to
the nearest 10'^ The other stars are designated by the initials or name of the catalogue from
which they are taken.
In the ephemerides of the two planets and their neighboring stars, the mean places of the
stars for 1st January of the year for which the ephemerides are calculated, are given. The
object of such ephemeris is to give the place of the star with accuracy sufficient merely to leave
no doubt as to the identity of the particular star which all observers are requested to use during
the day thereby provided for.
It is requested that those who may have the goodness to co-operate in these observations will
observe the planets also, both for right ascension and declination at their meridian passage.
The order of observations proposed by Lieut. Gilliss is this : During the term of the epheme-
ris of Mars, differential measurements upon that planet and the star of comparison for the day
will be commenced at two hours after the passage of the planet across the meridian of Green-
wich, and be continued for one hour and a half after the star and planet shall have passed the
meridian of Washington, observing and comparing with the star the north and south limbs of
the planet alternately.
Both the planet and its star of comparison will also be observed, with the meridian circle, at
their transits across the meridian of the observatory in Chile.
The same course is proposed to be pursued at meridian transit with regard to Venus and her
stars of comparison.
Lieut. Gilliss proposes to commence the differential observations upon Venus and her star of
comparison as given in the ephemeris as early in the evening and morning, and to continue
them as long, as the light of the sun and the conditions of the atmosphere may admit. Owing
to the absence of stars of sufficient magnitude within 15° of the sun, an omission is made in the
ephemeris during the time that the planet will be within that distance of the sun. It is pro-
posed during such intervals to rely exclusively on meridian observations^ both at the observa-
tory in Chile and elsewhere.
The precise place at which the observatory is to be erected will not be decided upon until the
arrival there of the Expedition.
Those astronomers who are disposed to forward the objects of the Expedition so far as to
co-operate with it in conducting an auxiliary series of observations, will perceive that the results
of their labors will be enhanced by using, whenever practicable, the stars of comparison which
Lieut. Gilliss has selected, and which are given in tables 1 and 2, and by following generally
the plan of observations proposed by him, and herein explained.
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OF THE EXPEDITION. Xxix
Each co-laborer is requested to send annually to tlie Superintendent of the National Observa-
tory at Washington his observations, with an account of the instruments with which they were
made, together with such other information in relation thereto as is necessary to a full under-
standing and appreciation of them, and the results arising therefrom.
M. F. MAURY,
r -,^,^ Lieut, U. S. Navy.
June, 1849. ^
In June, the observatories and all the instruments, except the meridian circle, were shipped
at Baltimore on board the ^^ Louis Philippe, '' bound round Cape Horn, and the vessel being ready
for sea, the assistants embarked on the 11th of the following month. I hoped to reach Valpa-
raiso before them, and supposing that no detention would be experienced on the more expedi-
tious route across the isthmus of Panama, none of the portable instruments were reserved
except an aneroid barometer and one thermometer. As it resulted, the magnetical instruments
would have been an instructive and interesting source of occupation during the weary month
passed in that most irksome of all cities on the globe— Panama. But I am anticipating.
On the day following the departure of the assistants, the department was notified of the fact,
and advised that there would be nothing to delay my departure beyond the date at which the
next steamer would leave for Chagres. And three weeks later the following instructions were
received :
!Navy Department,
August 6, 1849.
Sir: Your letter of the 12th ultimo, informing the department that the instruments and
other portions of the equipment essential to the observations to be made under the act of Con-
gress approved August 3, 1848, have been shipped for Chile under charge of the assistants, and
that nothing need now delay your departure, has been received.
^ You will be pleased to embark by the earliest opportunity, and proceed to Santiago in Chile,
via the isthmus of Panama, and the line of steamers from thence to Valparaiso. On your
arrival, you will make known to the consul of the United States there, or other accredited agent
of the United States, the object of the Expedition, and request him to make the proper repre-
sentation to the Chilean government, with a view to obtain the necessary permission to occupy
suitable sites for the observations. The object of the Expedition, as set forth in the act referred
to, is to cause ^^the observations to be made which have been recently recommended (to the
department) by the American Philosophical Society and the Academy of Arts and Sciences,''
of which you have been apprized. After obtaining the necessary permission of the Chilean
government, you will select such sites as may be, in your judgment, necessary for effecting and
completing the observations contemplated, and proceed without delay to accomplish the object.
For the pay of yourself and party whilst in Chile, Messrs. Baring Brothers & Co., of Lon-
don, have been instructed to honor your drafts. You will keep an exact account of all your
receipts and expenditures of public money, taking regular vouchers for all expenditures, send-
ing your accounts quarterly to the Fourth Auditor for adjustment.
The unexpended balance of the appropriations amounts to $4,159 51, which will be placed
in your hands, and charged to you on the books of the Treasury Department.
The department entertains the fullest confidence, that in your ability, zeal and energy, the
honorable duty assigned to you will redound to the advance of science, and of the honor of your
country and of yourself.
You will be pleased, from time to time, as opportunities offer, to inform the department of
the progress made, and to furnish any other information of a useful character.
Wishing you success, and the safe return of yourself and party,
I am, respectfully, your obedient servant,
T . . T .. ^ .r ^ W^- BALLAED PRESTOIsr.
Lieut. J. M. GiLLTSS, U, S. Navy, Washington,
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XXX ORIGIN AND OPERATIONS
As tlie two series of observations for parallax — the specific object which had been the origin
of the Expedition — would be valuable only when there were corresponding observations in the
two hemispheres^ and the co-operation of other observatories would be matters of favor, not
right, in order to insure the impartial trial of Dr. Gerling's method, imder date of August 11,
Lieut. Maury was instructed by the honorable Secretary, that —
^^As the success of the Astronomical Expedition to Chile, under the direction of Lieut.
Grilliss, will greatly depend on the care with which the corresponding observations are made in
the northern hemisphere, you will designate an assistant whose especial duty it shall be to
make the observations at the times and in the manner specified in the ^ Circular to the Friends
of Science,' which you prepared under the direction of this department.''
At the same time authority was granted me to dispose of the equipment at the completion of
our service, in such manner as would be best for the public interest, and in case of continued
illness, or other disability of either of the assistants, the commanding officers of the United
States ships touching at Valparaiso were authorized to give me any volunteer officer in ex-
change. The duties required would be confining and trying, our probable place of abode
somewhat expensive, and I was unwilling to obtain the services of any officer who would be
able to reproach me for having taken him from the less arduous and more economical routine
on shipboard. Every effort was made to obtain at least one additional assistant from the de-
partment, viz : the number that had been recommended by the societies. There were two
young officers who were earnestly desirous to accompany us, one of whom, when the honorable
Secretary objected on account of the small remainder of the appropriation, volunteered to bear
his own travelling expenses, but the Secretary was inexorable.
The first steamer to leave was the '^ Empire City," at New York, advertised for 16th of Au-
gust. It was to be her second voyage, and the agents assured me that she would make the run
to Chagres in eight or eight and a half days. Had this been accomplished, there would have
been ample time to cross the isthmus by noon of the 27th; but we were eleven and a third days
in making the voyage, and in consequence, the steamer for the south Pacific had left Panama
before we anchored at Chagres. Nevertheless, supposing that repairs or other casualty might
have caused her detention, no time was lost in landing, and by midnight I was ascending the
river Chagres in a canoe urged by four athletic natives. A delay of six hours, caused by a
flood in the stream, prevented our reaching the city until forty-eight hours after leaving the
^^ Empire City," when it was learned that speed had been of no avail; the British mail steamer
had departed at her appointed time, and there was before me the certainty of passing the en-
suing month on the isthmus. How the time was passed, has been narrated in Vol. 1. Nor
need I repeat here more than the fact, that the southern terminus of my sea voyage, Valpa-
raiso, was reached on the 25th of October. At that time the steamers of this line left each
extremity only once per month ; and as they landed passengers, mails, and freight at thirteen
ports within the 3,100 miles of navigation, and delayed at one of them, Callao, no less than
five days^ the voyage occupied four weeks. By omitting the two ports in Ecuador — Buenaven-
tura and Guyaquil— and Huanchaco and Casma, in Peru, and remaining only three days at
Callao, it is now reduced to eighteen days. But if custom-house officials would grant necessary
facilities, and not detain vessels all night when they chance to arrive after sunset, the new
steamers would easily make the voyage in fifteen days. There is now a semi-monthly line; and
so pacific are the winds and waves of that broad ocean, that the arrival of a steamer from a
coasting voyage of a thousand miles may be calculated quite surely within a few hours.
Beaching Valparaiso bay late in the afternoon, a glance satisfied me that the ^' Louis Philippe"
was not among the shipping in the port. Nor had the consignees any intelligence of her ; but
as she might be expected to arrive at any hour, no time was to be lost in preparatory measures.
Whilst the consul, our highest representative functionary in the country at that time, was pre-
paring for me a letter to the Minister for Foreign Affairs, all necessary information was obtained
of the climate on the coast, and soon after night-fall I was en route for the capital. Besides
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OF THE EXPEDITION. XXxi
the orders from tlie Navy Department, I had brought a despatch to the former gentleman from
the honorable Secretary of State, who also made known the objects of the Expedition ; and in
consequence, the consul placed me in direct intercourse with his excellency the Minister, as the
most expeditious mode of perfecting the necessary arrangements.
By travelling all night, I was at Santiago near noon of the next day. On presenting my
letters, the government received me cordially, and acted promptly and with commendable lib-
erality on every point, by offers to place at my control any unoccupied public ground, to admit
free of customs dues everything belonging to the officers of the Expedition, as well as its equip-
ment, and to promote or facilitate its objects in every other manner which might be indicated.
Indeed, the good will and liberality of the President and his Cabinet then, and throughout our
stay in the cauntry, were uniformly manifested. As one evidence of their desire to serve us, the
Minister of War offered to station a guard at the observatory to protect the instruments from
malicious injury, and ourselves from possible annoyance, requesting that notice might be sent
to him as soon as the instruments were conveyed to the buildings. Unwilling to incur so great
an obligation when there was no apparent necessity for it, the offer continued tacitly declined.
Message after message came from the Colonel of Artillery, notifying me that he had orders to
send a guard, and he awaited expression of our wishes— until, finding no reply was obtainable,
but— ^^ I will advise you when it becomes necessary,^' he sent a corporal with instructions to re-
port to me. To have ordered the subordinate and his men back to the cuartel would have been
a rude return for an act of evident kindness, and, consequently, a sentinel stood beside the obser-
vatory door summer and winter. As a patron of science, in stability of government and stead-
ily progressive prosperity, Chile is far in advance of every other nation of South America.
A very brief investigation sufficed to satisfy me that no other part of the country would
answer our purposes so well. In arriving at this conclusion, three conditions were weighed :
1st. Eesources in case of accidental injury to instruments. 2d. Increased value of observations
from the most southern station possible; and 3d. The atmosphere which would permit the
greatest number of observations. The first was paramount, and as persons capable of making
repairs could be found only at Santiago and Valparaiso, the advantage of a station nearer to the
pole was thrown out of the question. Nor did decision between these two places require longer
examination. Apart from the fact that the former city better satisfies the second condition, the
climate of the coast is subject to frequent fogs and mists, from which the great plain is almost
wholly exempt. Santiago, therefore, was chosen, much, I believe, to the gratification of the
government.
This city, with a population of 90,000 souls, is situated on an elevated plain or basin, between
ranges of mountains, in south latitude 33° W 25^^9 ; approximate longitude west of Greenwich,
Ah, 4:2m, 33.65. The plain, or, more properly speaking, the succession of basins, on one of
which it stands, commences about latitude 33° south, and with slight interruption, near the par-
allel of 34^°, extends to the Gulf of Ancud, in latitude 411°. it varies in breadth from twelve
to forty miles, and has a constant and quite uniform declivity from north to south. At San-
tiago the height is 1,830 feet above the sea; opposite Chiloe the plain slopes to the ocean level.
The base of the nearest longitudinal range of the Andes is nine miles distant from the capital;
that of the Cordilleras to the west, not less than sixteen miles— the former attaining a height
of 9,000, and the latter about 3,000 feet above the plain. One spur to the northeast, which is
nearly 1,000 feet high, approaches the very skirts of the city ; portions of the great Andine
chain, less than thirty miles distant in an air-line, rise to 18,000 and 20,000 feet; and Tupun-
gato to the east, and Aconcagua to the N.N.E., the loftiest known summits of America, are
each more than 22,000 feet above the sea. Interrupting the eastern horizon, as does this giant
Cordillera, its interference with observations on the planet Venus in the morning twilight ren-
dered so near an approach to it objectionable; but there was no locality in the vicinity of a
proper residence free from the same obstacle, and no town in the interior that offered the facili-
ties possessed by the capital .
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XXxii ORIGIN AND OPERATIONS
Three localities there from which to select were offered me by government^ viz : a part of the
plain just without the southern suburbs ; Cerro Blanco, a granitic knoll some 400 feet high,
within the northern boundary ; and Santa Lucia, a small mass of porphyry, in the eastern
quarter of the city. The first is half submerged during the rainy season, and consequently,
at such times, is almost inaccessible by pedestrians. It was without suitable accommodations
near enough for our party. The second also would have rendered the erection of a dwelling
indispensable.
Above the castles that occupy artificial terraces half way up its northern and southern slopes,
Santa Lucia was but a pile of rugged rocks. But as government proposed to construct a suit-
able path to the vicinity of the summit, to level as much space there as might be required, and
to furnish a room in the castle, should it be needed, serious obstacles to its selection were re-
moved, and their liberal propositions respecting it were accepted. It was not until months
afterwards, and when too late — when the noises and dust of the streets became serious annoy-
ances — that it was ascertained how much better positions there are in Yungai — the western
suburb. But, even then, one fact reconciled me to Santa Lucia. There, when bad weather pre-
vented observations, as the assistants were surrounded by the best society, interludes of social
visiting probably prevented the discontent which would have generated under arduous work
in the isolation of Yungai.
On the very day that every preliminary had been finally arranged with the government,
information came that the ''Louis Philippe'' had safely arrived at Valparaiso. Kepairing there
at once, within three days the observatories and instruments, packed in and on six of the huge
ox-carts of the country, were on their way to Santiago. The distance from Valparaiso by the
road is eighty-four miles ; and as there are two ranges of mountains to cross, a journey in the
summer ordinarily occupies loaded carts five days ; so that it was the 9th of November when our
train halted at the foot of Santa Lucia. The chronometers, barometers, and other delicate in-
struments, were packed on springs before leaving the United States, but, for greater security,
they were suspended from the roof of one cart, with controlling cords at the bottom of each box,
to prevent too great lateral motion. Having witnessed their departure, under charge of a care-
ful cajpataz,^ for the purpose of estimating the probable security of this mode of conveyance, by
inspection of the train on the road, Lieut. MacKae and myself remained a day behind, and we
were the last to proceed to the scene of our future labors.
Santa Lucia is a solid mass of rock. Its horizontal projection is an oval, some 1,300 feet long
from N.N.E. to S.S.W., and 500 feet in its greatest transverse diameter. Its highest pinnacles,
200 feet above the city, as well as many others, are columnar, and, at a little distance, closely
resemble basalt. Some of them are vertical— a few are horizontal; most of them, as do also its
strata, stand at every inclination towards the west, but not one of them dips to the east. The
slope is tolerably regular from the summit to the north and south extremes, though that of the
southern portion is the most abrupt and broken. Partially covered with decomposed rock and
scanty vegetable mould, its eastern face has an inclination not differing greatly from 45°. The
western is precipitous — a bare wall of nearly black porphyry, with occasional injected veins of
quartz. This side forms the great quarry from which the city is supplied. On its northern
ridge, houses have been built as far up as the base of a castle, to which a tolerably good wind-
ing road has been formed on artificial terraces cut in the eastern slope ; but above the castle,
that is, for two thirds of the whole height, the rocks rise vertically for nearly twenty feet, and
further ascent towards the summit was (then) only to be accomplished by clambering from point
to point. The most appropriate places we could obtain were just below the summit, on the
same ridge, and a large number of men were at once set to work to level them. This was no
inconsiderable undertaking. Surrounded, as is the hill, by many of the best dwellings of the
capital, blasting is prohibited, and the process of breaking down rocks by heating and pouring
water on their hot surfaces is a very slow one. The intervention of feast days, when labor is
"" The person lo charge of a tram of carts, mules, or the vehicle iu which one travels, is so called.
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OF THE EXPIDITION. XXXlii
prohibited by tlie cliiircb, proved another source of delay ; and it was not until December 5 that
the first building was ready for its instrument. The terrace on which this stood is eight feet
higher than that of the rectangular edifice for the meridian circle, and 175 feet above the run-
ning stream at the base of the hill. It commands an unobstructed view, except between S.S. W.
and S.S.E., where rocky escarpments interfere for about 15° above the horizon.
On the following night the equatorial was mounted, and four days later, work was com-
menced with it on the planet Mars. During that season the weather was exceedingly favora-
ble for observations. Of the fifty-two pre-appointed nights remaining of the series, there were
only four when no observations could be made, and two others when a slight haze obscured the
very minute comparing star in the illuminated telescope. Such continuous loss of rest, added
to change from the moist climate of the ocean to the excessively dry one of Santiago,\vas so
rapidly breaking down Lieut. MacKae, that, on the 18th December, I was glad to take advan-
tage of the arrival of the meridian circle, and send him to Valparaiso to supervise its landing
and packing for transportation.
After the equatorial was mounted, three or four weeks were consumed in putting together
the other building— a time quite as long as was occupied in its original construction. Mean-
while we had obtained permanent quarters in the vicinity ; the circle and clock piers were put
up, and our magnetical and meteorological observations had been systematically commenced.
Early in February the circle was ready for use ; the first series on Mars had terminated, and
zone observations were instituted, commencing at 85° south declination, and working towards
the zenith on successive nights in belts 24^ wide, until compelled to return below again to con-
nect in right ascension. Each night's work comprised observations of level, nadir point, col-
limation by reflection of the wires from mercury and standard stars before and after a 'zone
extending through three to four hours in right ascension, so that we were always occupied from
five to six, and sometimes more hours. Lieut. MacKae and myself devoted alternate nights to
these observations, very rarely having relief by clouds until after April 21st. Lideed, between
February 4th and that date— seventy-six nights— there were only four of them obscure. The
rains of latter autumn and winter came none too soon for us.
Appreciating the advantages that mental culture gives to every individual, community, or
nation, the government was early in manifesting a disposition to have its citizens profit by our
residence among them. The minister at Washington had inquired whether it would be agree-
able to facilitate the studies of some of their most advanced young men, and very shortly after
the instruments were erected the application was renewed through the University. Earnestly
hoping to increase the interest in our pursuits, the proposition was cordially assented to, and
three gentlemen were appointed by the Minister of Public Instruction, who were paid a mod-
erate income whilst devoting certain hours to the study of theoretical and practical astronomy.
One was a professor of mathematics in the National Institute; the others prominent students of
his class. Our books were at once placed at their disposal; explanations were given them at all
times ; opportunities afforded them to become familiar with the meridian circle, and the smaller
equatorial was loaned for their exclusive use. This instrument was mounted by them under a
movable building within the castle yard, to which they had access without interfering with our
regular work. These gentlemen readily aided us in the magnetical and meteorological obser-
vations, and also on the term-days, or whenever sickness diminished the small number of our
active party. For assistance at such times they merited our best thanks. Nor was it the gov-
ernment only who were interested that astronomical knowledge should be cultivated in Chile.
When the equatorial was first mounted, night after night, scores of persons ascended the hill to
see the wonderful "maquma/' as they called the beautifully equipoised but apparently complex
instrument ; and as the observations on Mars did not commence until an hour or two after
dark, the intermediate time was devoted to showing them some of the wonders of the heavens.
All who came were admitted— men, women, and children, rich and poor ; even the sentinel who
stood with sabre beside the door was not slighted ; and each in turn went away gratified, the
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XXXIV ORIGIN AND OPERATIONS
poor deferentially waiting until their more fortunate countrymen gave place witliin the build-
ing. Few at a time could enter; and irksome as it was to repeat the same explanations to half
a dozen or more parties every evening during nearly three months^ we cheerfully persevered,
and perhaps with good effect. We had been told by acquaintances that the lower classes living
on and near the base of the hill were men of vicious propensities, whom it would be hazardous
to meet unarmed at a late hour of the night ; but, to their credit be it said, we were never
molested, even by a word, in the nearly three years during which we went up to and left the
observatory at all hours. May not our civility, when they came desiring to see the telescope
and the curious objects it displayed, have secured their good will? But the custom of opening
the observatory to visiters gave rise to a report that we had come to Chile as expounders of
astronomy. Our arrival and purposes had been duly published ; but in a country where there
are so few journals and so limited a circle of readers our position was not readily comprehended.
Without exception, the foreigners who had previously settled among them came to accumulate,
not to spend money, and the mass reasonably su]3posed we had a like object. Perhaps this con-
tributed to make credible among large numbers that an astronomical class was to be formed,
admission to which was earnestly sought by many of our evening visiters.
Passed Midshipman Hunter, injured by being thrown from a horse early in January, returned
to the United States by the first public vessel, and in September following the vacancy was
filled by Mr. S. L. Phelps, who took my place at the circle. All the subsequent zone observa-
tions were made by Lieut. MacEae and himself. In January, 1851, an accident to the micro-
meter-screw that moves its horizontal system of wires, made it necessary for the assistants to
work jointly at the zones, and, as it was manifestly impossible for them to be up every night,
as soon as the first series on Venus terminated, I devoted the alternate nights with the circle to
examination of such of Lacaille's stars between our zenith and pole as had never been twice
observed. Messrs. Pistor & Martins, however, sent us new screws with the least possible delay,
and at the close of June we could work as before.*
Most of the several hundred errors which were detected in these months of examination, and
subsequently, have already been announced in the pages of the ^'Astronomical Journal" and
the '^ Monthly Notices of the Eoyal Astronomical Society."
From June to October, in which last month the series on Venus commenced, the weather
proved more unfavorable for observations than in any year since that of 1827 — so said intelli-
gent citizens— and there were only one third of the nights suitable for zone work ; but we were
able to observe the moon and stars selected from published catalogues, quite one half the time.
Between October 19 and February 10, 1851, differential measures of the planet and comparing
star were made on fifty-one nighfcs ; and there were seventy-three meridian observations, at
which time its diameter also was measured, and the absolute places of several standard stars
observed, one or more of which occupied nearly the same parallel of declination. Owing to its
very frequent tremulous or pulsatory motion in the evening twilight, the differential measures
when approaching its eastern stationary terms were often found difficult, and rarely afforded
much satisfaction. As example to the contrary, however, the following remarks on one evening
may be quoted to show that reliable measures are not impossible :
'^ November 14. An extremely fine evening throughout. Both objects are defined with pre-
cision and move steadily. Except those marked 'tremulous' (1) and 'blurred,' (3) it would
not have been possible for me to make better measures with so little difference between the
times of transit, and so large an angle through which to move the micrometer screw."
There were twenty-seven measurements made between 22A. 58m. and OA. 18m. sidereal time,
the difference of right ascension at the first being 50^., and at the last 44.45., and of declination
at corresponding periods 1' 50'^ and 2' 12^\ But in the morning twilight the atmosphere was
* Again these distinguished artists merited earnest ccmmendation, as well for the promptitude with which they delivered these
delicate portions of the instrument to be forwarded to us by mail, as for their disinterestedness in declining to make any charge
therefor.
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OF THE EXPEDITION, XXXV
tranquil, and generally so clear that measures could be continued long after daylight if the
comparing star was so bright as seventh magnitude. Once I commenced when the planet was
not more than 3° above the horizon, and, as has been stated in Vol. 1, there were several
occasions when the cusps could be distinguished by the unassisted eye ! Its twinkling some
mornings was also quite notable ; both the latter being facts in physical astronomy, or rather atmo-
spheric astronomy, never yet witnessed from any observatory in the northern hemisphere known
to me. But, favorably as the planet could be seen, and carefully as colored portions were looked
for on several occasions, nothing like a spot was ever detected. The meridian observations
were prosecuted except whilst the planet was within 5° of the sun, a screen of white cotton
cloth comisletely protecting the circle from the sun's rays.
_ When the circle was again in thorough working order, I made a visit to the northern pro-
vinces, taking along the magnetical instruments, and determining the elements at five stations
one of them 3,700 feet above the level of the sea. This journey also afforded opportunity to
collect many facts respecting the mineral resources and distribution of mines in those provinces,
as well as other interesting information not generally known out of Chile. During the month
and a half of my absence from Santiago, there was very little work done by the assistants.
Clouds had been even more frequent than in the corresponding period of the preceding year,
though rains had neither occurred so often nor continued so long.
Autumn proved almost as unfavorable for the zones ; so that from the commencement of
summer to the close of this season, we averaged, for the catalogue, only a little more than 800
stars per month. July of 1851 was, undoubtedly, the most unpropitious month of our residence
in Chile. During the second series on Mars, comprising 93 days, between 16th December,
1851, and 15th March, 1852, I was more fortunate. About 2,000 differential measures were
made on seventy-eight, and meridian observations on eighty nights, it having occurred on two
occasions that the comparing star could not be seen through the haze hanging over the valley.
Generally the atmosphere was so clear that the shades of color of portions of the planet could
be perceived with great distinctness and satisfaction, even under quite bright illumination of
the field. The following notes appended to the observations of February 26, will show some-
thing of the appreciation in which such nights are held. On that night the star of comparison
was double; its companion, blue and of the twelfth magnitude, was some 19" south and 6" east.
"Neither finer night, better images, nor more satisfactory work, since the commencement of
the series. The atmosphere is as steady as the earth itself, and so translucent, that not only is
the companion seen distinctly under full illumination, but even its blue color is perceptible."
There were twenty-four measures on that evening, and I am quite sure the place of the planet
will be given by them to within less than half a second of arc. In marked contrast are these
notes to the observations on the evening of the 1st February.
"There were two sharp earthquakes, at an interval of 12s.', about 6A. 12m. p. m., (nearly twelve
hours before,) whose effect seems to have been to change the condition of the atmosphere. At
one instant the planet and star are steady, but before half-way across the field are blurred and
jumping in a most extraordinary manner. Therefore, the measures could not have been very
good, even had there not been the additional difficulty of endeavoring to keep Mars on the fixed
wire by means of the tangent screw, whilst the micrometer wire was moved to bisect the star
Thus, only one reading of the micrometer is given, the star being that number of revolutions
to the north of the planet's limb."
Unfavorable as this appears to be, if we divide the thirty observations into four groups for
comparison, the change of declination between the mean of the times for the two groups of the
north limb differs from the change shown by the south 0".234. Should other observatories
have been equally fortunate, a discussion of the observations cannot fail to be of high interest,
for it will probably forever decide the possibility of determining accurately the parallax of Mars
from meridian or differential measurements. At the close of the series, at least three meridian
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XXXvi ORIGIN AND OPERATIONS
observations were made of tliose in our own, as well as of the comparing stars, in tlie epliemeiis
of the Nautical Almanac.
During all these fine nights the assistants were making up lost time with the circle, extend-
ing their nightly zones to the limit their vision would bear, and adding an average of more
than a thousand stars to the catalogue each month. A part of their work at this period was in
the 5° immediately surrounding the pole, which was observed in one belt, the slow motion of
the stars permitting the circle to be moved through that space without the risk of losing any
object. In order to insure this also, the same zone was observed on three successive nights, and
after comparison of the several results, every star not recorded on each occasion was specially
looked for. The circle was read for every star in the polar belts. One of the 9th magnitude
was found which performed its entire revolution within the field of the telescope ! When
double, the differences of right ascension and declination, and the magnitudes and colors of the
components, were noted. There were quite a number of these last which escaped the sweeps of
that eminent observer. Sir John Herschel.
That our estimations of magnitudes might be comparable, Lieut. MacEae and myself had
early referred to small and well-known stars of the British Association catalogue as standards,
ascending or descending in the scale of brightness to the extreme magnitudes embraced in it.
In like manner, the judgment of Mr. Phelps was based on Mr. MacEae's estimates. The
smallest star visible in the telescope of the meridian circle, illuminated for ordinary work, and
on good nights, was set down as 12th magnitude. Many of Lacaille's must have varied
greatly since the date of his work, and not a few of them may probably have short periods.
How many of the sixty, not perceptible by us when sought for, may only have been in the
wane, remains for the decision of later astronomers. No doubt a part of these discrepancies
may be due to erroneous entries in his observation books, and others to errors since made in the
reduction of his work; but as the case now stands, we have ample data to show that the places
of the stars contained in the catalogue (Lacaille's) published under the direction of the British
Association are extraordinarily inaccurate. That many of the stars south of the zenith of San-
tiago are variable, is established by the fact that our observations embrace quite bright stars
not contained in his zones ; and one or two of those not visible when twice sought in the early
months of the work, were subsequently observed near their proper i)laces. But the variable
star of the southern hemisphere which has most interest is ^ Argus. Taking into account the
surrounding nebula, the contiguous clusters of stars, its color, and changes of brilliancy, there
is probably no sidereal object more wonderful. From 1834 to 1838, during which Sir John
was at the Cape, it never exceeded ^ Centauri in brightness, and at one time was '^a good
match with Fomalhaut.'' In 1Q11, Halley had rated it as low as a 4th magnitude; in 1751,
Lacaille saw it a 2d ; from 1811 to 1815, it had been considered a 4th again ; and subsequently,
and up to 1845, it had varied between a not very remarkable 1st and a small 2d. At the last
named epoch it exceeded the lustre of Canopus, than which Sirius is the only star more bril-
liant in all the heavens. The following records are extracted from our note-books :
1850, February 9. A bright, clear night, and steady atmosphere. Comparing the brightest
visible stars, they rank— Sirius, Canopus, ^ Argus, oc Centauri. The yellowish-red light of
5? Argus is more marked than that of Mars.
February 13. ?? Argus apparently less bright than a Centauri.
Ifarch 31. v Argus is quite as bright as the two stars of a Centauri, and superior to all
except Sirius and Canopus.
Aj)ril 15. 5j Argus approaches the brilliancy of Canopus.*
April 18. Night cloudless, and without haze. After the observations, careful estimation
placed ^ Argus quite equal with, if not superior in brightness to ^ Centauri, They were equi-
distant from the meridian.
* Letter to Hon. F. P. Stanton.
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OP THE EXPEDITION. XXXvii
May U: ^ Argus and a Centauri being at the same distance from the merilian, the former is
considerably the brighter.
May 16. ^ Argus more brilliant than the two stars of ^ Centauri combined.
3Iay 28. v Argus goes on increasing steadily. With the ruddiness of Aldebaran, its magni-
tude is only less than Canopus.* Its change since the close of October has been nearly, if not
full half a magnitude.
Jime 3. To the unassisted eye the atmosphere is remarkably clear, the '^coal sacks'' of the
via lactea being of startling blackness. -^ Argus and Arcturus have, approximately, the same
color, and though the latter is rather ruddier, the former is considerably the brighter. When
compared, they had about the same altitude.
Jidy 5. ^ Argus is still as bright as the two stars of a Centauri.
July 25. ^ Argus as bright or brighter than the two of ^. Centauri.
July 28. ^ Argus is on the wane, and is now very little superior to oc Centauri. f
1851, May 18. ^ Argus certainly not so bright as a Centauri.
Becemher 28. ?? Argus quite as bright as c^ Centauri.
1852, January 22. ^ Argus no brighter than ^ Centauri.
May 10. . Argus continued fully as bright as the double star cc Centauri as late as the 15th of
March last. Some nights I would estimate it a shade brighter ; but when the two were at equal
distances from the meridian, it was often impossible to detect any difference with the eye. Since
then it has sensibly diminished. It comes nearer to my recollection of Capella, as seen in the
northern hemisphere, than any other star. J
These are all the memoranda recorded, and they fully sustain the impression of Herschel, of
a fitfully variable star, to an astonishing extent, with neither settled period nor regularity of
progression for its minor fluctuations. The more important gradations of lustre, as those no-
ticed only by Halley in 1677, and Mr. Burchell in 1811-15, occur but after long intervals. Since
1822, there have been annual watchers of its changes, and none have seen it smaller than a 2d
magnitude star. That the astronomer of the northern hemisphere may appreciate the lustre of
the binary system, {c Centauri), with which I so constantly compared it, cc^ Centauri neither
exceeds y, nor falls below f^ Leonis, which is the more obscure of the two ; c^ is, as nearly as pos-
sible, equal with Antares or Spica, with the decided orange tinge of the former, rather than the
silvery radiance of the latter. Lieut. MacKae, on one occasion, estimated them at 4th and 2d
magnitudes respectively, whilst I put them up as high as 1 and 1.2, which is certainly nearer
the fact, though neither of us ever considered ^^ ^o bright as /?. As their distance never ex-
ceeded 121^^ § during our stay in Chile, the unassisted eye did not separate them, and their
combmed light is, perhaps, one third greater than that of Arcturus.
Our time in Chile was rapidly drawing to a close. Before leaving it, I was desirous to learn
something more of its people, topography, and agriculture; and as it was necessary to save my
eyes for the series of observations on Yenus, to commence about the close of May, I left Santi-
ago for Talca, soon after terminating the observations on Mars. Almost incessant work during
nearly a hundred successive nights, in a climate so dry as to open the joints of wood that had
been baked in an oven at home, had left me quite destitute of energy— very Chilean in apathy.
Provided by considerate friends against most of the discomforts of the road, and instructed by
them in all useful matters, the month passed on horseback proved an effectual restorative.
Within that time, I visited the third city of the republic in population ; the battle-field of Lon-
comilla; descended the Maule in a boat as far as Constitucion on the sea, and re-ascended it to
within fifteen miles of Talca; had an opportunity to see the principal towns in the most produc-
tive agricultural provinces, and entered the Andes along the banks of the Cachapual, as far as
^ Letter to Lieut. C. H. Davis, U. S. N.
t Letter to Rear Admiral Wm. H. Smyth, R. N.
X Letter to Dr. C. L. Gerling.
$ At mean epochs, Jmie 15, 1850, and 1852, the differences in right ascension were 11-.77 and ll".56, and of declination 3'^25
and 1".33; the former derived from twenty-four, and the latter from eight observations.
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XXXyiii ORIGIN AND OPERATIONS
the mineral baths of Cauquenes. As, of necessity, the journey was to be very hurried, much
accurate geographical knowledge was not to be expected, and no other instruments were^ taken
along than a Bunten^s barometer and one thermometer. But the excursion brought me in con-
tact with gentlemen who had visited the sources of several rivers, when crossing diiferent
mountain chains, and their information has been used in compiling the maps of Vol. 1.
Very soon after my return, the government decided to establish a National Observatory, and
official information of the fact was communicated by Prof. Domeyko, who had earnestly inter-
ested himself to this end, and who was requested to ascertain whether our equipment could be
purchased. In such case he was authorized to make the necessary arrangements for the trans-
fer at the termination of" our work. This was most gratifying information, a happy result to
one of the cherished objects of the Expedition, and congratulations were tendered the Professor,
that his adopted country offered this new evidence of its intention to continue, as it always had
been, the most liberal patron of science and arts among the southern republics. Having been
invested by the honorable Secretary of the Navy with power to dispose of our outfit, the instru-
ments and few books belonging to the United States were oifered at the prices paid for them
without after-costs for transportation. Piers, &c., and the observatory building— the latter
presumed to have deteriorated, and therefore not so valuable as when new— it was proposed to
have appraised by two competent mechanics. Had it been optional with me, these last would
have been freely offered to the government as a slight return for the many services so cheerfully
extended us, and the propriety of doing so was immediately submitted to the department. Un-
fortunately, the letter from the Hon. William A. Graham, then Secretary of the Navy, promptly
acceding to the suggestion, did not reach me until the purchase had been effected, and I could
take the responsibility to present only the necessary objects and furniture for carrying on the
duties of the observatories, which had been obtained in Chile. When the basis of the negotia-
tion was settled. Dr. Charles Moesta, a graduate of the University of Marburg, was appomted
director of the new establishment, and immediately applied himself to acquire practical knowl-
edge of the instruments. He already had acquaintance with portable astronomical and mag-
netical instruments before leaving Germany, and for more than a year preceding this appoint-
ment, had filled the post of assistant to the chief of the Topographical Survey in Chile ; so that
two months' practice, at the hours we were not using the circle or equatorial, enabled him to
become expert in their manipulation. Two of the gentlemen previously mentioned as ap-
pointed government students were named as assistants very shortly after our departure, and
more than one proof has since been given that the administration cherishes a desire to promote
the interests of astronomy. The expedition which the President sent to Peru to observe the
total eclipse of November 30, 1853, and the purchase of one of KessePs best clocks, furnished
with the most improved -self-winding telegraphic register, may be cited as two such evidences.
The experience obtained in the first series— summer as it was with us— had led me to expect
very little from the last one on Venus. Then the planet was far south, the air was dry, and we
had few clouds to contend with: now, every condition was reversed, and in the whole pre-ar-
ranged period it was possible to make differential measures only on nine evenings prior to the
conjunction, and on eighteen mornings subsequent to it. There was not one occasion when the
measures were wholly satisfactory. The nearest approaches to it were in the evening twilight
of June 23, when the record shows: ^^ Sharp, clean images throughout ; if the star would have
permitted a little more light, I should have put down all the measures as satisfactory.'' And
on the morning of August 12th : ^^Good morning ; images not very sharp at first, but quite
satisfactory during the last observations by daylight."
I could find no star in the place of H. C. 15551, E. A. 7A. 50m. 585. Declination + 23^ 19^3^
and therefore made measures with the nearest one which was approximatively of the magnitude
assigned by Lalande to No. 15551. Of 47 meridian observations, some of them were very good,
or at least they were so regarded when made.
More than the usual amount of work was accomplished by the assistants during these three
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OF THE EXPEDITION, XXxix
months. The winter of 1850 had convinced me that with so small a corps it would be impossi-
ble to sweep all the space between onr zenith and pole, and I had limited the upper zone at
declination — 65° 50'. As soon as the map was filled, showing that all the space south of that
parallel had been once swept, they employed the remaining nights in re-observing doubtful
spaces when individual measurements or magnitudes were marked for such revision— each of
them not unfrequently making a series on the same night. Winter as it was, on 57 nights,
between May 29th and September 9th, above 5,000 stars were observed, clouds obscuring those
remaining of the preconcerted term. Too much praise cannot be given these gentlemen for the
capability, zeal, and assiduity manifested in the laborious duties undertaken. Trials of patience
and hours of physical discomfort were inevitable concomitants of zone work with our circle, yet
there was no abbreviation of tasks partially self-imposed, and I boldly assert that few have ever
persevered more cheerfully under the continuous employment which unfavorable weather forced
on some months of our stay in Chile.
The observations for longitude, though not very numerous, probably give a very near approxi-
mation to the truth. There was no leisure to compute anticipated occultations for ourselves,
and the Nautical Almanac tables were not reliable. Moreover, neither the zone work nor the
differentials with Mars and Yenus could be interrupted for the observation of occultations or
moon-culminations. When the latter were not interfered with, every star predicted in the
almanac as liable to occultation was looked for at the proper time ; but there was more than
one occasion when no occultation occurred, although the ephemeris made it nearly central in
that parallel, and thus the list embraces only forty-four occultations— one hundred and seven-
teen moon-culminations. On the 5th of January, 1852, there was witnessed the very rare occur-
rence of a double occultation of j; Geminorum. There are several lofty mountains with deep
intervening valleys on the southern hemisphere of the moon. These become very conspicuous
when the moon is far north, and in our note-books it was essential to record whether the zenith
distance of the summits or that of the circular line of the disc was observed. On this occa-
sion, ^ Geminorum remained 2m. 36.45. behind the first mountain, was 36.95. traversing the
valley between it and the proximate peak, and finally emerged 4m. 05.85. after the first dis-
appearance.
The first contact of the moon^s limb with the sun at the solar eclipse June 17, 1852, was hid-
den from us by clouds; but as the differences of their diameters were measured at transit over
the meridian, and the end of the phenomenon was observed, these will add to the reliable data
bearing on the determination of our longitude.
The meridional distance between the observatory on Santa Lucia and that of Mr. Mouatt, in
Valparaiso, was ascertained by exchanging telegraphic signals, for which purpose the operators
kindly placed the line at my disposal a few nights before I finally embarked from Valparaiso.
Every precaution was taken by Lieut. MacKae at Santiago, and myself at Valparaiso, to insure
an accurate result, and the mean of 100 signals— 50 each way— showed the difference of longi-
tude to be 3m. 56.51^., with a probable error of ± 0.0215.
For the reason respecting occultations and moon-culminations given in the preceding para-
graph, meridian planetary observations, except of Mars and Venus, are also few in number.
Neptune, the planet to whose orbit our late able countryman Prof. S. C. Walker had devoted so
much labor with such distinguished success, was followed at opposition whenever the zones
would permit ; but this was the only one.
A complete set of portable magnetical instruments was made under the direction of Colonel
Sabine, K. A., by Jones and Barrow, of London. This embraced a declinometer, a unifilar
magnetometer, with a separate vibration apparatus and a dip-circle, with reading microscopes,
all which instruments are described in a volume by Captain Eiddle, E. A., published by
authority of the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty, and are noticed more at length in the
appropriate volume (Vol. 6) of our work. Finding that the rock of Santa Lucia strongly influ-
enced the magnets, as the iron bars of our windows were too near for absolute determinations
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x] ORIGIN AND OPERATIONS
on our own premises, the proprietor of an extensive garden in tlie immediate vicinity very
kindly permitted its use. On the Ist, 11th, and term-days of each month, observations were
made there for the total horizontal force ; the inclination was observed on the first two days,
and the declination on that last named. When either the 1st or 11th fell on Sunday, the ob-
servations were made on the following day. On the term-day the changes of the declination
also were noted at short intervals, extending through 24 hours. These last observations were
under charge of Mr. Smith, who was occasionally aided by the Chilean students of astronomy.
Those for absolute elements during the first year were made by Lieut. MacKae and myself;
subsequently, the declinometer and dip circle were given up to Mr. Phelps.
The meteorological instruments comprise a barometer of Hassler's construction, having an
internal diameter of six tenths of an inch ; standard thermometers by Troughton & Simms
and Jones ; self-register thermometers by the former artists, and a psychrometer by Bunten.
The Eeaumur scale of the last is divided on paper^ and enclosed in a glass cylinder surrounding
the tube, to which its lower extremity is joined by fusion. By the capillary action of a linen
cord^ one of the bulbs was constantly supplied with water from a bird-glass. Some time after
the observations commenced, a spirit-register thermometer, divided on the tube to single de-
grees, was converted into a minimum wet-bulb, to which moisture was conveyed in a similar
manner as to the preceding. The barometer was suspended in a corner of the office-room; all
the others within boxes open at bottom, and u.nder the adjoining balcony on the south side of
the house. Observations were commenced in November, 1849, and, during the first year, were
continued throughout the day and night at intervals of three hours. Afterwards, the journal
was placed wholly under the charge of Mr. Smith, and the 3 A. m. observations were necessarily
omitted. Besides these tri-hourly records, there were hourly notations on the meteorological
term-day of each month, omitting the hours from 1 to 5 A. m., both inclusive, when Mr. Smith
was the only observer. The journal closes with September 13, 1852.
Among the interesting notes with which it abounds, are those relating to the frequent earth-
quakes experienced. A general summary of these, together with such deductions as it was
possible to draw from observations, which the phenomena themselves almost incapacitate one
from recording properly, have been given in Chapter IV, Vol. 1, and allusion is made to
them here only because of their constant influences on the adjustments of our astronomical
instruments. At other observatories, the astronomer either finds the level, zenith-point, and
azimuth of his meridian instruments almost unchanged during weeks and months, or they are
subject to deviations following some general law of which the records of his meteorological
journal afford him satisfactory exponents, and his adjusting screws may remain untouched.
We dared not rely on ihe permanence of ours from the commencement to the close of a single
series of observations; for, besides the shocks that vibrated walls, whose warning or accompa-
nying rumble started us into attention, there were an infinity of others to which man is physi-
cally insensible, but whose occurrences were quite plainly indicated by disturbances of the meri-
dian circle and clock. Multiplying work of a certain character, as these imperatively did, there
was less time for more interesting observations, and the verifications became greatly more
laborious. How excessive these disturbances were, may be judged of from the fact that the
earthquakes of one day retarded the clock 11^5., and changed the azimuth of the circle piers 5'.
Our work in Chile was completed. Dr. Moesta had taken charge of the National Observa-
TOEY on the 14th September; our original observations had been packed to go round Cape Horn,
and the copy remained to accompany me across Panama ; very cordial acknowledgments had
been tendered to the government for its unremitting courtesy, consideration, and assistance; a
most complimentary letter of leave had been received in reply, and there remained but to order
the assistants to the United States before embarking myself. The route of Lieut. MacRae had
been a subject of thought for some time. There was an interesting question in magnetism to
be solved, and many years might elapse before another equally favorable opportunity would
occur ; the geography and meteorology of the region he would traverse for these observations
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OP THE EXPEDITION. ^Jj
were almost unknown, and of themselves merited a special journey; I therefore determined to
place suitable instruments in his charge, and to direct him to proceed home via the Uspallata
pass of the Andes, and the pampas of the Argentine republic. In addition to the magnetical
instruments, he was supplied with three pocket-chronometers; a sextant and an artificial hori-
zon; aBunten's and an aneroid barometer; thermometers, &c.; and his orders were as follows-
"_ It being considered of much interest to science that a series of magnetical and other obser-
vations should be made at various heights and across this continent, you will take charge of
the instruments selected for the purpose, and proceed to the United States, via the Uspallata
pass and Buenos Ayres. The successful prosecution of your expedition being dependent on the
transitable condition of the Andes, for which no definite period can be assigned, the time of
departure from Santiago is left to your discretion. On arriving at Buenos Ayres or Montevideo
should you ascertain that the United States can be reached more expeditiously by so doing you
are authorized to proceed to England in the mail steamer, in which case you will convey the
instruments to Woolwich and repeat the observations there also, for the purpose of ascertaining
what changes, if any, have taken place in the magnets since they were first examined by Ool
Sabine, K. A. And as there are facilities for determining the temperature co-efiicients of the
magnets at Woolwich which may not be so readily accessible at Washington, should you visit
England, it is desirable that these experiments should not be omitted.
"In the journey across the Andes and pampas of Buenos Ayres, the objects to which your
attention is especially directed are : 1st. The law of the decrease of magnetic intensity with
height. 2d. The measurement of zenith distances of celestial objects exceeding 90° with a
view to improving tables of refraction. 3d. Geographical information. 4th. Meteorology
" The height of the Uspallata pass being about 14,000 feet above the level of the sea it is
desirable that all the magnetical elements be determined at five nearly equi-distant elevations
both ascending to the Cumbre and descending towards Mendoza. At the summit, the observa-
tions for total intensity should be repeated, and at not less than two intervals of the deflecting
magnet. Here, also, you may have the best opportunity for observing zenith distances
Crossing the pampas, the magnetical observations should be made, as nearly as practicable at
every hundred miles of longitude, or, assuming Mendoza to be in longitude 69° west of Green
wich, and Buenos Ayres in 58^°, there will be six stations between these two cities.
" Though it is not to be expected that you will have time to execute an elaborate map of any
great breadth of country, your chronometers and astronomical instruments will enable you to
locate with far greater accuracy than is now known, not only the stations you may select but
also the towns, rivers, and lakes near which you may pass. Whatever information you collect
cannot fail to be of the highest interest to geography, and your attention is particularly invited
to the lakes and rivers lying between Mendoza and Eio Quinto, just beyond San Luis. Have these
rivers and lakes outlets in the Parana, or are their waters lost in the sands of the pampas? It
IS possible that manuscript maps will be found at some of the cities you may visit of which it
may be permitted to make copies. '
"Nine A. M., and 3 p. ivi., being near the hours of maximum and minimum atmospheric pres-
sure, should be selected for meteorological observations whenever you are stationary These
better than any others, will enable us, when calculating the elevations of your stations to deter-
mine the corrections applicable to observations at other epochs. The temperature of dry and
wet thermometers, the direction and estimated strength of winds, and character of clouds will
occupy your attention also. To these, many notes may be added respecting the hours at which
the winds begin m the morning; the electrical state of the higher atmosphere; whether there
are strata of clouds moving in different directions above the Andes-facts that will throw li-ht
on the meteorology of a region almost if not quite as little known to us as is its magnetfcal
condition. °
"Baron Humboldt has desired to be informed whether the snow on the mountains is of a
'glowing red' color about sunset and sunrise, as he had often observed it on the Alps and the
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Xlii ORiaiN AND OPERATIONS OF THE EXPEDITION.
Himalaya cliains at those periods. From this side of the Andes we have not unfrequently wit-
nessed such color ahout sunset, and your journey will aiford opportunities to ascertain whether
the phenomenon is ohservaWe in the morning. Conversations with intelligent Argentines give
reason to helieve that there are periods when the atmosphere is in such a condition about sunrise
as will reflect the red rays from lofty mountain tops to observers on the plain _
''Any information you can collect respecting the populations through which you pass; their
resources, both agricultural and mineral ; their manufactures and commerce with other towns of
the republic; the number of births and deaths; the condition of morals, diseases, and crimes-
all will give additional interest to your report. _ ,.,...
"In a service of the nature on which you are about to set out, of necessity, much is left to
your discretion. Your ability and zeal in behalf of the Expedition, and the service to which
we belong, afford every confidence that the duty will be executed with credit to yourself and
the navy At its completion, proceed to Washington and report to me, furnishmg, as shortly
thereafter as may be practicable, a detailed narrative, which will be presented with my report
to the honorable Secretary of the Navy. . . r^ w ^ic.;r,^
-Six hundred dollars are furnished you for travelling expenses, and a draft on Messrs. Baring
Brothers for £100, equal to |484, on account of your pay from 1st of October proximo, inclu-
sive Of the former you will keep an exact account, taking vouchers whenever it is possible to
obtain them, to be returned in the settlement of your account at the office of the lourth
A n (i 1 ir^T
" Wishing you a pleasant journey, and early re-union with the other members of the Expe-
'^^ Lieuten^t MacEae returned to the United States in April, 1853. Having been tl^^own from
his mule shortly after leaving Mendoza, his barometer was broken, and it was feared that the
rates of his chronometers were so disturbed as might throw doubt on the longitudes of the mag-
netical stations selected on the great pampa. Most laudably and earnestly desirous to perfect
his work, he immediately volunteered to return at his own cost; and being permitted to do so by
the honorable Secretary of the Navy, he sailed for Buenos Ayres m August crossed both the
PortiUo and Uspallata passes, and finally arrived at Washington m March, 1854. His report
has been given at length in Vol. 2.
It will be remembered that the programme of the Expedition proposed a collection of objects
in natural history. Unfortunately, our party was so small that no member of it could be spared
from the more pressing duties of the mission. Nevertheless, through friends, and by purchase,
quite a large proportion of the native birds and minerals, together with some of the mammals,
fish, reptiles, shells, fossils, botany, and Indian antiquities, were brought home by me. Many
of the mineralogical specimens are of rare interest and value. Plants, bulbs, and seeds were
also forwarded to the government establishment at Washington every few months of our resi-
dence abroad, and many of them of a useful and ornamental character, wholly new m the
United States, are now thriving. Such of the objects as were new to science have been well
figured, and are described by eminent gentlemen selected by the Smithsonian Insti ution, which
very considerately consented to direct their elaboration. The names of the naturalists prefixed
to the several appendices of Vol. 2, are satisfactory evidences that none could have performed
more ably the duties with which they had been intrusted. _ _
Duty having constantly confined Mr. Smith to Santiago, or its immediate vicmity, he ^^^s
unwilling to return to the United States without having seen something more of Chi e. Me
therefore resigned his appointment, and proceeded to the southern provinces, where he had an
opportunity to learn more of the Araucanians than has probably ever been permitted to an in-
telligent white man. We parted from him with regret. Mr. Phelps and myself embarked at
Valparaiso October 1, and after a detention of fourteen days on the isthmus of Panama, reached
New York iust thirty-nine months after I had left that city.
w ...T i«^l J- M. GILLISS.
Washington, 1854.
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OBSERVATIONS
THE PLAIETS MARS AID VEIUS,
CEETAIJST PRE-SELECTED STARS NEAR THEIR APPARENT PATHS:
1849-'52.
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MARS AND VEIUS.
SANTIAGO OESEUVATIONS.
INTROBTJCTIOK
DESCRIPTION OP THE OBSERVATORY.
The rotary observatory of the astronomical expedition occupied a terrace constructed 175 feet
above the streets of Santiago, and on the northern slope of Santa Lucia. Its elevation above
thesea is 1 940 feet The terrace was formed partially by breaking down crags of the rock com-
posing the hill and partially by building a dry wall thirty feet high, upon a projecting ledge
from the west side Between the wall and slope of the hill, the space-perhaps six feet wide at
top-was_ filled with fragments of porphyry and loose earth, to which solidity was given bv
pouring m water during the progress of the work. An artificial surface was gained by these
operations forty feet m extent from east to west, and twenty-five feet wide from north to south
As this terrace IS nearly ten feet more elevated than that on which the observatory buildino- for
the meridian circle is erected, a flight of steps was made from one to the other by usin/the
columnar strata of the hill. The rotary observatory occupies the western side of its terrace
with only a narrow pathway between it and the face of the artificial wall
two and a half feet high, there are secured four capping-stones of red porphyry that form an
octagon seven inches thick and inscribed in a circle 6.5 feet in diameter No single stone
of such dimensions could have been quarried by the artisans of Santiago, and if obtainable
could not have been raised to the observatory without sending to Valparaiso for machinery'
The base of the masonry was the native rock, and the bed and joints of the cap-stone were
filled in with a grouting of hydraulic lime. A foundation of masonry, fifteen feet in diameter
and rather more than a foot in height above the surface, was built on the rock, in situZr-
rounding the pier, to receive the sill of the observatory.
The sill formed from circular segments of one and a half inch plank, five and a half feet
long, IS put together so as to break joints, and rests immediately on wedges laid on the masonry
diametrically A grooved cast-iron rail is secured by screw-bolts and nuts near the centre of
Its upper surface, and the level of the sill is perfected by means of the wedges. The curb is
formed in the same manner, but of rather stronger wood, and it is rendered more inflexible by
the raanner in which the corresponding grooved rail is secured to its under side It rests on
SIX 24-pounder cannon balls. Both the curb and sill are composed of two thicknesses of plank
The frame-work of the ouilding, supported on the former, is of light and well-seasoned yellow
pme and the weather-boards are of white pine, tongued and grooved together, and fastened to
the frame by screws. The height to the eaves is eight feet. The roof is a cone, having for its
apex a tin cap, hung by one edge on long hinges, and which, when closed, laps two inches over
the wood-work all round. The aperture covered by the cap is two feet in diameter ; the width
of the door m the inclined roof twenty inches. An upright, that passes through the roof and
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Xlvi INTRODUCTION TO THE
is bolted to one of the rafters, serves as a leader for the pulley to elevate the cap. This may
be thrown beyond the vertical , if necessary, and a single cord fastened to the strengthening-
bars of tin across its base, serves to pull it down after the inclined door has been first closed.
Although of like materials and construction as the weather-boarding, a canvass cover was accu-
rately fitted to the roof for additional security. This was drawn tightly over the planks, and
when securely nailed down and painted, the portion obstructing the door-way was cut away.
There is a small window opposite the door of entrance.
The foundation-wall was sufficiently wide to support the ends of the floor-joists, also. These
timbers were framed entirely free of the masonry-pier in the centre, and were of such width
that the floor was on a level with the upper surface of the curb. To prevent the building from
wabbling, there are three horizontal, equi-distant, and adjustable rollers secured to the joists,
the space between them and the curb not exceeding one-fourth of an inch.
The building was first erected at Washington, and its several portions carefully numbered
before taken down for transportation. As it was extremely light, no machinery was required
to turn it, slight pressure by the hand being quite sufficient to move it in either direction.
Altogether, it may be ranked among the most economical and easily-managed rotary observa-
tories ever built.
THE EQUATORIAL.
The equatorial telescope was made by Mr. William J. Young, of Philadelphia ; its object-
glass, from French materials, by Henry Fitz, jr., of New York; and its micrometer by Mr.
William Wiirdeman, at Washington. As will be seen in the opposite plate, the construction of
its stand is that devised by Frauenhofer, and since so successfully built by Messrs. Merz & Mahler
for observatories in many parts of the world. The diameter of its object-glass is 6.4 French
inches, with a focal length of 103.7 inches. Its polar and declination axes are frustums of steel
cones, the former twenty-one and a half inches long, with diameters of two and a half and one
and three quarters inches at its two extremities, and the latter twenty-two inches long by three
and a half and two and a half inches diameter, respectively.
The hour-circle, with a diameter of nine and a half inches, is divided on a band of inlaid
silver into spaces each of four minutes of time, which are read by two opposite verniers to four
seconds, and by estimation may be easily subdivided to one second. The declination-circle has
a diameter of twelve and a half inches, divided, also on a silver band, into spaces of ten minutes
of arc, divisible by two verniers into ten seconds. It is numbered from 0° to 360°, and reads 0°
when the telescope, pointed to the equator, is on the west side of the stand. The finder has an
object-glass, 1.75 inch in diameter, with a focal length of eighteen inches. This latter object-
glass and the eye-pieces to the micrometer are somewhat imperfect, and there is some little play
to the declination axis; but, except these defects, the instrument is admirably constructed.
The supporting-stand is of solid and well-seasoned black walnut, dried in a kiln for more
effectual security against shrinkage in the dry summer atmosphere of Chile. It rests on four
heavy steel screws, by means of which the adjustments for polar elevation and transverse level
may be eff'ected. The azimuth is controlled by horizontal screws, working through iron clamps
let into and firmly fastened to the pier at the two meridional foot-screws. A driving-clock is
fitted to the instrument ; but dust accumulated so rapidly in summer, that its use was never
attempted after the first few nights.
The repeating-micrometer has a divided circle of four inches diameter, which may be read
by one vernier to 30^^ Constructed on the English plan, its counting-scale is within the box,
each five teeth of the comb being separated by a deep indentation. It has five permanent
transit-wires, and two parallel movable wires perpendicular thereto. One of the latter is pro-
vided with a register-head, divided into one hundred equal parts ; the other is only a zero-wire.
Its eye-lenses, with magnifying powers from one hundred and fifty to five hundred times, may
be moved parallel with the register-wire by means of a rack and pinion and dove-tailed slide.
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U.S.^.Aslr^Exji
THE EQUATOREAL.
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SANTIAGO OBSERVATIONS.
xlvii
For '^ dark-field" illumination there are two lamps suspended on gimbals, that throw light
through the small tubes seen on the plate in advance of the micrometer ; but there is no means
for illuminating the field. When unpacked, all the wires put in by the maker Avere found to
have been broken, and the most available material from which to insert a new system was an
exceedingly delicate and uniform fibre of unspun Chinese silk.
From the 6th of December, when the instrument was fully mounted, to the evening of the
10th, was passed in becoming familiar with its peculiarities, and bringing it into approximate
adjustment, correcting its errors one by one to nearly minimum amounts. It is unnecessary to
transcribe the observations made during the several approximations, but only those which were
just prior to commencing the appointed series of difi'erentials. After the observations of Decem-
ber 10th, none of the screws were ever disturbed.
Observations to determine the 2Jositicn of the Instrument.
1849,
Dec. 10
1850.
Oct. 18
1851.
Dec. 16
1852.
May 29
Dec.
circle.
E.
W.
E.
V^.
E.
E.
W.
W.
E.
VV,
E.
W,
W.
E.
VV,
E.
E.
VV.
a Eridani
a Pavonis
a Ceti
I Argus
/? Aquarii
(3 Tri. Aust.
y Hydri .
>f Argus .
13 Orionis
a' Crucjs
a Argus .
a' Crucis
h. m. s.
1 30 2.3
1 42 17,0
2 13 41.4
2 25 18.9
2 35 23.0
2 39 43.6
2 45 46.7
3 11 54.0
21 8 7.1
21 20 39.7
21 59 48.2
22 14 7.3
4 38 6,4
5 4 29.8
5 12 25.0
12 11 7.6
12 21 20.5
12 26 30.4
Hour circle
Dec. circle
h, ■III s.
II 57 54
13 10 10
6
11 30 52
11 40 56
11 45 17
11 51 20
6 1 12
23 42 49
23 55 26
6 16 18
6 24 23
6
11 56
3 55
28,170
57 58 35
302 1
302 46 50
3 29 50
356 30 30
356 30 30
3 30
58 40
6 15 30
353 45
297 2 25
74 42
58 54 30 I
8 23 30
351 37 10 I 28.040
11 52 62 17 20
6 307 22
7 24 297 43 20
28-1.50
Temp.
Let d and cV represent the readings of the declination-circle, d when that circle is to the east
of the stand; t and t^ the times of observation, t when the declination-circle is east; h and //
the corresponding hour-circle readings; tt the polar distance of the star observed, e its refraction
in altitude, and ^' its refraction in polar distance: then, if we call the index-error of the decli-
nation-circle e, the coUimation- error of the telescope c, the vertical error of the polar axis x^
and its azimuthal error y;
6i=i(cZ+(i^ — 360°);
c=l^ (t—t')—Qi—h') j;
when the star is in the meridian,
xzzzd -\- e -{- ^ — 71 ]
and when the star is six hours from the meridian,
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xlviii
INTRODUCTION TO THE
Applying these formulas to the preceding observations^ the instrumental deviations at the
successive dates were as follows :
Instrumental deviations.
Date.
e.
c.
a'.
..
1849.
II
//
.
//
Dec. 10
12.5 W.
+ 0.0
+ 44 = 5
-63.7
1850.
Oct. 18
15.0 E.
+ 32.85
— 82.9
— 1.6
1851.
Dec. 16
20.0 E.
- 1.50
— 4.2
+ 73.0
1852.
May 29
20.0 E.
+ 4.20
— 32.2
— 49.0
These results show that the deviations of the equatorial could have no appreciable influence
on observations made as were the differential measures with the planets Mars and Venus.
Value of the Micrometer Screio.
To determine the value of the micrometer-screw, transits of /9 Hydri were observed over the
index and micrometer wires, placed at intervals of five, ten, and twenty revolutions apart.
They gave the following results at different periods :
Date.
Star.
No. of
revolutions.
No. of
observations.
Mean of the
times.
Equatorial
interval.
Value of one
revolution.
1849.
s.
//
//
Dec. 13
/? Hydri . . .
10
10
62.800
194.130
19.413
do ...
20
10
125.650
388.415
19.421
1850.
Feb. 1
do ...
10
10
63.030
194.934
19.493
do ...
10
10
63.110
195.120
19.512
do ...
5
JO
31.685
97.962
19.592
1851.
Mar. 14
do ...
10
10
62.820
194.366
19.437
20
do ...
10
20
63. 040
195.057
19.506
1852.
Mar. 16
do ...
10
20
62.765
194.550
19.455
19
do ...
10
20
52.860
194.587
19.4.59
do ...
5
20
31.435
97.309
19.466
June 2
do . . .
10
20
63.175
195.944
19.594
The value adopted for the reduction of observations is
19^'.49.
The diameter of the micrometer-wires was first ascertained by turning the telescope towards
clear sky during day-light, and bringing the movable wire in. contact with the index-wire alter-
nately on each of its sides. Under a magnifying power of 235, the index-wire appears some
what the greater of the two, but they formed part of the same fibre, and the difference between
them could not be detected when superposed. A mean of ten measures by day-light gave for the
diameter of the two 2'^504^ or, on the assumption of equality, each wire had a diameter of ^^252.
Observations by lamp-light, however, give a very different result. Thirty measures, made at
different periods, show that the effect of the lamps is to increase the apparent diameters from
^^252 to 2^M99. In the reduction of all observations after lamp-light, the diameter adopted is
2'^20.
Frequent occasions occurred, during the progress of the adjustments, to test the optical
capacity of the instrument. The first object viewed with it was the planet Saturn ; and though
twilight had scarcely closed in, five of the satellites, the shadows of the rings, and dark inte-
rior spaces, were admirably shown under a magnifying power of 235 times. The sixth star of
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SANTIAGO OBSEEYATIONS.
XilX
the trapezium in the sword-handle of Orion was distinctly seen whenever sought at rea^ -nable
altitudes; it separated unequal and close double stars, as a Octantis, with great precis. jn and
sharpness, and defined the millions in the gorgeous cluster surrounding 47 Tucan^ wdth won-
derful effect. An aggregation of star-dust, as appears this most extraordinary object, a power
of 235 almost separates each brilliant particle from the rest.
LATITUDE.
Twelve hundred and sixty observations have been discussed for the latitude of the meridian
circle, from which only nine observations of the twenty-two selected stars have been excluded,
and on each of these occasions there is doubt of the true circle-reading:.
Bessers refractions, as constructed by Professor Coffin, U. S. N,, for the Washington Obser-
vatory, have been used in the computations. A special table for barometric corrections, ren-
dered necessary by the elevation of the observatory above the sea level, has been so formed
that all the logarithms remain positive on subtracting .02306 from Log. K of Table II.
All the observations were reduced to mean places of the stars January 1st, 1851, and tha
declinations at that date have been derived from the British Nautical Almanac for 1858, by
application of the annual variation in declination during 1 years.
From quick moving stars.
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
Zen. dist.
Adopted mean
decimation.
a ColumbcB
a Piscis Aust.
£ Canis Maj.
a Scorpii .
15 Argus
Corvi
/3 Ceti . .
a Virginis .
01 Ceti . .
a Eridani .
/y Ononis .
I Argus
a Hydras
a Ceti .
/? Leonis .
6 Leonis .
P Geminor.
/? Tauri .
S.
N.
N.
N.
N.
43
3 2
4 40
7 21
9 34
N. 10 52
N. 14 38
N. 23 3
N. 24 28
S. 24 34
N. 25 3
S. 25 12
N. 25 25
N. 36 56
N. 48 51
N. 54 47
N. 61 49
N. 61 55
—34
30
28
26
23
22
18
10
8
57
8
58
— 8
+ 3
15
21
28
+28
9 22.28
24 38.54
46 22.38
5 47.43
52 40.46
34 20.09
48 19.54
22 55.48
57 13.84
59 41.72
22 40.70
39 3.69
55.51
30 6.84
24 17.17
20 20.88
22 52.83
28 33.90
No. of ob-
servat'ns.
Resulting latitude,
56
41
62
92
67
37
29
39
34
46
14
79
71
45
38
48
51
31
Probable error.:
33 26 24.88
25.87
25.29
25.56
25.03
26.26
25.40
24.46
25.33
24.66
24.49
23.45
25.02
25.87
25.00
24.93
25.92
24.14
iO.243
.257
.234
.160
.359
.246
.252
.232
.264
.227
.523
.178
.193
.237
.246
.199
.216
.406
No recent observations appear to have been accessible from which to correct the mean places
of a Eridani and ( Argus subsequent to the publication of the Nautical Almanac for 1851,
(in 1847,) and as one certainly is, and the other may, very probably, be in error, they have
not been incorporated in the mean. Q-iving to each of the other stars weight proportionate to
the number of observations, the latitude resulting would be S. 33° 26' 25'^2T with a probable
error of zt:0''.04-2.
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INTRODUCTION TO THE
From circumpolar stars.
No.
Star.
Zen. clist.
No. of ob-
servat'ns.
Resulting lati-
tude.
Probable
error.
u. c. r
° 1
55 50
47
o / //
//
1
a Octantis . .
33 26 25.95
±0.212
L. 0. 1
57 17
32
u. c. r
44 40
39
2
/? Hydri
26.18
.206
1.. c.
68 27
42
u. c. r
45 02
56
3
P ChamE& , .
• • •]
68 05
19
25.88
.196
L.C. i
u. c. r
35 18
112
4
a Tri. Aust. .
L. C. ^
77 49
24
25.55
.125
As these are wholly independent of tabular places, preference is given to the latitude resulting
from them, though differing in excess from the determination by quiet moving stars more than
half a second of are. Combining the four partial determinations of circumpolar stars by
weights derived from the sum of the numbers of observations at each culmination by their
product, the adopted latitude is ^
— 3B 26' 25^^89,
and comparing each, of the observations with this, the probable error, by the method of least
squares is ±0^^0866.
The equatorial is 53| feet to the soutb of tbe meridian circle,
LONGITUDE.
The longitude of the circle computed by Mr. S. L. Phelps, from moon culminations and
occultations observed during the same period is as follows,* the corrections to the moon^s tabular
place, referred to in both series, having been computed by the methods given by Professor Benj.
Pierce in the Annual Report on the progress of the United States Coast Survey for 1854, pp.
115*-^120.
The equatorial is 16 feet to the west of the meridian circle.
Longitude from corresponding moon culminations.
Moon's first limb.
Moon's
second limb.
Observed at
No. ftf ob-
servat'ns.
Resulting longi-
tude.
Probable
error.
No. of ob-
servat'ns.
Resulting longi-
tude.
Probable
error.
Adopted longitude
of station.
18
22
29
^2
27
17
23
9
5
h. m. s.
4 42 35.44
32.51
32.45
32.81
33.85
33.18
33.90
35.73
37.94
s.
±1.71
1.25
1.05
0.93
1.58
1.77
1.51
2.22
6.96
10
8
20
5
5
1
h. m. s.
4 42 32.73
32.25
32.85
34.89
35.06
39.21
s.
±2.64
3.42
3.12
4.72
5.59
h. m. s.
— 39 54.10
— 22.75
.00
.00'
-1- 5 2.60
4 44 30.66
5 38.56
5 8 12.20
±5 19 45.00
Greenwich, (moon's cor. tab
places) . . .
PhilnHplnhia . <.
Phirloetnn ^S C "^ . .....
Long, by weight ..,,,,.
162
4 42 33.91
49
4 42 33.27
Longitude from moon culminations . , .
. . . 4h.4i
im. 33s,74±(
)s.993..
A pubUo acknowledgmeut is due to the Astronomer Royal, a. B Airy, esq.; Professor Challis, Cambridge, (Englaiid ;)
M. J. Johnson, esq., Radcliffe astronomer, and Professors Bache and Bond for their prompt courtesy in commnnicatiDg
observations of moon culminations in advance of publication, and to Lieutenant M. F. Maury, Superintendent United States
Naval Observatory, for the apparent places of the group of stars preceding x ^ Orionis, which Mr. James Ferguson deter-
mined by mlcrometrical differentiation § with the latter star.
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SANTIAGO OBSERVATIONS.
Longitude from occultations.
li
Date.
1850
Mar. 20
May 14
Nov. 8
19
1851.
Jan. 13
17
May
July 9
Nov. 14
Dec. 4
1852.
Feb. 27
April
May
June
* Orionis
* Orionis .
* Orionis .
* Orionis .
* Orionis .
* Orionis .
X^ Orionis
%3 Orionis
Bessel
B. A. C. .
B. A. C. .
6^ Tauri .
J3 Tauri .
346
2084
. 6550
6'- Tauri
J5 Tauri
B. A. C.
B. A. C.
B. A. C.
B. A. C.
6179
5573
3017
672
£ Tauri .
tl Librffi .
^ Ophiuchi
58 Ophiuchi
i/i Sagittarii
Sid. time of
observation.
Im.
[m.
Im.
Im.
Im.
Im.
Im.
Em.
Im.
Im.
Im.
Im.
Im.
Im.
Im.
Im.
Im.
Em.
Im.
Im.
Im.
Im.
h. m. s.
7 20 23.79
21 1.79
27 53.28
53 59.87
8 4 20.75
47 35 60
9 40 47.79
10 7 56.93
10 24 20.91
10 55 28.11
2 29.77
4 58 9.26
6 17 45.48
5 3 43.25
6 45 24.91
12 35 57.46
15 39 18.28
5 32 35.42
2 31 38.06
6 45 42.72
13 48 36.49
17 49 22.42
13 21 0.23
18 34 36.78
Star's R. A.
Star's declina-
tion.
h. m. s.
5 51 8.74
15.23
23.44
52 1.54
27.61
53 46.85
55 0.74
5 54 34.71
6 17 53.98
6 19 0.68
19 58.27
4 14 20.77
4 16 52.51
4 14 21.02
4 16 52.72
18 6 21.11
16 32 41.96
8 45 25.62
2 3 32.40
4 19 58.19
15 35 46.23
17 12 9.44
17 34 35.40
18 45 15.43
-f-20 3 23.8
19 58 27.2
20 2 17.3
• 19 48 0.5
19 52 27.9
19 55 38.3
20 8 4.3
19 41 8.8
20 30 57.5
+20 34 42.5
—20 2 7.5
-f 17 11 13.6
17 34 54.3
17 11 12.9
+17 34 53.4
—20 45 54.8
—17 45 47.0
+20 31 25.5
7 52 24.9
+ 18 50 47.2
—15 11 51.4
20 56 54.8
21 36 19.3
—22 55 14.4
Computed
correction lo
moon's place
-0.29
0.29
0.29
0.29
0.29
0.29
0.29
0,29
0.87
0.87
1.25
1.22
1.22
0.70
0.70
0.39
0.33
0.82
0.60
0.23
0.34
0.69
0.70
-0.62
Resulting lon-
gitude.
h. m. s.
4 42 40.32
22.58
44.34
32.21
37.66
45.32
33.58
20.86
38.46
23.15
31.32
36.55
39.52
32.86
34.38
34.28
28.96
28.49
38.26
25.08
40.67
32.64
38.32
4 42 40.05
Longitude from occultations
4h. 42ra. 34s. 16
Probable error .
. +0S.922
Making each result from occultation equivalent to two from moon culminations, and then
combining the partial determinations by the two methods with weights proportioned to their
respective numbers^ we have for the adopted longitude of Santiago west of G-reenwich
4h 42-^ 33S.81.
DOFEEENTIAL OBSERVATIONS.
MODE OF OBJSERVINa.
A siderial chronometer was used in the differential observations. It was compared with the
clock immediately before or after the series, though more frequently after the series for the
evening was completed.
When the lamps were lighted, and the amount of illumination properly diminished, the
telescope was directed approximately to the place of the planet, its declination circle clamped,
and the relative place of the proper comparing star ascertained by inspection of the map and
ephemeris. The instrument was then moved by the slow motion screws so that each object
should pass equidistant from the centre of the field. Moving the micrometer screw so that its
wire would nearly coincide with the object first in right ascension, the telescope was then turned
to the west by the tangent screw to the hour circle until the first object to be observed was just
without the field. It remained immoveable in this position until the transits and difference of
declination of the two had been recorded, after which^ it was again thrown to the west, and so
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INTRODUCTION TO THE
continuedly until the work for the night terminated. Except in cases where the two objects
were so near in right ascension, or the space through which it was necessary to turn the
screw was so great that one reading was, of necessity, after the second object had passed that
wire, the difference of declination was measured by two independent readings of the micro-
meter when bisecting the star or tangent to the limb of the planet at transit over the middle
wire. The observation was always perfected by turning the micrometer in the order of the
number on its divided head and which was against the spring within the box. On one or,
perhaps, two occasions this space was so great and the difference of right ascension so little, that
it was indispensable to use both the slow motion screw of the declination circle and the
micrometer. As would be inferred, these observations are not at all satisfactory.
To eliminate errors of irradiation and assumed semi-diameters, on all possible occasions the
consecutive observations were of opposite limbs of the planet.
EXPLANATION OF THE PRINTED OBSERVATIONS.
Ohservations with the equatorial.
The printed observations, pages 2—305, require very little explanation.
The first column of each page contains the numbers for reference, with occasional ittilic
letters, a, 6, c, &g., indicating a note in the remarks accompanying each night's observations.
The second column contains the name of the planet, and the catalogue from which the com-
paring star has been selected. N.P ; N.F ; S.P ; S.F, designate the limbs of the former ;
Eumker, 1673, refers to his ^^Mittlere Oerter von 12.000 Fix-Sternen ;'' Bessel, 405, refers to
the 405th zone of Bessel ; H.O. to the '' Histoire Celeste'' of Lalande ; and W. C, to unpub-
lished observations of the Washington Catalogue.
The five following columns contain the seconds of observation over the five wires of the equa-
torial, and the eighth column, the mean of these times. Broken observations have been reduced
by means of the following equatorial intervals multiplied by the Secant of the declination of the
object. The intervals were deduced from 100 transits of comparison stars.
Equatorial intervals.
From December
10, 1849, to
January 31, 1850.
From October
19,] 850, to
Feb'rylO, 1851.
From December
16, 1851, to
January 1, 1852.
From January
1 to September
13, 1852.
A.
s.
4-23.690
4-11.801
— 0.025
-12.013
-23.429
s.
4-23.687
4-11.829
— 0.002
—11,818
—23.743
4-23.705
4-11.797
— 0.098
—11.756
-23.553
4-23.552
4-11.778
— 0.022
—11.756
-23.553
B.
C ....
D
E .......
Column 9 contains the distance of the limb of the planet or star from the stationary horizontal
wire expressed in revolutions of the micrometer head. In both series of observations on Mars,
and in the first Yenus series + signifies that the moveable wire is to the north of the stationary
wire and vice versa. Prior to the second Venus series the micrometer was turned 180^^, so that
throughout these observations the symbols have the opposite signification.
Column 10 contains the difference of right ascension between the planet's observed limb and the
star, at transit of the former over the imaginary central wire of the system.
Column 11 contains their difference of declination expressed in revolutions of the micrometer,
+ signifying that the planet is to the north of the star, and vice versa.
Columns 12 13 and 14 contain the barometer and thermometer readings usually noted at
the commencement and close of the observations.
Remarks respecting the condition of the atmosphere or other influence likely to affect the
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SANTIAGO OBSERVATIONS. liii
work follow each night's observations, and then the results derivable prior to a final discussion
of the series. These latter embrace the means of all the observations of each limb of the planet
combined in groups according to the periods of time through which they extend ; the chrono-
meter corrections and true siderial times of observation at Santiago, and, finally, the diameters
deduced from the transits and micrometrical measures. In the latter, the variation of the
1 ,, c Declination, )
pianet s ; ^-^^ ascension \ ^^^^^S' ^'^'^^ interval between the means of the times of observation
of the two limbs has been computed from the '' variation of \ ^^^^^^ ascension, ) ^^ ^^^ ^^^^^^_
( Declination, )
of longitude'' given in the Nautical Almanac.
Finally, to facilitate comparison with corresponding observations at other stations, the differ-
ential refraction {Ap) for each of the means of the times has been computed from the formuli^ in
Vol. I, Bessers Untersuchungen.
' Sin^ (N + ^;)
Tan N i= Cos t^ cot <p ^ — Latitude,
Sin M 1= Sin r, cos P t^ = Hour angle,
Cos Z = Cos M sin (N+^J ^^ — Declination,
Z = Zenith distance ;
and to this end, special tables applicable to each series were calculated, in which the intervals
of the arguments r^ and J'^ were respectively 10"' and 10^
All the observations were made by myself, except those duly credited to Lieutenant MacKae,
between the 12th and 17th of December, 1849. The most usual magnifying power was 150.
The transcripts and reduction of the Mars series, 1849-'50, and from February 28 to the
close of the series, in 1852, have been made by Lieutenant T. H. Patterson, U. S. N., from the
commencement to February 27, 1852, of the same planet, by Lieutenant Francis Winslow, U.
8. N. All the observations of Venus have been prepared for publication by Assistant Daniel G.
Major. The computations of Messrs Patterson and Winslow have been revised by Lieutenant
E, N. Stembel, U. S. N., and Assistant Major, and, to insure greater accuracy in this publica-
tion, the proof sheets have been compared with the original observations.
THE MERIDIAN CIRCLE AND ITS ADJUSTMENTS.
The observations at length, and a detailed description of the instrument with which they were
made, are given in Vol. IV. In pages 309-332 of the present volume there will be found only the
means of the times of transit over the wires, and the means of the microscope readings, together
with the corrections which have been applied for reduction of the observations to apparent right
ascensions and declinations.
The instrument consists of two minutely divided circles reading to half seconds of arc by four
micrometer microscopes supported by horizontal bearers enclosed in wood, and a telescope of
51 lines aperture, 73 inches focal length, and transverse axis 39 inches between the bearing
surfaces of its steel pivots.
The eye end of the telescope contains one horizontal and seven vertical stationary wires, and
two micrometer systems. One screw moves a single vertical wire, the other, seven horizontal
wires. A revolution of the latter screw equals 27'^93. The intervals of the systems (vertical and
horizontal) rather exceeds four minutes of arc, and the eye-piece may be moved in its dove-
tailed slides by racks and pinions until perpendicular to any desired wire. In addition to the
usual suite of magnifying lenses, a coUimating eye-piece accompanied the telescope.
For horizontal adjustment of the axis, there is a hanging level, whose glass tube, enclosed
within a cylinder of brass covered with cloth, is read through a glazed aperture in the upper
portion of the cylinder. One division of the tube equals I'M; the level hung within the
bearing points of the pivots.
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llV INTRODUCTION TO THE
The whole instrument was constructed in the most substantial yet highly finished manner by
Messrs. Pistor & Martins, at Berlin, and is mounted on massive piers of red porphyry, based
on the native rock.
Usually, all the adjustments were carefully examined both before and after each series of
observations. That for horizontolity of the axis, by not less than six readings in reversed
positions of the level ; \h.Q nadir point , hj reflection of the stationary horizontal wdre from a
basin of mercury ; the line of collimaiion, from the ascertained level error and distance between
4he central vertical w^ire and its image, as seen from the surface of mercury, and measured with
a micrometer screw ; and the azimuth, from the transits of fundamental stars of the Nautical
Almanac. The same pairs of stars in each series were observed quite uniformly through the
pre-appointed period.
Explanation of the printed observations.
Column 1 contains the number and letter for reference to the foot notes.
Column 2 contains the year and day.
Column 3 contains the name of the object observed. The names of the catalogues from which
the stars in this column have been selected are already given.
Column 4 contains the means of the transits over the several vertical wires The reduction
of broken observations to mean of wires has been performed by means of the equatorial
intervals adopted for the specific period given in the introduction to Volume IV.
Column 5 contains the instrumental corrections. These are the algebraic sums of the several
corrections for collimation, level, and azimuth, which will be found under the corresponding
date in Volume IV.
Column 6 contains the clock error, derived from fundamental stars of the Nautical Almanac,
brought forward to the date of observation by rates deduced from errors on the previous and
subsequent nights.
Column 7 contains the apparent right ascension of the limb of the planet and star as observed
at transit over the meridian of Santiago. The azimuth error has been deduced from the appa-
rent places of the observed stars given in the Nautical Almanac. But as the limited comparison
which it has been possible to institute conclusively satisfies me that many, if not all, of the
southern circumpolar star places must be corrected before the true instrumental errors will be
positively known, the right ascensions now given will, therefore, most probably differ from
those of the same objects that will be found in Volume IV.
Column 8 contains the mean of the four readings of the circle microscopes. When the object
was observed with a micrometer wire, the fact is stated in a foot note, and its distance from the
stationary wire or parallel of reference is given in revolutions of the micrometer head. In all
such cases the equivalent arc interval has been applied with the proper sign.
Column 9 contains the refraction. This has been computed from the constants given in
tables published as an appendix to the volume of Washington observations before mentioned.
Column 10 contains the nadir correction adopted for the special series from determinations
immediately preceding or following the observations.
Column 11 contains the semi-diameter of the planet as given in the Nautical Almanac.
Column 12 contains the observed apparent declination of the centre of the object at transit
over the meridian of Santiago. In the Mars series, when the difference of right ascension
between the planet and comparing star was too small to permit the circle micrometers to be
read in the interval of their transits, then the circle was clamped before the preceding object
came into the field, and the slow motion screw was turned until the stationary horizontal wire
accurately bisected the star, or was tangent to the planet's limb at the middle vertical wire, if
the latter preceded. When the second of the two objects entered, the micrometer screw carrying
the horizontal system was turned until the nearest wire bisected or was tangent to its limb in
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^SANTIAGO OBSERVATIONS.
1v
the centre of the field, and the corresponding reading was appropriately entered . The circle
was read after the transits of both objects had been recorded. In these cases, therefore, the
declinations are relative, and any accidental error in the circle reading is common to both
objects. There were no such differential measures of declination with the meridian circle
between the planet Venus and neighboring stars, nor was the circle permanently mounted
until after the termination of the first Mars series. When it was ready for use, the pre-selected
stars of that series were too near the sun for observation, and afterwards the zone work monopo-
lized It at the hours when they passed the meridian. Subsequently, Lieutenant Maury, Super-
intendent of the Washington Observatory, has, at my request, caused them to be observed,
together with the stars with which Yenus was compared near the two inferior conjunctions, and
their mean places are given in the subjoined tables. After the termination of the second series
of differentials with Mars, several additional meridian observations of each comparing star were
made for the purpose of rendering them available in cases where no corresponding measures
with the equatorial were obtainable.
Stars with ivUch Mars loas compared in 1849-'50.
?96
Bessel 405
Bessel 523
Bessel 405
Bessel 405*
Bessel 405
Bessel 405
Rumker 1573
Rumker leso
No. of ob-
servations.
Mean right as- | No. ofob- Mean declina-
cension, 1860-0. ; servations. | tion, 1860-0.
h. m. s.
5 3 41.760
5 11 6.488
5 18 25.176
5 22 20.421
5 26 13
5 30 13.971
5 46 56.049
5 54 44.989
5 55 8.80
12
10
10
10
11
10
10
11
4-26 17 8.85
6 31.87
27 30.31
28 20.19
32
31 57.10
27 0.64
16 36.01
-}-26 21 6.10
Stars ivith which Venus ivas compared, 1850-'51.
star.
H. C. . . .
. . . 30556
W. C. . . .
W.
w. C. . . . .
W. C
vv. c
w. c
B.A.C. . .
. . . 5839
W. C. . . .
H. C. . . .
. . . 31784
H. C. . . .
. . . 31791
H. C. . . .
. . . 31931
Lacaille . .
. . . 7371
Taylor . . .
. . . 8219
W. C. . . .
B. A. C. . .
. . . 6063
W. C. . . .
W. C. . . .
W. C. . . .
W. C. . . ,
W. C. . . .
W. C. . . .
B. A. C. . .
. . . 6214
B. A. C. . .
. . . 6261
Taylor . . .
. . . 8533
No. of ob-
servat'ns.
Approximate
right as-
cension, 1 856.
16 41 19
. 16 43 21
16 52 24
16 55 6
17 9
17 7 32
17 11 7
17 11 34
17 13 16
17 21 20
17 21 37
17 25 38
17 29 10
]7 39 5
17 44 18
17 47 40
17 52 50
17 53 53
17 56 20
17 59 26
18 7 4
18 7 24
18 12 19
18 18 47
18 24 1
No. of Ob-
servat'ns.
2
2
3
3
2
2
1
1
3
2
3
2
3
3
3
2
1
2
1
Mean declination.
1860-0.
—26 29 36.69
26 40 38.89
27 2 18.19
27 39.47
27 12 40.41
27 23 56.22
27 37 22.27
17 36 21.18
27 51 35.17
17 41 21.75
17 41 44.46
17 44 0.18
27 57 25.89
18 3 0.32
28 1 10.11
28 2 17.88
27 52 5.62
27 49 17.15
27 50 14.01
27 39 27.43
25 45 10.44
27 27 13.71
26 8 33.24
26 42 46.12
—19 4 6.26
* Not found, though repeatedly sought.
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ivi
INTRODUCTION TO THE
Stars ivith luhich Mars was compared in 1851-'52.
Star.
Mo. of ob-
servat'ns.
Approximate
right as-
cension, 1856.
No. of ob-
servat'ns.
Mean declination,
1860-0.
h. ■m. s.
o / //
H. C 16237
8 10 35
2
+24 36 28.64
W. C. ....... .
8 13 25
2
24 27 55.72
Bessel 344
8 16 23
o
24 23 35.60
H. C 16464
8 16 51
1
24 2.08
Bessel 344
8 28 29
1
23 44 0.00
w C
8 30 28
8 35 22
1
2
23 22 44,75
23 12 51.51
Bessel 344
w. C.
8 34 57
8 40 33
2
2
23 1 37.42
22 45 34.27
Bessel 344
Bessel 278
8 44 15
2
22 54 45.86
Bessel 278
8 46 13
2
22 20 59.44
1 Bessel 278
8 47 41
1
22 13 29.11
! Bessel 278
8 50 40
1
21 42 25.27
! Bessel 278
8 52 28
1
22 39.67
I Bessel 278
8 54 2
2
21 32 18.63
Bessel 275
8 58 31
2
21 4 30.94
Bessel 275
8 58 53
2
21 9 27.90
i Bessel 278
8 59 42
2
21 27 30.30
1 Bessel 275
9 4 42
1
20 35 43.67
Bessel 275
9 4 43
1
20 37 15.35
W.
9 8 25
9 10 36
9 12 32
1
2
1
20 13 37.41
20 27.29
+19 40 52.63
w c
B.A. C 3181
The right ascensions were observed by Professor Alexander Lawrence, U. S. N.,
with the west transit instrument, and the declinations by Professor
M. Yarnall, U. S.
N., with the mural circle.
Column 13 contains the initials of the observers names : G — Grilliss ; M— MacEae ; P —
Phelps.
The transcripts and reductions were made by Lieut. E. N. Stembel, U. S. N., by whom,
also, the proof sheets were collated with the original records.
Horizontal and vertical diameters deduced from the observations and compared ivitli the Nautical
Almanac tables^ pages 333-341.
The horizontal diameter of Mars, from observations with the equatorial, is found by obtaining
the mean interval between the transit of each of the limbs and the comparing star for the night,
together with the mean of the times of transit of the limbs, and applying to the arc equivalent
of the difference of the former the variation of the planet in right ascension during the period
embraced by the latter. As the observations were made only near the opposition of Mars, no
correction has been applied for defective illumination of either limb.
In the same manner the vertical diameters are deduced by comparison of the differential
declinations of the planet's limbs and star, increased or diminished by the variation of declina-
tion in the interval between the means of the times at which the measures were made. To the
result, a further correction is applied for thickness of the micrometer wire.
The mean apparent error of the Nautical Almanac, resulting from a comparison of each night's
observation with its tabulated diameters, is :
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SANTIAGO OBSERVATIONS.
Ivii
Planet Mars.
No. of ob-
servations.
Horizontal
diameter.
No. of ob-
servations.
Vertical
diameter.
Series 1849-'50 ........
Series 1851-'52 .......
Mean
54
77
II
-2.349
—1.504
55
81
II
—2.862
-0.379
131
—1.926
J 36
—1.620
m^^Sn^llSZ^'Zr ^'*^^^'^'^ '^ *^-^ -^''^-^ fi-t, as were those of
rn/fV f t ^1 ' ''°'^' ^^ ^''^'* measurement with the micrometer screw of the equatorial •
:T''^^jZ^cTr'''j:^''' "^-r -'-''' -^^^^* ^^-^^^ thefieMt;trttTi:
Sthe naeridian SJ^^ T'' ^^^ J^^, ^r*^"^! g-^^ally used was 150, sometimes 235 ; that
ot tne meridian circle more frequently 144, though occasionally no more than 79 No correction
t^r?"ltt: o^tT""""?*^ "^*y'; '''''' instrument" for thickness of the Jcre'er
wire. A mean of the separate results from the seyeral methods is as follows :
Planet Venus,
No. of ob-
servations.
Meridian circle.
No. of ob-
servations.
Equatorial direct
measure.
No. of ob-
servations.
Equatorial in-
ferred.
Series of 1850-'51
Series of 1852
Mean of
35
45
//
—1.174
—1.505
10
8
II
—0.965
—2.055
4
26
II
—1.268
—1.383
80
—1.340
18
—1.510
30
—1.325
The corresponding ohservations made at other observatories, and communicated in accordance
with the solicitation contained in the ephemeris referred to ijLes xxviii Jwl ^'''^;^^^^°^e
printed at length in subsequent pages ' ^^ ' ^^"^' ^^""^ ^^'"^ ^^'^
Believing that a discussion of the solar parallax from observations thus made by on.
Se r'eS ' T/f "^ '"' "^'^ uncommitted respecting the comparative va"e of tl; deduct
ble result, would be appreciated and approved bvastronomprc T>. -r a n ^^« "i ^ne aeauci-
prepared for the prmter, were placed m hi, hands during the month of lune, ISsT'
WASHiNaTONj January 1, 1856. '^- ^- ^i-.
one
as
] G
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THE SOLAR PARALLAX
FEOM OBSERVATIONS OF THE U. S. N. ASTRONOMICAL EXPEDITION,
UNDER LIEUTENANT J. M. GILLIS8,
B. A. GOULD, Jk.
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THE SOLAR PARALLAX.
§1. INTRODUCTORY AND HISTORICAL.
The motives which prompted the observations forming the basis of this discussion have been
so luUy developed hjthe astronomer under whose direction the expedition was conducted, and
the method of myestigation contemplated has been so thoroughly explained, that no farther
consideration ot these subjects seems required or appropriate.
Themeasure of the sun's distance has been well called by the Astronomer Eoyal of England
the noblest problem in astronomy. This distance, known or unknown, is, and must ever be
the standard length in which every linear measure of a celestial object beyond the moon is
directly or indirectly expressed; whether it be the distance of a satellite, a comet, or a fixed
star ; the dimensions of a planet, or the gauge of a nebula. It is the astronomical unit • and
every stellar distance is only known as a proportional one, until this unit is established It is
therefore, manifestly the duty of astronomers to flinch from no labor which gives a remote
prospect of increasing the precision of our measurement of this fundamental quantity The
rnaterials now presented for the discussion are the fruit of a national expedition, instituted at
the advice, and with the approval, of the nation's ablest astronomers. To their attainment
hree years were dedicated by the zeal of the leader in the enterprise and his unwearied assistants,
i^t TIJ ?/ '' \^' ^^^' contributed. No pains ought to be spared in deducing
.rom them al that they can be made to yield in furtherance of the end for which they were
designed. This consideration has been kept steadily in view, and is a sufficient reply to any
criticism which may attribute over-refinement to the numerical computations, or too great
minuteness to the combinations of the materials under discussion.
When Keppler, after extended study of Tycho's observations, arrived not later than 1620 at
the conviction* that the solar parallax could not exceed V, he attributed to the sun a distance
more than three times greater than philosophers had previously supposedf, although his own
limit was but one-seventh part as remote as we now know that it should have been He had
in 1609 m his bookf on the motion o{ Mars, called it difficult to fix the distance more exactly
vTJ Z'T,lf,^''i^.'T ^r^'^^i^^'*'"' ^^ *^' '^'^^> (corresponding to a parallax between
. t Toof '^^""^ ""' I'' Ephemerides§ for 1617 and 1618, he had supposed the parallax
to be 2 29 ', according to Tycho Brahe, who deduced it from observations of the moon || Peter
Cruger, Keppler's intimate friend, upbraided him for removing the sun "to such a huge dis-
tance, 1 which would destroy the value of all Tycho's tables, after he had himself adopted
; J^ .r'"'''..^ ^? *^^ Bphemeris a few years before ; but Keppler replied*'^ that he had
studied the subject with care, and did not hesitate to reduce Tycho's parallax by 1' 40", or two-
"'•' Epitome Astronomice CbpernkancB^ pp. 478-480, 486-490.
^'^-imojii, Almage&tum Novum, I., 107. Tycho Brahe, Progymn., pp 97 415 463
%DeMotihusStell(BMartis,^.n. ^ ^f , , •
§^icciom,Almag. Nov. I, 108. Hansch, EpistolcB ad J. Kepplerum, p. 473.
||Gassendi, Tychonis Vita, p. 102.
11 Ibid. pp. 473-4. Cruger to Keppler, 1624, July 15.
^--Letter to Pete Cruger, 1624, September 9. Hansch Epist. p. 455.
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Ixii
INTRODUCTOEY AND HISTOEICAL.
thirds of its whole amount. His estimated distance of the sun was 3,592 earth's semi-diameters,*
but, for the roundness of the number, he adopted 3,600, corresponding to a parallax of 49'^
Godefridus Wendelinus, (G-odfrey Wendelin,) a Belgian astronomer, deduced, in 1647, from
morning and evening observations of the moon,t the value of the solar parallax as 15^' at the
outside, or the distance at least 13,740 terrestrial semi-diameters, and fixed 14,656 of these
semi-diameters as the most probable value. Eicciolus, rejecting this comparatively small value,
arrived at the conclusion, { in 1665, that a value between 28^' and 30'' could deviate only by
very few seconds from the truth.
Eicciolus gives an interesting list of the successively adopted values, § a tabular view of
which is as follows, the references having been verified or corrected in all cases where I have
access to the originals, which has been generally the case, and in some instances made more
complete.
Distance of the sun from the centre of the earthy expressed in terrestrial semi-diameters.
Authority.
Mean
distance.
Authority.
From Hipparchus' data
or
Posidonius, (apogee)
Ptolemy and Maurolycus
ClaviuSj Barocius
Albategnius and Alphonso
Lansberg, from data of Albategnius, (apogee)
Alfraganus ...... , . . . .
Jno. Fernelius
Copernicus, Maginus
Lansberg, from data of Copernicus, (apogee)
Michael Neander
Meestlinus
Jno. Offusius
Tycho and Blancanus
Longomontanus
Keppler, [3] in Ephemerides
Stella Martis
Stella Nova
Epit. Astron., (apogee) . .
Tab. Rudolphin ....
Lansbergius, (min. eccentricity) ....
Ism. Bullialdus
Athanasius Kircherus
Anton. Maria de Rheita
Wendelinus
Galileo
Marius Bettinus ,
Langrenus
Eicciolus ,
Eicciolus, (in round numbers)
1472
1379
13141
1168
1168
1107
7936
1215
1256
1142
942
1160
1160
1152
1150
1288
1768
1768
1432
3469
3381
1499
1460
1906
2000
14656
1208
1145
3420
7327
7300
Plinus, Lib. XL, cap XXII. Ed. Siilig [., 130 [1.]
Almagest, Lib. JIL, c. iv. ; V., c. XV. ; Maur. Cosm.
Clavius, Comm. in Spha3r., p. 215; Barocius Cosmogr. I. 48.
Albategn, capp. XXVIII. XXX. L. ; Alph. Tabb.
MS. letters to Eicciolus.
Alfragani Eud. Astron. ; Different. XXI.
Cosmotheoria, Lib. I., cap. 7.
Cop. de Eev. IV., capp. 19, 21 ; Magin. Nov. Gael. Orb. Theor. I.,
cap. 3, II. cap. 24.
apud Eicciolum.
Sphoera Mundi, p. 124.
Appendix ad Keppleri Myst. Cosm., p. 168.
De Divina Astrorum Facaltate.
Tycho, Progymn, (Ed. 1648,) pp. 5, 101, 275, 296, etc. Blancanus,
Sphasra Mundi, Lib. X., cap. 1.
Astr. Danica, p. ii., pp. 171, 231, 241, 298.
p. 2.
Chapter XXX., p. 162.
Cap. XVI.
Lib. IV., 485, 490.
Prajcept. 141, p. 98. Tabb., p. 92.
Proleg. Uranometria3 ; Lib. II., Elem, 11.
Astron. Philolaica, Lib. IV., cap. i.
Ars Magna Lucis et Umbrae, Lib IX., Probl. 9.
Eadius Sidereomysticus, p. 20, Lib. iv.
Idea Tabb. Atlant., in Eclips. Lun. ; MS. letters to Eicciolus.
Dialog. III., de Syst. Mundi ; Syst. Cosm., p. 266.
Apiaria Univ. Phil. Math. ; Apiar. X.
MS. cited by Eicciolus.
C Almag. Novum I., 731.
[IJ See Lalande's TraiU d' ^stronomie II. 402, 3. [2] Sua hinc sumpsit Censorinm de die natali 13. Siilig. Plinius I, 129.
[3] EicciOLi, Lib. Ill, Schol. II, p. 111.
The next attempts at determining the parallax were those of Cassini and Richer. The latter
astronomer was sent by the French Academy to South America for purposes similar to those
which prompted in our days this present expedition of Lieutenant Gilliss. His observations
were published|| in 1679, after his return, and his declinations of Mars were compared by
^'Ibid., p. 456.
f KicciOLi Almagestum Novum, I, 109, 731. Weidler EisU Astr, p. 457. See also his letter Gassendi Op.omn. VI, 464.
JKicciOLi Aim. Nov., I, 110, 731, 734.
§Cf. Plutaech depladiis Philosopharum lib. II, cap. 31. Aristarchus Propos. 7.
II Observations astronomiques et physiques faites en V Isle de Cayenne, par M. Kicher, Paris, 1679. Also Mhi. de V Acad, Roy. d«s
Sciences, VII, PL l,p. 233,
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INTRODUCTORY AND HISTORICAL. Ixiii
Cassini,* with the contemporaneous observationsf of himself, Picard, and Eoemer, at Paris and
Prion, in order to deduce a better value for the parallax. The planet had been compared, both
at Cayenne and Paris, with -^ Aquarii, but Cassini did not succeed in obtaining any good value,
farther than deducing an upper limit of 9^^ if the observations were to be trusted. In 1681,,
however,J Cassini published a memoir revising his computation from the materials and from
correspondent observations, 1672, September 5, 9, and 24, deduced as the equatorial horizontal
parallax of Mars, 25 J^' =h 3^', corresponding to a solar parallax of 9^^5 zb F, or a distance from
the earth of 21,600 terrestrial semi-diameters,§ and with a possible error of 2,000 or 3,000 semi-
diameters. From these values he inferred the true diameter of the sun to be just one hundred
times that of the earth.
About the same period, Cassini, with Eoemer and Sedileau, tried|| the method of parallaxes
in right-ascension, proposed by Cassini himself, and employed by him to ascertain the distance
of the comet of 1680. He proposed, from a comparison of the observed right-ascensions of the
celestial body on opposite sides of the meridian, to deduce the amount of its geocentric parallax;
but this attempt, though laboriously carried out, was entirely unproductive of satisfactory
results. Observations were made at the same time by La Hire,Tf but without convincing him
that the parallax was sensible, as Lalande infers,** from the fact that La Hire, in his well
known tables,tt published in 1687 and 1702, never employed a larger value than 6'^
Flamsteed, who had been, during the same period, observing in England, fixed the upper
imit of the parallax of Mars firstJJ at 30'^ and then§§ at 25^^ so that the solar parallax could
not exceed 10^^, or 21,000 terrestrial semi-diameters.
The transit of Mercury, 1677, October 28, was observed at St. Helena by Halley, who ob,
tainedllli 45^^ as the resultant parallax, but attributed but little weight to the determination-
preferring a value between 10^^ and 20^^ The arguments of Streete in favorTft of a value 15^'
are cited by Halley with apparent approval, and are very curious. In this connexion, Halley
again urged the great advantage of the transits of Venus for the determination of this important
quantity,*** as he had already doneftt in 1691.
La Caille^s astronomical expedition to the Cape of Good Hope took place in 1740. Animated
by the encouraging example of Eicher, he founded an astronomical shrine in the southern
hemisphere, which has since been rendered even more illustrious by the labors of such men as
Henderson, Herschel, Fallows, and Maclear, offering an example well deemed worthy of imita-
tion by our younger land.
La Caille made a large number of observations of the declination of Mars at opposition ; and
from a comparison of these with corresponding measurements in the northern hemisphere,
extending through about six weeks, deduced the value of the solar parallax as 10^'. 2.
^ In the succeeding year, 1741, he repeated the investigation, and with a result not essentially
different. The mean of four correspondent observations of Venus at her inferior conjunction in
1751 was similarly computed by La Caille, giving 10^^38 as the mean value, and, from the
whole seriesJJJ of investigations, he arrived at the conclusion that the horizontal equatorial
^^ Recueild' Observations faUs en plusieurs voyages, Sfc, Paris, 1693. Rec. de Mem. deV Acad. VII, P. 1, pp. 353-5.
t Mem. de V Acad. Roy. des Sciences, VII, P. pp. 331, 351.
X Mem. de V Acad. Roy. des Sciences, VIII, p. 55.
§ 3Iemoires de V Acad. Roy. des Sciences, VII, p. 115. || Ibid., pp. 105-7.
IT Il^id., p. 111. CH- Lalande, Astron. II, p. 413.
ff La Hire, Tabulcd Astronomicoi, p. 6
%% PMl. Trans. 1672, No. 89, pp. 5118.
§§ Phil. Trans. 1673, No. 96, p. 6100, (erroneously printed 6000.)
nil PMl. Trans., No. 193, p. 511. I have not access to Halley's Southern Catalogue of Stars, in which are given his
observations of the transit of Mercury.
^^ See Lalande's Astronomic, § 1729, II., 409 ; Astron. Carolina, ed. 1661, p. 12 ; ed 1710 p 34
^^^ Phil. Trans., 1716, p. 454.
ttt Piiil. Trans. 1673, No. 93, p. 519.
XtX Mem. deVAcad. des Sciences, 1748, 601 ; 1751, 310 ; 1760, 73. See also Cassini de Thury, 1760, 292.
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Ixiv
INTRODUCTORY AND HISTORICAL.
parallax of tlie sun may be assumed as lOJ^' without danger of an error exceeding 0/^25, thus
attaining* a most remarkable accordance with the results at which Cassini and Flamsteed had
arrived in the previous century.
About 1760, Tobias Mayer struck out a new path, and deduced a value for the solar parallax
by means of the lunar theory. One of the equations for the perturbation in longitude depends
on the simple angle between sun and moon, and the coefHcient had been, up to that time,
determined by the employment of 10'^ 8, as the amount of the soLar parallax, which forms one
factor. Mayer, however, comparingf theory with observations, deduced empirically a new
value for the coefficient, whence he obtained 7^'. 8, which determination he esteemed subject to
an error of one twenty-fourth part, at the outside, since the co-efficient 1' 55'', upon which it
depended, could not be in error by more than 5''. J
The transits of Venus, in 1761 and 1769, had long been awaited by astronomers with intense
interest, and were regarded throughout the world as the best means available for accurate
determination of the dimensions of the orbit of the earth, and of the value in terrestrial measures
of the unit in which celestial measures are necessarily expressed. A concise narration of the
efforts made to procure accurate data, and of the materials collected, may be found in the mas-
terly and standard discussion of the problem by Encke.§
The English sent|| Maskelyne to St. Helena ; and Mason and Dixon, the same who subse-
quently measured the arc of a parallel in America, were destined to Sumatra. Fortunately,
they were so much delayed that, in their apprehension lest they might not arrive in season at
their appointed station, they decided to observe at the Cape of Good Hope, a more desirable
situation, as the event proved. The French Academy SQut the astronomer Pingre to the island
Eodrigues, a little more than 300 miles from Mauritius, in the Indian ocean. Le Gentil was
to have observed at Pondicherry, but the war deprived him of the means, inasmuch as the ship
containing his instruments was captured by the British. Another French astronomer, Chappe
was sent by the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences to Tobolsk, in Siberia, and a Kussian
astronomer, Eumowski, to Selinghinsk, near Lake Baikal, on the Mongolian frontier. Besides
these regularly organized expeditions, astronomers were everywhere on the alert. Not only
throughout Europe, but at the missionary stations of southern and eastern Asia, observations
of the ingress and egress of the planet were made with all the care and nicety which circum-
stances permitted. The various results deduced, there is no need of fully recapitulating here.t
They were far from harmonious, and led to much warm controversy, which, indeed^ almost
assumed the form of a national dispute. Short obtained, by different methods, different results
between 8'^47 and 8^^67, and adopted the value 8^\65 as final. In a second memoir he arrived
at the values 8^^49 and 8'^63. Pingre found, on the other hand, lO^M; Eumowski, 8^^33;
Hornsby, 9^^5 to 10^'; Audifredi, {''Dadeius Buffus/') 9^^^ To sum up, the transit of 1761 did
not contribute much to our knowledge of the astronomical unit.
The transit of 1769 promised better results for many reasons. The uncertainty of the values
from the first transit stimulated to the greatest possible effort, which was also insured by the
consciousness that more than a century must elapse before another similar opportunity would
present itself; and beside all this, the transit itself was, upon the assumption that the most
advantageous points for observation would be occupied, (as in fact they were,) still further more
favorable than its immediate predecessor. Both ingress and egress were visible at numerous
="' 3Iem. de VAcad. des Sciences, 1760, 93.
f Theoria Liince, §50, p, 50.
Jlbid., §51, p. 52
§ Die Entfernung der Sonne von der E^de, aus dem Venusdurchgang vm 761, hergeldtet von J. F. Encke, Gotha, 1822.
II ENeKE, Entf. d. Sonne, §5, pp. 11-32.
^ See, among others, Short, PMl. Trans., 1762, p. 611 ; 1763, 300. Pingre, Mem. deVAead., 1761, pp. 413, 483 ; 1764,
p. 339 ; 1765, p. 1. Hornsby, PMl. Trans., 1763, p. 467. Eumowski, Nova. Comm. Acad. Petrop. XT, Hist. p. 41, Mem. pp'
483, 487, XII, 575. Planmann, Vmtmsk. Akad. Handl., 1763, 118; 1764, 144. Phil. Trans., 1768, 107. Audifredi, Investi-
gatio Parallaxis Solans, Rome, 1765. Audifredi, de Solis Parallaxi, Rome, 1766.
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INTRODUCTORY AND HISTORICAL. Ixv
and widely remote points, which, was not the case in 1761. Finally, an eclipse of the sun
followed close after the transit, affording an excellent opportunity for fixing the longitudes of
the places of observation.
No exertions were spared by the votaries or protectors of astronomy for obtaining numerous
and accurate observations, and as Encke has said,* with as much truth as delicacy, '' whatever
may be the future judgment as to the actual issue, posterity will never be able to reproach
either the astronomers or the governments of that period with having neglected to call suflaciently
careful attention to the more important points, or with having failed to further and support
scientific efforts with suflacient readiness.'' No one will deny that the enlightened aid of
national resources, and the generous enthusiasm of astronomers, were alike necessary for pro-
viding those materials which, in the hands of the illustrious astronomer of Berlin, have furnished
the definite value with which the world has been amply content for more than a quarter of a
century, and which may not impossibly remain the standard for a quarter of a century to come.
The observations and disquisitions called forth by this rare and now peculiarly important
phenomenon are far too numerous for full citation. f The chief observations were collected by
Lalande in a treatise, % from the abundant works in which they were made public, and these,
with such as had been omitted there, are given in full detail in Encke's classic investigation§ of
this transit.
The value of the parallax found by different astronomers from this transit of Venus are con-
fined within much narrower limits than those from the former. The smallest was Planmann's,
8'^43; the largest Pingre's, 8^^81, and Euler's, 8^'.82 ; Hornsby found &^78, Lalande 8^\ 5 o'
Lexell 8'^68, Smith 8''.605, Maskelyne 8'^'723.
The observations were subjected by Ferrer, in 1808, to a discussion, from which he obtained
the value 8^^615 ;1| and in 1815 to a very thorough investigation, posthumously publishedT[ in
1832, and giving** 8^^577 ± 0^^3 as the result.
Meantime, however, had appeared the two books of Encke, already quoted ; the first published
in 1822, containing an ample scrutiny of the observations of the transit of 1761, June 6, and
deducing the final value 8'\4905=t: 0^^607 ; and the second, published in 1824, giving a thorough
criticism and discussion of the transit of 1769, June 3. In this latter he determines the amount
of certain corrections, necessarily disregarded in the first treatise, and finally adopts the following
results as final for the solar parallax.
From the transit of 1761 8^^5309 zb 0^^0623.
1769 8''.6030 ± 0^^0460.
From the two together 8^^57*76 =h 0'^0370.
Connected with the transit of 1769 are some circumstances which, from their historical
importance, demand some allusion here. One of the most important points for the accuracy of
the determination was the station at Fort Wardoehuus, on Wardoe, an island in the Arctic
ocean, at the northeastern extremity of Norway. To this point the Danish government had sent
a clergyman of Vienna, Father Hell, with two assistants, Sainovicz and Borgrewing. Numerous
circumstances tended to throw suspicion on Hell's observations, which he had suppressed for
nine entire months, regarding which he had repeatedly seemed to prevaricate, and which, when
^ Venusdurchgang von 1769, § 1.
t Sufficient are the foUowing memoirs :
EiTTENHOusE, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. I. p. 89. Smith, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. I, p. 162. App. p. 54.
Lalande, 3Iem. de VAcad. 1770, p. 9 ; 1771, p. 776. Hornsby, Phil. Trans. 1771, p. 674.
PiNGRE, ilfcTTi. deVAcad. 1770, p, 558 ; 1772, p. 398. Lexell, VdensJcaps. Alcad. Handl. 1771, pp. 200, 301.
Maskelyne, Phil. Trans. 1768, p. 55 ; 1769, p. 414. Euler, Phil. Trans. 1772, p. 69.
Maskelyne, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. I, p. 4. App. p. 1. Planmann, Vetenska;ps. Akad. Handl. 1772, pp. 183, 358.
t Lalande, Memoire sur le Passage de Venus observe le 3 Juin, 1769, Paris ; 1772.
§ Der Venusdurchgang von 1769, ^c, hearheitet von J. F. Enoke, Gotha ; 1824.
||Proc. Am. Phil. Soc. VI, p. 355. ^Mem. E. Ast. Soc. V, p. 253.
^^^!^Mem. K. Ast. Soc. V. pp. 254,282,295.
K o
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Ixvi mTRODUCTORY AND HISTORICAL,
submitted to the test of rigorous computation in combination with the rest, exhibited gross dis-
cordances. Many circumstances, of which an account will be found in Encke's second treatise?
combined to place Father Hell in a very unfavorable light, and several astronomers, prominent
among whom was Lalande, did not hesitate to accuse him of having fabricated or changed his
observations. Neither do his demeanor at the time, nor his published observations of the
eclipse on the next day, tend to diminish the suspicion f and the cool investigationf of the case
by Encke, after the lapse of considerably more than half a century, leaves his observations and
his character under a heavy cloud. The long delay prior to making public his results seemed
best explicable by his desire to obtain as many other observations as possible, in order subse-
quently to give the most plausible figures as his own. Unfortunately for himself, he committed
an error in computation, J which, like that of his counterpart, the Chevalier d'Angos, sufficed,
under the rigorous scrutiny of the master Encke, to secure the ultimate detection of the untruth.
In the year 1834, ten years after the publication of Encke's second treatise. Prof. Littrow, of
Vienna, learned§ that some of the papers of Father Hell were in. the possession of an Austrian
gentleman, the Baron von Munch-Bellinghausen, into whose hands they had come after the
death of his uncle, Baron von Penkler, who had been a zealous admirer and patron of Father
Hell. In the hope of obtaining some clue to the celebrated Wardoehuus observations, Prof.
Littrow asked permission to consult them, which was not only readily granted, but furnished
occasion for the presentation of all HelVs MSS. to the Vienna observatory.
Prof. 0. L. Littrow entered with care upon the investigation, and was rewarded by the dis-
covery of Father Hell's astronomical note-book for the days June 2-4, 1769. Its contents, with
other interesting documents, were soon printed, and appeared at the close of the year. They fully
corroborate and justify previous suspicions. The chief figures, especially the times of entrance
upon the solar disc, had been for the most part erased, and with a darker colored ink. Two
other passages, the one relating to the observations of Sainovicz, the other to those of Borgre-
wing, had been so thoroughly obliterated, that Prof. Littrow was only able to conjecture the
three first letters of the one and the first and last letter of the other. From an investigation of
such figures as remained legible and unaltered, he succeeded in finding one observation of the
ingress by Borgrewing, and one of the egress by Hell, upon which reliance appears warrantable. |1
The reasons given by Littrow, and unhesitatingly accepted by Encke,T[ are chiefly these.
Although, in reply to Lalande, Father Hell had publicly offered to exhibit the original note-
book, free from erasures, and giving the observations just as finally published by him, Littrow
found both clear and undefaced documents containing the quantities as prepared for publication,
and this note-book, which was as manifestly not designed for the press. It contains remarks,
notes, and comments, in chronological order ; the hand-writing is unequal and frequently
changing, observations never made public are here noted down, together with many jottings
and memoranda which could not have been intended for the public. The important observations
were chiefly obliterated, with great care and thoroughness, as were also sundry remarks con-
cerning them. There can be no doubt that the evidence is sufficient to establish this note-book
as being the identical one used at Wardoehuus, and that this establishment of identity
discredits the published observations and the truthfulness of Father Hell, but provides few new
figures upon which reliance may be placed.
Encke submitted these new-found observations to careful scrutiny within a few months after
their discovery. He foimd that had Father Hell not altered his observations of the eclipse,
the times actually observed and originally recorded would harmonize, but that in his desire to
* See SoHEiBEL, Anleitung zw Mathematische Bucherkmntniss ; Stuck 4. App. to the 1st preface to 2d edition.
f Venusdurchgang von 1769, pp. 17-20, 24-27.
%Abh. d. Berlin. Acad. 1835, p. 305.
§ Schumacher, Ast. Nachr. XII, p. 71.
\\ Pater Hell's Reise nach Waidoe imd seine Beohh. des Vemisdurchgangs in Jahre, 1769, von C. L. Littrow. Wien; 1835.
IJ Ahh. der Berlin. Acad., 1835, p. 303.
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INTRODUCTORY AND HISTORICAL. Ixvii
publish better observations than he knew how to make, he had changed his record of the
moment of commencement, after computing it by means of elements so erroneous that his published
value was out by 40'. Eejecting all observations which had passed under the revision of Father
Hell, except in those isolated instances in which the original notes were decipherable and intel-
ligible, Encke redetermined the longitude of Wardoehuus and thus obtained the means of
correcting the original equations of condition for the transit of 1769 and solved them anew.
This revised computation gave as the value resulting from the transit of 1769,
8^^5931 zh 0^^0460,
being less by 0'^01 than the previous determination from the same transit. Combining this,
before, with the value given by the transit of 1761, he found the mean value
8^^57116 =h 0^^0370,
thus decreasing the former value by the comparatively unimportant amount 0^^00644.
This last result has, since 1835, furnished the standard value for the parallax of the sun and
corresponding to a mean distance from the earth of 2,4061 terrestrial semidiameters or 82 719 316
equatorial miles.* Assuming with Encke,t the Toise de Perou as 6 394 564 feet, or what is
equivalent, 1 statute mile = 825 701 toises, Bessel's determination J of the earth's dimensions,
according to which the length of a quadrant is 5 131 179.81 toises, and the major semi-axis
3 272 077.14 toises, gives for the earth's mean distance from the sun in statute miles
95 360 000 zb 412 000.
In 1824, the same year in which Encke's discussion of the transit of 1769 appeared, Professor
Burg, like Mayer before him, deduced§ a value of the parallax from the lunar theory, and
urged the employment of this method as capable of affording better results than those which
could be anticipated from any other method earlier than the Venus-tvsniBit of 1874. Burg's
value, resulting, of course, from a lunar theory more refined than was attainable in the time of
Mayer, was 8'^62z=: =i= 0^^035. Laplace too, in the same manner, obtained|| the solar parallax
from this equation as 26.58 centesimal seconds or 8'^61, a result thoroughly accordant with
Encke's determination, and adds, ^^11 est tres remarquable q'un astronome, sans sortir de son
observatoire, en comparant seulement ses observations a Tanalyse^ eut pu determiner exactement
la grandeur et Taplatissement de la terre, et sa distance au soleil et a la lune; elements dont
la connaissance a ete le fruit de longs et penibles voyages dans les deux hemispheres. L'accord
des resultats obtenus par ces deux methodes est une des preuves les plus frappantes de la
gravitation universelle. ' '
A .oouple of years previous to the discovery of Father Hell's forgeries, Henderson, at the Cape
of Good Hope, had made a series of observations^ of declinations of Mars, during the opposition
of 1832, which he compared with simultaneous observations at Greenwich, (two instruments,
the mural circle by Troughton^ and that by Jones,) Cambridge, and Altona. The several
resultant values^* were 9^^076, 9^^343, 8'^588, and 9^^028, and the final mean by weightsff gave
him 9^^028. All these values are larger than either of Encke's adopted ones, and their great
discordance precludes reliance upon any of them.
The method proposed by Professor Gerling for obtaining a still closer approximation to the
actual value of the solar equatorial parallax has been already developed, with full statements of
its relative advantages, both by the astronomer who suggested itJJ and by the one under whose
direction the Astronomical Expedition to Chile was organized and carried out.§§ The history
*- Berlin Astr, Jahrb. 1852, p. 323. f Dove, Maass und Messm. p. 39. Encke, Bet^l. Ast. Jahrh. 1852, p. 321
X Astr. Nachr. XIX, 97.
§ Astr. Nachr. in, pp. 346, 348.
II Systeme du Monde, Liv. IV, (Euvres VI, p. 264.
^ Astr. Nachr. X, p. 152.
*"*'"' Astr. Nachr. XI, pp. 296, 404.
tt Ihid. p. 404. Monthly Notices E. Astr. Soc. Ill, 39.
%X Astr. Nachr. XXV, p. 363, XXVI, p. 195.
§§ Introd. to this volume, and A. N.
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Ixviii INTRODUCTORY AND HISTORICAL.
of this enterprise has been given by Lieutenant Gilliss in the introduction to the present volume.*
It now only remains to make use of the results of the expedition.
§2.-GENERAL STATEMENT OE THE PEOBLEM.
The proof-sheets of the present volume III of the observations of the planets Mars and Venus,
constituted the materials placed in my hands by Lieutenant Grilliss for the determination of
the best value of the solar parallax which they would afford. The end to which he had
devoted so much earnest and self-sacrificing effort, and for which he had labored so zealously
through obstacles and disadvantages of almost every description, and the scrupulous care
manifestly bestowed by him and the assistant astronomers upon the observations, demanded
commensurate exertions for the deduction of the final result — an amount of labor uncontem-
plated in the original plan of the observations, and necessarily entailing a delay of several
months.
The observations of Mars and Venus, made at the Santiago Observatory, by Lieutenant
Gilliss, and under his direction, are in perpect conformity with the plan previously laid down,
and consist of four series of micrometric comparisons, comprising two oppositions of each
planet :
The first series for Mars consists of observations on 46 different days, between 1849, Decem-
ber 10, and 1850, January 31.
The first for Venus contains observations on 51 different days, between 1850, October 19, and
1851, February 10.
The second for Mars^ observations on 93 days, from 1851, December 16, to 1852, March 15.
The second for Venus, on 27 days, from 1852, May 29, to 1852, September 13.
Making in all observations upon 217 days, extending over nearly three years.
For combinining with these, according to the contemplated method, which requires a com-
parison in declination with the same star, upon the same date at a northern observatory,
correspondent observations were found as follows :
By the Naval Observatory at Washington,
Mars, I. series.; nine.
Mars, II. series ; two,
Venus, 1. series; eight.
By the Royal Observatory at Greenwich.
Mars, I, series; four.
By the Harvard Observatory at Cambridge.
Mars, I* series ; Jive.
In all, therefore, there were but twenty-eightf correspondent observations for both planets
during these three years, eighteen of these being during the first Mars series, and two during
the second ; while for Venus, the planet especially selected, there were eight during the first,
and none during the second opposition. The details of these correspondent observations are
as follows :
''•^ See Astr. Nachr. XXXI, p. 247, XXXIV, p. 340, XXXVI, p. 77.
"^ The Washington observation of 1850, October 19, has been rejected by the advice of Mr. Ferguson.
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GENEEAL STATEMENT OF THE PKOBLEM.
Ixix
WASHINGTON OBSERVATIONS.
Planet.
Mars .
Venus
Mars .
Series.
II.
Date.
1849.
Dec. 12
17
27
31
1850.
Jan. 9
12
14
22
29
1850.
Oct. 22
Nov. 1
2
10
13
14
21
1851.
Jan. 15
1852.
Jan. 24
Feb. 2
No. of comparisons.
North limb.
7
16
20
12
7
6
2
10
3
5
4
8
2
4
4
10
South limb.
22
13
11
3
4
11
16
Hemarks of observer.
Planet disturbed and blazing; star of comparison scarcely visible.
Three comparisons N. limb good. During remainder, planet blurred and
restless.
Comparisons at times quite unsatisfactory.
Observations unsatisfactory. Planet and star blurred and tremulous.
Night misty; star of comparison scarcely visible.
Planet blurred. Interrupted by clouds.
Night very unfavorable.
Disc tremulous, and not measurable within ten seconds.
Brown haze.
Three comparisons good, the rest unsatisfactory.
Night uncommonly fine ; all the circumstances favorable, except the
inequality of the external and interior temperatures.
Night clear and serene.
Planet flickering and undefined.
Planet indistinct and blazing.
Toward end of observations planet blurred and uncertain.
Planet.
Mars
Series.
Date.
1849.
Dec. 15
27
1850.
Jan. 4
GREENWICH OBSERVATIONS.
No. of comparisons.
North limb.
South limb.
Remarks of observer.
Passing clouds, the observations not good.
The star extremely faint and difficult to observe, the limbs of the planet
badly defined.
Mars was very tremulous, and the star exceedingly faint.
CAMBRIDGE OBSERVATIONS.
No. of comparisons.
Planet.
Series.
Date.
Remarks of observer.
North limb.
South limb.
1849.
Mars
I.
Dec. 17
27
4
5
High wind; atmosphere very much disturbed.
31
4
1850.
Jan. 1
9
2
4
4
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Ixx
GENERAL STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM.
These are the only observations at hand for combining with the magnificent series of Lieu-
tenant Gilliss, according to the method suggested by Professor Gerling, and contemplated by
the expedition. It is impossible to refrain from the expression of deep regret that, from all the
observations of the well equipped and richly endowed observatories of the northern hemisphere,
so few materials could be found toward rendering available, according to its original purpose,
an expedition to which so much labor and enthusiasm had been consecrated, and to which an
accomplished observer, already known for the precision of his measurements, had devoted his
entire energies during so long a sojourn ; moreover, after the preparation and wide dissemina-
tion of ephemerides and charts of the comparison stars for both the planets during the whole
period.
The deduced corrections to Encke's values of the solar parallax corroborated the inferences
deducible from the notes, and made palpable the necessity for a recourse to sonie other method
than the desired one of correspondent observations. These corrections, of which the detailed
computations will be given, have been found to result as follows, from the correspondent obser-
vations already cited :
COEEECTIONS TO ADOPTED SOLAE PAEALLAX EESULTING FEOM COEEESPONDENT OBSEEYATIONS.
I. Wasliingtoii and Santiago.
Date.
A^.
Date.
z/^.
1849.
II
1850.
//
Mars
Dec. 12
4-1.445
Venus
Oct. 19
4- [18.264]
12
4-2.928
22
4- 0.341
17
4-0.113
Nov. 1
4- 1.214
27
4-0.497
2
4- 1.051
31
4-2.144
]0
4- 0.930
1850.
13
4- 1.236
Mars
Jan. 9
—2.462
14
4- 0.184
12
4-0.534
21
— 0.182
14
—0.026
1851.
22
4-1.266
Jan. 15
4- 0.377
29
4-1.390
1852.
Mars
Jan. 24
Feb. 2
—0.482
4-0.247
II. Greenwicli and Santiago.
Date.
z/^.
Date.
A-ss-,
Mars
1849.
Dec. 15
27
//
—0.574
-0.598
Mars
1850.
Jan. 4
7
II
—1.587
1.636
III.
Cambri€lge and Santiago,
Date.
J^.
Date.
A^.
Mars
1849.
Dec. 17
27
31
//
—0.069
—0.189
4-0.148
Mars
1850.
Jan. 1
4
II
4-0.917
—0.375
The large mean error, and striking non-accordance of these results, renders any reliance
upon them impossible ; and the only course remaining has been to make use of the largest
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GENEEAL STATEMENT OP THE PROBLEM. Ixxi
possible number of observations of every kind in each hemisphere, and to trust to the accumu-
lation of observations for eliminating the inaccuracies due to erroneous assumptions in the
adopted positions of the comparison stars, and to the unavoidably large mean error of the
meridian declinations. This course has been pursued, and, without any attempt to refute the
objections which may fairly be urged, the present discussion aims simply at deducing the best
result from the materials at hand, in the hope that whatever be the degree of trustworthiness
attributed to the final determination, this discussion may at least claim to have been based upon
the best available data, and to afford, for the result of previous research, the always welcome
corroboration which is furnished by different observations and different methods of investi-
gation.
The observations available for this purpose are as follows :
At Santiago 55 micrometric comparisons of Mars, I series.
89 do. do. II series.
79 meridian observations do. II series.
56 micrometric comparisons of Venus, I series.
72 meridian observations do. I series.
27 micrometric comparisons do. II series.
46 meridian observations do. II series.
At "Wasliliigton 22 micrometric comparisons of Mars, I series.
5 do. do. II series.
16 do. of Venus, T series.
B do. do. II series.
At GreenTi^icli .... . ... 8 micrometric comparisons of Mars, I series,
24 meridian observations do. I series.
36 do. do. II series.
17 do. of Venus, I series.
17 do. do. II series.
At tlie Cape of Good Hope .... 47 micrometric comparisons of Mars, I series.
47 meridian observations do. I series.
46 do. do. II series.
At Cam'bridge 19 micrometric comparisons of Mars, I series.
At Athens . . , 38 meridian observations do. I series.
At Cracow ^ I6 do. of Venus, II series.
At ICremsmiinster 13 do. of Mars, II series.
At Altona 2 do. of Venus, II series.
A few of these meridian series have been included up to dates somewhat beyond the proper
limits, especially when their reduction showed a mean error sufficiently small to warrant the
hope of attaining increased accuracy by their employment. A series consisting of five obser-
vations of Mars II. at Cracow, only one of which was within the limits of the Santiago obser-
vations, were omitted in consequence of the mean error coming out as over 3'^ A large part of
the Cambridge observations were inapplicable for combination with those at Santiago on
account of the observations being confined to a single limb, and still others are incapable of
employment on account of the smallness of the comparison star employed, entailing, naturally,
an impossibility of identification in any of the catalogues.
Observations of right-ascension only are utterly without avail for our purpose. The
Greenwich observations were obtained from the annual volumes of the Eoyal Observatory, and
are, with few exceptions, solely meridional, conformably to the established usage of the
observatory.
The only method which remains for making use of these observations to deduce a value of
the parallax, is to obtain the declinations of the several comparison stars as well as possible,
and with these to endeavor to elicit from the series of differential observations, with equatorial
instruments, sufficiently numerous determinations of the planet's declination, at both northern
and southern observatories, to authorize the hope that the inaccuracies of the individual star
positions may possibly disappear from their combined result. The results of these differential
measurements would then be used like determinations of absolute position. The meridian
observations at Santiago and G-reenwich could be incorporated, with their appropriate weights,
so that every observation would be made to contribute to the final result.
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Ixxii GENERAL STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM.
The problem before us is tben to be distinctly understood as follows : The failure of northern
observatories to afford the means necessary for rendering the materials accumulated by Lieu-
tenant Grilliss, at Santiago, serviceable for their intended purpose, or, indeed, for testing the
method contemplated, renders the desired computations impossible, and their expected results
unattainable, so far as these relate to the measurement of the parallax, although, of course, of
the highest value for such purposes as demand no corresponding observations elsewhere.
And what is now proposed is, to combine whatever other contemporaneous observations are
at hand with those of Santiago in such manner as to deduce a resulting value for the parallax,
without claiming for the results any peculiar pre-eminence; or for the method the advantages
which would result from the original plan. Should the value of the solar parallax thus
obtained coincide with Professor Encke's value, within the limits indicated by the probable
errors, the corroboration thus afforded by a method so widely different will not be without
essential importance ; while, in the event of the resulting value differing from that furnished
by the transit of 1^769^ the questions and investigations to which the discordance would give
rise could not fail to be of great usefulness.
§3.-METH0D PURSUED.
Ephemerides of Mars and Venus being computed for the two oppositions with all the precision
which Lindenau's tables permit, the several declinations found at the several observatories are
to be compared with the ephemeris after the requisite corrections for defective illumination have
been applied. Each of the residuals will then afford an equation containing the following
unknown quantities :
1. The semi-diameter at the unit of distance, which we call
where f, denotes the assumed value. The quantity f appears only in its function, the apparent
semidiameter, or
r = -^^ + i,
A denoting, as usual, the distance of the centre of the planet from the centre of the earth, and i
denoting any spurious apparent extension of the semidiameter.
2. The irradiation, i, assumed to be of the form
i = ^h + \
of which the term i^ is peculiar to the observer and the instrument.
3. The correction q for the personal equation of the observer, and for the thickness of the
threads of the filar micrometer, the influences of these two sources of error becoming inseparable.
4. The correction [i to the adopted value of a revolution of the micrometer-BCYew .
5. The correction of the ephemeris in declination
( J 5J = a + /? r + r r%
T being the time elapsed since the epoch T, assumed near the middle of the series.
6. The sun's equatorial hoiizoninX parallax, which we will put
•TXT "ZZl '23' -U O 'ZT^
(t^^ denoting Encke's value &^57116,) and which appears only in its function
p ■=! h-2T^
where h signifies the ordinary coefficient for the error in parallax dependent upon the declina-
tion the hour-angle, the distance, and the geocentric latitude — i, e., if ^be the siderial time.
h=^ sin. (D^ ^^^r ~ ^^ ; tan.C = tan. cp^ sec. (d — a)
/\ sm. Q
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METHOD PURSUED. Ixxiii
^ Putting the observed declination of the limb = d, the compnted declination of the centre =
o„, and the distance traversed by the micrometer thread = Am, we have the equation
^—^o=^^S=^±^{?, + 8? + i:) + a + ^r + y -2 + h (-„ + <?-) + ,i Am ± {i + q)
or, written in another form,
where w = ^„ ±^ ^^ + /, ^^ _ ^
« = + 1 X = «
l=i^{t-T) y=20/?
<' = ToVo (^— 2^)^ 2=1000;-
t^=±1 t =*!+</
_ Jl
^ — =t A u = <^? + *;
f=-i:\ii'^m v=100/^
!7 = — ''« W = ^ ^
Of the eight terms composing the second member of this equation, the first consists of known
quantities, the next three, together with the last, are independent both of the instrument and
the observer, while t, u, and v are entirely local in their character. For errors in the adopted
star-places, of course no provision can be made, such errors combining with the errors of obser-
vation.
In the equations for those observations in which (as should, of course, be the case, at least with
Jiars,) the comparisons of the two limbs are nearly equal in number, and their means nearly
contemporaneous ; the terms containing t and u are eliminated from the resultant comparison
of the centre, and may be applied exclusively to the determination of the diameter, and of the
law and magnitude of the constants of irradiation. So, too, will the term /v be necessarily
omitted from the equations derived from observations not given with sufficient detail. And,
finally, the three terms dependent upon the error of the ephemeris would also have been elimi-
nated from those pairs of " correspondent" observations, for which it was the aim of the expe-
dition to provide materials, and by which each couple of comparisons with the same star, at
nearly the same time, in both a northern and a southern latitude, would furnish an independent
value for the solar parallax.
The simple course thus indicated has been pursued in the present discussion, and appears to
be the only method practicable. Some of the more delicate refinements of reduction and com-
putation are necessarily excluded; but the question may well be raised whether, under the
peculiar circumstances of the case, these would have added to the precision of the result had
their application been possible.
To insure as great accuracy as possible for the data, the published observations, wherever
and by whomsoever made, have been reduced anew ; beginning with the crudest form in which
they are accessible, and although the Santiago observations were furnished by Lieutenant Gilliss
in the printed sheets, as already, prepared for the present volume, he has also courteously given
full access to the original manuscript note-books for all observations directly or indirectlv
employed in these computations.
Those observations which have been found available, and are employed in the discussion, are
shown m the annexed table, which gives the places of observation and the number of observations'
of each planet during each series at the respective places.
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Ixxiv
METHOD PURSUED.
Available observations.
Instrument.
Santiago ....
Washington . . .
Greenwicli ....
Cape of Good Hope .
Cambridge . . . .
Athens
Kremsmiinster . .
Altona
Cracow
C Equatorial .
1 Mer. circle .
Equatorial .
( Equatorial .
( Mer. circle .
( Equatorial .
i Mural Circle
Equatorial ,
Mer. circle .
Mer. circle .
Mer circle .
Mer. circle .
55
24
49
47
19
38
Mars II. Venus I.
79
5
Northern
Southern
111
151
56
72
16
Venus II.
27
46
6
19
60
214 128
274 163
112
227
197
49
8
94
49
95
19
38
19
2
16
245
568
For each of the eleven series of equatorial observations, the comparison stars are to be deter-
mined in order to obtain absolute positions from the relative measurements. Those meridian
observations are to be referred to the same category, which are essentially differential compari-
sons, and, in fact, dependent upon a micrometer. In such cases the relative measurement is
almost always accompanied by an observation of the absolute position of the comparison star,
which observation is to be used with such other determinations as may be accessible for deriving
a final and adopted place from the mean of all, taken by weight.
These absolute positions may then be combined directly with the meridian observations, and
we shall then obtain one resultant normal equation for each series and each place of observation,
the coefficient/ having different signs at the 7 northern and the 2 southern observatories, respec-
tively. Of these normal equations there will be
For Mars, I series, 6 For Venus, I series, 4
'' II series, 4 '' H series, 4.
T6e terms containing t, u, and v, must, necessarily, be eliminated from the normals before
these can be combined for solution. To this end, they may, in most cases, be approximately
determined by means of a different combination of the data employed, and indeed the value of
V being independent of the object observed, it may be advantageously deduced from the conjoint
use of different series of observations.
The only unknown quantities will then be x, y, ss, and w, the first three being necessarily
different for each of the four series.
The means of the several comparisons which constitute a single observation may, by a slight
artifice, be so corrected that the influence of the second differences of the parallaxes belonging
to these comparisons will be obviated without entailing the necessity of any reduction of the
comparisons singly. The period over which the largest series extends is but about five hours,
and in all the Santiago observations, which are the only ones sufficiently prolonged to call for
any consideration of this point, the comparisons follow one another at intervals so nearly equi-
distant that we may assume these intervals to be equal without thereby introducing any
appreciable error into the correction.
Putting, as before,
the observed apparent declination of the limb = d
computed true declination of the center == 8^
parallax in declination =i>
semi-diameter ==^ ^
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METHOD PURSUED. IxxV
and analogously^
the stars observed apparent declination z= d
'^ true '' ^' =d^
we shall have
d — d=d^—d^—p±r + Il
where R represents the difference of the refractions of the limb and the star, and has always
the same sign as d^ — d^.
If we denote by G the sum of the corrections in declination due to the assumed tabular
elements, (assumable as constant during any one night's work, and employ e, the mean error,
in the stead of the unknown error actually incurred in each individual comparison, we shall
have the observed difference of declination between planet and star
J3z=z8—d-{- 0~e
= d- d — p:^r + B-\-C—e
one equation of this form being furnished by every comparison. Indicating the time to which
the comparison belongs by a subjacent letter annexed to the respective symbols, we have for the
time, t, of any one comparison
J8,=z8^,—d^,—p,^r, + Ii,+ 0+e
and so for a given time near the middle of the series, T,
The difference of these two equations, when developed in series according to the powers of
Ad,,-A8^, = TDJ^ +lT^D,^d^ +
-rD,p-lT^D,^p +
±.rD, r ±:\t^D,^ r i . . . .
+ TD,R + lr^D,^R + . . . .
Let us now take for the time T, the mean of the times of the several individual comparisons,
so that
nT=zt' + t" -{-t'" + ?^W
and put
n Ad^^ = A8^, + A8^,, + Ad^,„ + Ad,,^^^^
The mean of all the equations furnished by the individual comparisons will be identical with
the mean of all the observed equations after subtracting Ad^^ . All the terms of the first order
will have disappeared ; and the resulting equation will present the form
Ad^,^ - A8^^ = 1 1^ 1 1 D,^o\ - n.^p ± n,^r + J),^R |
Of the two terms which constitute the first member of this equation, Ad^,,^ is the (given) arith-
metical mean of the observed differences in declination, and Ao^^ the desired true difference of
declinations between star and centre of planet at the time T,
Taking the hour as unit of time, and putting f"{p),f'{p)J^'{r)J"{R), for the second dif-
ferences of the numerical values of d, p, r, R, for successive hours, we may be allowed to put also
^t'^=r(S), D,^p=f{p)^ &c., &c., so that
Ad,^ - Ao\^ = ~I,-r- I fi^d) -f'{p) ^f'(r) +f{R) |
It is manifest that f"{R) can never become sensible. Of the three other quantities^ /'^(^) and
f\r) are independent of the place of observation and may be obtained directly from the ephe-
meris, remembering that as this is computed for intervals of a day, its second difierences are to
be di\rided by (24)^= 576.
Before developing the iQxm f"{p) it will be well to examine the maximum of the factor
■^ i'l^r^, and to obtain an expression for this factor, more convenient even if not so rigorous,
by assuming that the times of the several individual comparisons are uniformly distributed
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Ixxvi METHOD PURSUED.
about the mean, or follow one another at equal intervals; which is sufficiently near the truth
for our purposes.
Let ?? he the interval of time (in hours) between each pair of successive comparisons, and our
factor will become
or since ^ _ K"^ — t'
n — 1
Since the correction sought is only sensible for the more extended series of comparisons, we
may almost uniformly substitute unity for ~'~ and consequently
n — 1
This very simple expression shows that for the longest series of comparisons (which extends
over about five hours) the factor is very nearly =:1 ; but that in other cases it is a real fraction.
By simple inspection of the ephemerides, we shall find the maximum values of the second dif-
ferences to be
Mars I. Mars 11. Ve?ius L Venus 11.
f"(S) 9^^6 14^^9 49'\9 29^3
Thf (^) .02 .03 .09 .05
f'^{r) .01 .01 .04 .04
The change in the apparent semi-diameter is thus seen to be certainly insensible, and it is also
evident that in declination the influence of these second differences can be possibly perceived
only in a few particular cases, occurring in the first Vemis-BevieB.
Therefore Jd^, — z/dV = ^ (^^"^ — t^rip)
The only quantity remaining for consideration is/^^(p), which may be directly obtained by
difterencing the formulas which represent the parallax in declination, as computed for successive
hours, and will easily be found to be
ff\p) = ^^ p cos^i sin(J cos(<? — «) 4 sin^^ 15^
_ 8^5m6 p g334ej p cos^i sin^, cos(^ — a)
Substituting this value in the expression above, we obtain finally,
J5,. = J5,„+ i(i^"^-i')^8".5nl6 sinH15»,o cos^ sm^i^^«)
which gives the correction applicable to the mean of the observed differences for the mean time
T] the declination, hour-angle and distance from the earth being denoted by 5, 6 — a, and A;
the distance from the center of the terrestrial spheroid and the corrected latitude by p and cp^]
and the times of the first and last comparisons by t^ and t^""^ respectively.
If we represent that part of the expression which is constant for the same place by r? we may write
Jd^.= Jl^ + r ( ^<">-i')'i2!(^) sin^„
Adopting Bessel's value of the eccentricity of the terrestrial spheroid, so that
log. e = 8.9122052,
we have, by the ordinary formulas, (Bed. Astr. Jahrh. 1852, p. 325,)
a (1 — ef sin cp
p sm ip'
p cos (p'
VI — e^ sin^ (p
a cos (p
V 1 — e^ sin^ ip,
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METHOD PURSUED.
Ixxvii
and can construct the following table of geocentric coordinates and constants for the nine obser-
vatories which have furnished materials for our discussion :
OBSERVATORY-CONSTANTS.
Place.
L.
<P'
log.^0.
¥■
log. y.
! c.
Santiago . . .
1 h. m. s.
... 25 53.3
o 1 II
—33 28 25.9
9.999561
—33 15 51.6
8.308139
h. m. s.
26 39.55
Washington . .
0.0
+38 53 39.2
9.999430
+38 42 24.7
8.278006
50.49
Greenwich . .
; 5 8 12,2
-f-51 28 38.2
9.999113
+51 17 24.6
8.181539
5 8 12.20
Cape of Good Hope
6 22 7.2
-33 56 3.0
9.999550
—33 45 24.0
8.305646
6 21 55.09
Cambridge .
23 41.5
+42 22 51.5
9.999343
+42 11 23.9
8.255399
24 28.11
Athens ....
6 43 6.4
+37 58 20
9.999453
+37 47 10.5
6 42 50.85
Cracow ....
1 6 28 2.4
+50 3 50.0
9.999149
+49 52 30.0
6 27 49.32
KremsinUnster
1 6 4 44.6
+48 3 23.8
9.999199
+47 51 56.8
6 4 35.34
AJtona ....
5 47 57.4
+53 32 45.3
9.999061
+53 21 45.5
5 47 50.88
The longitudes (L.) in this table being all easterly from Washington, the negative sign is
unnecessary ; cp and cp' denote, respectively, the astronomical and the corrected latitude ; p the
distance from the centre of the spheroid, expressed in terms of the major semi-axis of the gene-
rating ellipse ; y that part of the coefficient offt^""^— tY in the expression for Jd^^, which is con-
stant for the observatory ; and c the constant used in reducing the sidereal time to mean Wash-
ington time by means of the sidereal time at G-reenwich mean noon, given in the London
Nautical Almanac— being the longitude east from Washington, added to the reduction to mean
time which belongs to the longitude from Greenwich.
§4. EPHEMERIDES AND AUXILIARY TABLES,
The ephemerides here given are derived from Lindenau's tables of 3Iars and Venus, and
comprise the entire period of Lieutenant Gilliss's observations of each of these planets. Inasmuch
as the employment of the ephemerides is, in fact, only differential in character, it did not appear
necessary to incorporate the recent modifications and improvements of Lindenau's tables, given
by Breen and Peirce. They are consequently accordant with the Nautical Almanac and Berlin
Jahrbuch.
The approximate values which have been employed f©r the semi-diameters at the unit of
distance from the earth are —
For Mars, e = 4^^66393, (Oudemans, Astron, Nadir, XXXV, 351.)
For Venus, ^ == 8^^.6625, (Wichmann, Astron, Naclir. XXXII, Y4.)
The ephemerides for the two oppositions of Mars, and the two inferior conjunctions of Venus,
here follow in their order.
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Ixxviii
EPHEMERIDES AND AUXILIARY TABLES.
Epliemeris of Mars for the first series^ or opposition of 1849-50.
Wasliington Mean Noon.
-
Jh.
j^ r sec d.
Date.
a.
d.
log. A.
r.
Def. limb.
log. COS 0,
[na COS (5.
Ind.
1849.
h. m. s.
o / //
,^
II
II
s.
Oct. 30
6 24 ]3.36
+24 12 36.5
9.8608773
6.42
1.22
00
p. n.
9.96002
0.47
31
24 44.78
14 51.9
.8574961
6.48
1.20
0.00
p.n.
.95989
0.47
Nov. 1
25 12.94
17 10.9
.8541218
6.53
1.17
0.00
p.n.
.95976
0.48
2
25 37.74
19 33.4
.8507568
6.58
1.14
0.00
p.n.
.95962
0.48
3
25 59.14
21 59.7
.8474035
6.60
1.12
0.00
p.n.
.9.5948
0.48
4
26 17.09
24 29.9
.8440644
6.68
l.U
0.00
p. n.
.95934
0.49
5
26 31.49
27 3.9
.8407421
6.73
1.08
0.00
p. n.
.95920
0.49
6
25 42.37
29 41.8
.8374392
6.78
1.05
0.00
p.n.
.95904
0.50
7
26 49.61
32 23.8
.8341584
6.83
1.04
0.00
p.n.
.95889
0.50
8
26 53.18
35 9.8
.8309032
6.88
1.02
0.00
p.n.
.95872
0.50
9
26 53.02
37 59.6
.8276770
6.94
0.99
0.00
p.n.
.95855
0.51
10
26 49.10
40 53.3
.8244831
6.99
0.96
0.00
p.n
.95840
0.51
11
26 41.39
43 50.8
.8213252
7.04
0.93
0.00
p.n.
.95822
0.52
12
26 29.83
46 52.0
.8182069
7.09
0.90
0.00
p. n.
.95805
52
13
26 14.39
49 56.8
.8151317
7.14
0.87
0.00
p.n.
.95786
0.52
14
25 55.08
53 5.0
.8121042
7.19
0.84
0.00
p.n.
.9.5769
0.53
15
25 31.87
56 16.3
.8091278
7.24
0.81
0.00
p.n.
.95749
0.53
16
25 4.77
59 30.6
.8062088
7.29
0.78
0.00
p.n.
.95730
0.54
17
24 33.78
25 2 47.6
.8033490
7.34
0.74
0.00
p.n.
.95711
0.54
18
23 58.91
6 7.1
.8005538
7 38
0.70
0.00
p.n.
.95691
0.54
19
23 20.18
9 28-7
.7978275
7.43
0.68
0.00
p.n.
.95671
0.55
20
22 37.61
12 .52.0
.7951747
7.47
0.61
0.00
p. s.
.95652
0.55
21
21 51.22
16 16.8
.7925995
7.52
0.60
0.00
p. s.
.95631
0.55
22
21 1.08
19 42.7
.7901061
7.56
0.57
0.00
p. s.
.95611
0.56
23
20 7.22
23 9.1
.7876991
7.60
0.54
0.00
p. s.
.95590
0.56
24
19 9.70
26 35.6
.7853827
7.65
0.55
0.00
p. s.
'.95569
0.56
25
18 8.58
30 1.9
.7831613
7.68
0.45
0.00
p. s.
.95549
0.57
26
17 3.93
33 27.4
.7810394
7.72
0.44
0.00
p. s.
.95528
0.57
27
15 55.83
36 51.5
.7790213
7.76
0.39
0.00
p. s.
.95508
0.57
28
14 44.37
40 13.7
.7771113
7.79
0.36
0.00
p. s.
.95487
0.58
29
13 29.64
43 33.8
.7753134
7.82
0.33
0.00
p. s.
.95467
0.58
30
12 11.75
46 50.9
.7735317
7.85
0.30
0.00
p. 3.
.95447
0.58
Dec. 1
10 50.81
50 4.6
.7720698
7.88
0.27
0.00
p. S.
.95427
0.58
2
9 26.96
53 14.4
.7706328
7.91
0.26
0.00
p S.
.95408
0.59
3
8 0.32
56 19.6
.7693245
7.93
0.22
0.00
p. S.
.95389
0.59
4
6 31.05
59 19.8
.7681485
7.95
0.20
0.00
p. S.
.95370
0.59
5
4 59.29
26 2 14.3
.7671087
7.97
0.16
0.00
p. S.
.95353
0.59
6
3 25.21
5 2.6
.7662083
7.99
0.13
0.00
p. s.
.95335
0.59
1 48.94
7 44.3
.7654509
8.00
0.11
0.00
p. s.
.95319
0.59
8
6 10.74
10 18.8
.7648398
8.01
0.09
0.00
p. s.
.95302
0.60
9
5 58 30.79
12 45.7
.7643774
8.02
0.07
0.00
p. s.
.95287
0.60
10
56 49.32
15 4.6
.7640662
8.03
0.05
0.00
p. s.
.95272
0.60
11
55 6.52
17 15.2
.7639086
8.03
0.04
0.00
p. s.
.95259
0.60
12
53 22.61
19 17.1
.7639066
8.03
0.03
0.00
p. s.
.95246
0.60
13
51 37.81
21 9.9
.7640617
8.03
0.02
0.00
p. s.
.95235
0.60
14
49 52.39
22 53.3
.7643747
8.02
0.01
0.00
p. s.
.95224
0.60
15
48 6.59
24 27.4
.7648457
8.01
0.01
0.00
p. s.
.95214
0.60
16
46 20.63
25 52.1
.7654747
8.00
0.00
0.00
p. s.
.95205
0.60
17
44 34.76
27 7.4
.7662618
7.99
0.00
O.Ol
p. s.
.55197
0.59
18
42 49.22
28 13.1
.7672065
7.97
0.01
0.00
f. s.
.95190
0.59
19
41 4.26
29 9.3
.7683075
7.95
0.01
0.00
f. s.
.95184
0.59
20
39 20.10
29 56.1
.7695631
7.93
0.02
0.00
f. s.
.95179
0.59
21
37 36.97
30 33.8
.7709712
7.90
0.02
0.00
f. s.
.95176
0.59
22
35 55.07
31 2 6
.7725294
7.87
0.03
0.00
f. s.
.95173
0.59
23
34 14.61
31 22.8
.7742354
7.84
0.04
0.00
f. s.
.95171
0.53
24
32 35.81
31 34 6
.7760883
7.81
0.05
0.00
f. s.
.95170
0.58
25
30 58.87
31 38.5
.7780789
7.77
0.06
0.00
f. s.
.95170
0.58
26
29 23.96
31 34.7
.7802096
7.74
0.07
0.00
f. s.
.95170
0.58
27
5 27 51.23
4-26 31 23.6
9.7824749
7.70
0.08
0.00
f. s.
9.95171
0.57
Hosted by
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EPHEMERIDES AND AUXILIARY TABLES.
Ephemeris of Mars for the first series — Continued.
IVasliington Mean IVoou.
Ixxix
Date.
«.
8.
log. A ,
r.
z/A.
Def. limb
log. COS 0.
— rsec^.
In a COS. S,
1
1849.
Dec. 28
h. m. s.
5 26 20.84
/ //
+26 31 5.8
9.7848713
7.66
0.09
!
1 //
1 0.00
f. s.
9.95173
s.
0.57
29
24 52.94
30 41.6
.7873948
7.62
0.11
1 0.00
f. s.
.95175
0.57
30
23 27.68
30 11.5
.7900411
7.57
0.13
0.00
f. s.
.95178
0.56
31
1850.
22 5.19
29 36.0
.7928060
7.52
0.15
0.00
f. s.
.95181
0.56
Jan. 1
20 45.59
28 55.5
.7956854
7.47
0.17
0.00
f. s.
.95185
0.56
2
19 28.98
28 10.5
.7986754
7.41
0.19
0.00
f. s.
.95190
0.55
3
18 15.47
27 21.5
.8017718
7.36
0.21
0.00
f. s.
.95195
0.55
4
17 5.16
26 28.9
.8049704
7.31
0.23
1 0,00
f. s.
.95201
0.54
5
15 58.12
25 33.3
.8082667
7.25
0.25
1 0.00
f. s.
.95207
0.54
6
14 54.44
24 35.1
.8116564
7.20
0.28
0.00
f.s.
.95213
0.54
7
13 54.19
23 34.7
.8151349
7.14
0.30
0.00
f. s.
.95219
0.53
8
12 57.42
22 32.7
.8186977
7.08
0.32
0.00
f. s.
.95226
0.53
9
12 4.19
21 29.4
.8223403
7.02
0.34
0.00
f. s.
.95232
0.52
10
11 14.55
20 25.3
.8260584
6.96
0.35
0.00
f. s.
.95239
0.52
11
10 28.53
19 20.7
.8298474
6.90
0.38
0.00
f. s.
.95245
0.51
12
9 46.17
18 16.1
.8337027
6.84
0.40
O.GO
f. s.
.95252
0.51
13
9 7.49
17 11.9
.8376199
6.78
0.42
0.00
f. s.
.95259
0.50
14
8 32.48
16 8.5
.8415945
6.72
0.45
O.GO
f. s.
.95266
0.50 1
15
8 1.15
15 6.0
.8456223
6.65
0.47
0.00
f. s.
.95273
0.49 1
16
7 33.50
14 4.8
.8496990
6.59
0.49
0.00
f. s.
.95279
0.49 }
17
7 9.53
13 5.3
.8538203
6.53
0.51
0.00
f. s.
.95285
0,48 1
18
6 49.22
12 7.7
.8579820
6.47
0.53
0.00
f. s.
.95291
0.48
19
6 32.53
11 12.2
.8621805
6.41
0.55
0.00
f. s.
.95296
0.48
20
6 19.43
10 18.9
.8664121
6.34
0.57
0.00
f. s.
.95302
0.47
21
6 9.89
9 27.9
.8706731
6.28
0.59
0.00
f. s.
.95308
0.47
22
6 3.86
8 39.4
.8749601
6.22
0.60
0.00
f. s.
.95313
0.46
23
6 1.30
7 53.6
.8792697
6.18
0.62
0.00
f. s.
.95318
0.46
24
6 2.17
7 10.5
.8835988
6.10
0.63
0.00
f. s.
.95322
0.45
25
6 6.40
6 30.2
.8879446
6.04
0.65
0.00
f. s.
.95326
0.45
26
6 13.94
5 52.6
.8923044
5.98
0.66
0.00
f. s.
.95330
0.44
27
6 24.74
5 17.7
.8966756
5.92
0.67
0.00
f. s.
.95333
0.44
28
6 38.75
4 45.5
.9010558
5.86
0.68
0.00
f. s.
.95336
0.44
29
6 55.91
4 16
.9054427
5.80
0.70
0.00
f. s.
.95340
0.43
30
7 16.16
3 49.1
.9098341
5.74
0.71
0.00
f. s.
.95343
0.43
31
7 39.44
3 24.8
.9142280
5.68
0.72
0.00
f. s.
.95345
0.42
Feb. 1
8 5.71
3 3.0
.9186225
6.63
0.73
0.00
f. s.
.95348
0.42
2
8 34.91
2 43.6
.9230158
5.57
0.74
0.00
f. s.
.95350
0.41
3
9 7.00
2 26.6
.9274062
5.51
0.75
0.00
f. s.
.95352
0.41
4
9.41.92
2 11.8
.9317921
5.46
0.76
0.00
f. s.
.95353
0.40
5
5 10 19.62
+26 1 59.1
9.9361720
5.40
0.76
0.00
f. s.
9.95354
0.40
Hosted by
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Ixxx
EPHEMERIDES AND AUXILIARY TABLES.
Ephemeris of Mars for the second series^ or opposition of 1851-52.
"Vrasliington Mean Noon.
All,
1 ^
— T sec 0.
Date.
a.
0.
log. A.
r.
Def. limb.
log. COS 6.
In a COS d.
In 5.
1851.
h, m, s.
o / //
//
II
II
s.
Dec. 12
9 9 6.13
+19 33 49.0
9.9126138
5.70
0.69
0.05
p.
9.97418
0.40
13
9 16.94
35 45.2
.9090776
5.75
0.68
0.05
P-
,97409
0.41
14
9 24.63
37 55.6
.9055576
5.80
0.67
0.04
P-
,97399
0.41
15
9 29.16
40 20.3
.9020566
5.84
0.66
0.04
P-
.97388
0.41
16
9 30.48
42 59.2
.8985776
5.89
0.64
0.04
P-
.97376
0.42
17
9 28.54
45 52.5
.8951237
5.94
0.63
0,03
P-
.97364
0.42
18
9 23.31
49 0.3
.8916983
5.98
0.61
0.03
P.
.97349
0.42
19
9 14.76
52 22.4
.8883047
6.03
0.59
0.03
p.
.97334
0.43
20
9 2.85
55 58.9
.8849463
6.08
0.57
0.03
p.
.97317
0.43
21
8 47.56
59 49.7
. 8816269
6.13
0.56
0.03
p.
.97300
0.43
22
8 28.86
20 3 54.6
.8783502
6.17
0.54
0.02
p.
.97280
0.44
23
8 6.74
8 13.5
.8751200
6.22
0.52
0.02
p.
.97261
0.44
24
7 41.20
12 46.1
.8719402
6.26
0.50
0.02
P-
.97239
44
25
7 12.23
17 32.1
.8688148
6.31
0.48
0.02
P-
.97217
0.45
26
6 39.83
22 31.2
. 8657478
6.35
0.46
0.02
p.
.97194
0.45
27
6 4.00
29 43.2
.8627434
6.40
0.44
0.02
p.
.97170
0.46
28
5 24.76
33 7.6
.8598057
6.44
0.42
0.02
p.
.97144
0.46
29
4 42.13
38 44.0
.8569387
6.48
0.40
0.01
P-
.97117
0.46
30
3 56.13
44 31.8
.8541464
6.53
0.37
0.01
P-
.97089
0.47
31
3 6.80
50 30.5
.8514330
6.57
0.35
0.01
P-
.97061
0.47
1852.
Jan. 1
2 14,17
56 39.7
.8488025
6.61
0.33
0,01
P-
.97032
0.47
2
1 18.29
21 2 58.6
.8462590
6.64
0.31
0.01
p.
.97001
0.47
3
9 19.19
9 26.6
.8438068
6.68 ;
0.29
0.01
P-
.96969
. 0.48
4
8 59 16.94
16 3.1
.8414499
6.72
0.27
0.01
P-
.96937
0.48
5
58 11.61
22 47.3
.8391924
6.75 :
0.25
0.01
p.
.96904
0.48
6
57 3.25
29 38.5
.8370382
6.79 \
0.23
0.00
p.
.96870
0.49
7
55 51.93
36 35.9
.8349911
6.82 ;
0.21
0.00
P-
.96835
0.49
8
54 37,74
43 38.7
.8330552
6.85:
0.19
0.00
P-
.96800 .
0.49
9
53 20.78
50 46.0
.8312345
6.88 ■
0.17
0.00
P-
.96764
0.49
10
52 1.15
57 56.9
.8295331
6.91 :
0.15
0.00
P-
.96727
0.50
11
50 38.97
22 5 10.4
.8279546
6.93 \
0.13
0.00
P-
.96690
0.50
12
49 14.34
12 25.7
.8285024
6.95 ■
0.11
0.00
p.
.96653
0.50
13
47 47.39'
19 41.8
.8251801
6.97 ;
0.10
0.00
P-
.96616
0.50
14
46 18.26^
26 57.7
.8239911
6.99 :
0.08
0.00
P.
.96577
0.50
15
44 47.10
i34 12.5
.8229385
7.01 '
0.07
0.00
P-
.96540
0.51
16
43 14.09
41 25.1
.8220251
7.0>:
0.06
0.00
p.
,96501
0.51
17
41 39.40
48 34.4
.8212534
7.04 ;
0.05
0.00
P-
.96463
0.5L
18
40 3.20
55 39.6
.8206256
7.05-
0.04
0.00
P-
.96426
0.51
19
38 25.66
23 2 39.7
.8201439
7.06;
0.03
0.00
p.
.96389
0.51
20
36 46.98
■ ^ 9 33.7
.8198102
7.06:
0.02
0.00
p.
.96351 :
0.51
21
35 7.38 ._...
_16 20,6
.8196254
7,07. ...
.. .0.01
0.00
Pv
.96314
J,l .
22
33 27.06
22 59.5
.8195900
7.07
0.00
0.00
p.
.96278
0.51
23
31 46.21
29 29.6
.8197045
7.06
0.00
0.01
P-
.96243
0.51
24
30 5.05
35 50.2
.8199693
7.06
0.00
0.01
P-
.96208
0.51
25
28 23.80
42 0.5
.8203842
7.05
0.00
0.01
f.
.96174
0.51
26
26 42.68
47 59.6
.8209485
7.04
0.00
0.01
f.
.96140
0.51
27
25 1.88
53 47.0
.8216610
7.03
0.01
0.01
f.
.96108
0.51
28
23 21.61
59 22,1
.8225200
7.02
0.01
0.01
f.
.96077
0.51
29
21 42.07
24 4 44.4
.8235236
7.00
0.01
0.01
f.
.96046
0.51
30
20 3.45
9 53.4
.8246700
6.98
0.02
0.01
f.
.96018
0.51
31
18 25.96
14 48.8
.8259568
6.96
0.03
0.02
f.
.95989
0.51
Feb. 1
16 49.79
19 30.1
.8273811
6.94
0.04
0.02
f.
.95962
0.51
2
15 15. 10
23 57.1
.8289401
6.92
05
0.02
f.
.95937
0.51
3
13 42.05
28 9.6
.8306311
6.89
0.06
0.02
f.
.95913
0.50
4
12 10.81
32 7.5
.8324509
6.86
0.07
0.02
f.
.95890
0.50
5
10 41.54
35 50.6
.8343961
6.83
0.08
0.02
f.
.95869
0,50
6
9 14.39
39 18.8
.8364634
6.80
0.09
0.02
f.
.95848
0.50
7
7 49.49
42 32.1
.8386489
6.76
0.10
0.02
f.
.95830
0.50
8
8 6 26.97
+24 45 30.8
9.8409489
6.73
j 0.12
0.03
f.
9.95812
0.49
Hosted by
Google
EPHEMERIDES AND AUXILIARY TABLETS
Epkemeris of liars for the second series— Gontimied,
^¥^asIiingtosi Mean IVooii.
J vXXi
Jh.
Date.
«.
d.
log. A.
r.
Def. limb
log cos 0.
-.-. r see (5,
in a cos (J
in 8,
15
1852.
h. m. s.
° / //
II
II
Feb. 9
8 5 6.97
+24 48 14.6
9.8433597
6.69
0.14
0.03
f.
9.95797
0.49
10
3 49.60
50 43.8
.8458776
6.65
0.16
0.03
f.
.95782
0.49
11
2 34.97
52 58.4
. 8484987
6.61
0.18
0.03
f.
.95769
0.49
12
1 23.18
54 58.6
.8512188
6.57
0.20
0.03
f.
.95757
0.48
13
8 14.33
56 44.7
.8540339
6.53
0.22
0.03
f.
.95747
0.48
14
7 59 8.51
58 17.0
.8569397
6.48
0.24
0.03
f.
.95737
0.48
15
58 5.79
24 59 35.5
.8599321
6.44
0.25
0.03
f.
. 95730
0.47
16
57 6.26
25 40.5
.8630070
6.39
0.27
0.03
f.
.95724
0.47
17
56 9.97
1 32.4
.8661602
6.35
0,29
0,03
f.
.95719
0.47
18
55 16.98
2 11.4
.8693875
6.30
0.31
0.03
f.
.95715
0.46
19
54 27.33
2 37.8
.8726847
6.25
0.33
0.03
f.
.95712
0.46
20
53 41.07
2 52.0
.8760473
6.20
0.35
0.03
f.
.95711
0.46
21
52 58.22
2 54.3
.8794711
6.16
0.37
0.03
f.
.95711
0.45
22
52 18.80
2 44.9
.8829520
6.11
. 0.39
0.03
f.
.95712
0.45
23
51 42.83
2 24.2
.8864859
6.06
0.41
0.03
1.
.95714
0.45
24
51 10.32
1 52.5
.8900685
6.01
0.43
0.03
f.
.95717
0.44
25
50 41.26
1 10.1
.893:958
5.96
0.45
0.03
f.
.95721
0.44
25
50 15.65
25 17.3
.8973641
5.91
0.48
0.03
f.
.95726
0.43
27
49 53.46
24 59 14.5
.9010698
5.86
0.50
0.03
f.
.95732
0.43
28
49 .34.66
58 1.9
.9048094
5.81
0.53
0.03
f.
.95739
0.43
29
49 19.24
56 39 ..8
.9085796
5.76
0.55
0.03
f.
.95747
0.42
Mar. 1
49 7.16
55 8.5
.9123771
5.71
0.57
0.03
f.
.95756
0.42
2
48 58.38
53 28.3
.9161986
5.66
0.58
0.03
f.
.95766
0.42
3
48 52.85
51 39.4
.9200413
5.61
0.59
0.03
f.
.95777
0.41
4
48 50.53
49 42.0
.9239026
5.56
0.60
0.03
f.
.95788
0.41
5
48 51.39
47 36.3
.9277799
5.51
0.60
0.03
f.
.95800
0.40
6
48 55.38
45 22.6
.9316708
5.46
0.61
0.03
f.
.95813
0.40
7
49 2.44
43 1.0
.9355728
5.41
0.62
0.03
f.
.95827
0.40
8
49 12.51
40 31.8
.9394838
5.36
0.62
0.03
f.
.95841
0.39
9
49 25.56
37 55.0
.9434017
5.31
0.63
0.03
f.
.95856
0.,39
10
49 41.54
35 10.8
.9473246
5.27
0.65
0.03
f.
.95872
0.39
11
50 0.41
32 19.5
.9512505
5.22
0.66
0.03
f.
.95889
0.38
12
50 22.11
29 21.1
.9551776
5.17
0.67
0.03
f.
.95906
0.38
13
50 46.60
26 15.7
.9591043
5.12
0.68
0.03
f.
.95926
0.37
14
51 13.82
23 3.3
.9630290
5.08
0.69
0.03
f.
.95942
0.37
15
51 43.73
19 44.2
.9669501
5.03
0.69
0.03
f.
.95961
0.37
16
52 16.28
16 18.5
.9708659
4.99
0.70
0.03
f.
.95980
0.36
17
52 51.42
12 46.1
.9747748
4.94
0.70
0.03
f.
.90001
0.36
38
53 29.10
9 7.2
.9786755
4.90
0.71
0.03
f.
.96021
0.36
19
54 9.27
5 21.8
.9825666
4.85
0.72
0.03
f.
.96043
0.35
20
7 54 51.88
4-24 1 30.1
9.9864469
4.81
0.72
0.03
f.
9.96064
0.35
MO
Hosted by
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IxXXii EPHEMERIDES AND AUXILIAEY TABLES.
EpJiemeris of Venus for the first series, or inferior conjunction of 1850-5L
Wasliingtan Mean SToon.
Date.
1
a.
s.
log. A.
r.
l«)g. cos ^, — y sec 0.
15
1850.
h. m. s.
o / //
II
s.
Oct. 16
16 27 26.09
—25 57 22.2
9.7739178
14.58
9.95382
1.08
17
31 22.11
26 8 35.4
.7683047
14,77
.95313
1.10
18
35 16.32
19 15.5
,7626301
14.96
.95246
1.11
19
39 8.57
29 22.4
.7568938
15.16
.95183
1.13
20
42 58.71
38 56.2
.7510955
15.37
,95122
1.15
21
46 46.60
47 56.8
.7452349
15,57
.95065
1.16
22
50- 32.09
26 56 24.2
.7393117
15.79
.95011
1.18
23
54 15.03
27 4 18.4
,7333257
16,01
,94960
1.20
24
16 57 55.25
11 39.6
,7272767
16.23
,94913
1.22
25
17 1 ^.57
18 27,7
.7211644
16,46
.94868
1.23
2(>
5 6,83
24 42.9
.7149888
16,70
.94828
1.25
27
8 37.85
30 25.4
.7087498
16.94
.94790
1.27
28
12 5.45
35 35.3
.7024476
17.19
.947.56
1.29
29
15 29.43
40 12.9
,6960822
17„44
,9472e
1.31
30
18 49.60
44 18.3
,6896537
17.70
.94698
1.33
31
22 5.73
47 51.8
.6831624
17,97
,94675
1.35
Nov. 1
25 17,61
50 53.8
.6766086
18,24
,94655
1.38
2
28 25,03
53 24,4
..6699930
18,52
,94638
1.40
3
31 27,74
55 24.0
.6633164
18,81
.94624
1.42
4
34 25.48
56 52,9
.6565798
19,10
,94615
1.44
5
37 18.03
57 51.3
,6497844
19.40
.94608
1.46
6
40 5.11
58 19.5
.6429320
19,71
,94605
1.49
7
42 46.45
58 17,9
,6350245
20,03
,94605
1.51
8
45 21.78
57 46,8
,6290645
20 .,35
,94608
1.54
9
47 50.82
56 46.5
,6220548
20.68
.94615
1.56
10
50 13.27
5.5 17,2
,6149989
21,02:
,94625
1.59
11
52 28.83
53 19.2
,6079008
21,37
.94638
1,61
12
54 37.21
50 52.8
.6007649
21.72
,94655
1.64
13
56 38.10
47 58.1
,5935962
22,08
.94674
1.66
14
17 58 31.19
44 35.5
,5864006
22.45
.94696
1,69
15
18 16.19
40 45.2
,5791847
22,83
„9472^
1,72
16
1 52.80
36 27.2
.5719560
23,21
,94750
1.75
]7
3 20.74
31 41.6
.5647227
23,60
,94782
1.77
18
4 39.72
26 28.4
.5574940
24,00
,94816.
1,80
19
5 49.45
20 47.7
.5502797
24,40
,94853
1,83
20
6 49.65
14 39.5
.5430907
24.81
,94893
1.86
21
7 40,07
8 3.7
.5359386
25,22
,94936
1..89
22
8 20.49
27 1 0.1
.5288359
25.63
.94982
1.92
23
8 50.67
26 53 28.6
.5217964
26.05
,95030
1.95
24
9 10.43
45 29.0
.5148347
26.47
,95081
1.98
25
9 19.61
37 1.1
.5079666
26.90
,95135
2,01
26
9 18.07
28 4.6
.5012093
27.32
.95^91
2,03
27
9 5.71
18 39.0
.4945810
27.74
.95250
2.06
28
8 42.48
26 8 44.0
.4881006
28.16
.95312
2.09
29
8 8.36
25 58 19,3
.4817880
28.57
.95376
2,12
30
7 23.39
47 24.9
.4756642
28.97
.95444
2,14
Dec. 1
6 27.65
36 0.5
.4697512
29.37
.95513
2.17
2
5 21.30
24 5.9
.4640717
29.76
.95584
2.19
3
4 4.58
25 11 41.0
,4586491
30.13
.95659
2.22
4
2 37.79'
24 58 46.1
.4535072
30,49
.95734
2.24
5
18 1 1.31
45 21.4
.4486698
30.83
.95813
2.26
6
17 59 15.59
31 27.5
.4441610
31,15
.95894
2.28
7
57 21.19
17 5.4
,4400052
31.45
.95976
2.30
8
55 18.74
24 2 16.2
.4362259
31.73
.96060
2.32
9
53 8.97
23 47 1.5
.4328452
31.97
,96146
2.33
10
50 52.65
31 23.2
.4298840
32.19
.96232
2.34
11
48 30.66
23 15 23.8
,4273616
32.38
.96320
2.35
12
46 3.94
22 59 5.9
.4252948
32.53
.96408
2.36
13
43 33.52
42 32.7
.4236976
32.65
,96495
2.36
14
41 0.47
25 47.6
.4225813
32.74
.96583
2.36
15
38 25.86
22 8 54.6
.4219542
32.79
.96671
2.36
16
n 35 50,78
—21 51 58.0
9.4218215
32.80
9.96757
2,36
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EPHEMEKIDEJS AND AUXILIARY TABLES.
Epliemeris of Venus for the first seWe^— Continued.
Ixxxiii
Wasliington. ]>Ieaii Noon*
Date.
a.
s.
log A.
r.
log cos ^^
^r.ec(J.
1850.
h. in. s.
II
s
Dec. 17
17 S3 16.36
—21 35 2.5
9.4221848
32.77
9.96843
2,35
18
30 43.72
18 12.8
.4230420
32,70
,96926
2.34
19
28 13.91
21 1 33.5
,424387«
32,60
,97007
2.33
20
25 47,95
20 45 9.3
.4262131
32,47
,97086
2.31
21
23 26.80
29 5,1
,4285052
32,30
,97163
2,30
22
21 11,38
20 13 25.5
,4312487
32.09
.97236
2.28
23
19 2.53
19 58 14.9
,4344261
31,86
,97307
2.26
24
17 0.96
43 37,2
.4380176
31,60
,97374
2.24
25
15 7.36
29 35.1
.4420012
31.31
.97437
2,21
26
15 22.29
16 14,8
,4463532
30.99
.97496
2.19
27
11 46.24
19 3 36,2
,4510497
30,66
,97552
2.16
28
10 19,59
18 51 42,5
.4560665
30.31
,97603
2.14
29
9 2,62
40 35,6
.4613789
29.94
,97651
2.11
30
7 55.57
30 17,0
.4669623
29.56
.97695'
2.08
31
6 58,60
§0 47,6
,4727919
29.16
.97735
2.05
1851.
Jan. 1
6 11.82
12 7.8
,4788439
28,76
,97771
2.02
2
5 35.25
18 4 17.9
.4850958
28,35
.97803
1.99
3
5 8.88
17 57 17.6
.4915256
27.93
,97832
1.96
4
4 52,66
51 6.3
.4981120
27.51
,97857
1.93
5
4 46.50
45 43,0
,5048354
27,09
.97879
1.90
6
4 50.25
41 6,6
.5116777
26,67
.97898
1,87
7
5 3,74
37 15.9
.5186239
20.24
,97913
1.84
8 ;
5 26,83
34 9.2
.5256514
25.82
.97922
1.81
9
5 59.33
31 44.8
.5327505
25,40
.97935
1.78
10
6 41.01
30 0.9
.5399058
24,99
.97942
1.75
11
7 31,65
28 55,6
.5471047
24,58
.97946
1.72
12
8 31.05
28 26,8
.5543351
24.17
.97948
1.69
13
9 38.98
28 32.. 3
.5615859
23,77
.97948
1.66
14
10 55.21
29 10,0
,5688470
23.38
,97945
1.63
15
12 19,52
30 17.7
.5761091
22.99
.97941
1.61
16
13 51,67
31 53.4
.5833637
22.61
.97934
1.58
17
15 31.40
33 54.7
,5906030
22.24
,97926
1.56
18
17 18.48
36 19.3
,5978201
21.87
.,97917
1.53
19
19 12.69
39 5.2
.6050086
21.51
,97906
1.51
20
21 13.81
42 10.1
.6121629
21.16
.97893
1.48
21
23 21,59
45 31.8
.6192780
20.81
.97880
1.46
22
25 35,80
49 8,2
.6263493
20.48
,97865
1.43
23
27 56.23
52 57.2
.6333728
20.15
.97849
1.41
24
30 22.64
17 56 56.8
.6403450
19.83
.97833
1.39
25
32 54.83
18 1 5.1
.6472630
19.52
.97817
1.37
26
35 32.58
5 20.0
-.6541241
19.21
,97799
1.35
27
38 15,70
5 39.7
,6609259
13.91
..97781
1.33
28
41 3.98
14 2.3
.6676668
18.62
.97763
1.31
29
43 57.22
18 26.0
.6743453
18.34
.97744
1.29
30
46 55,24
22 49,1
.6809601
18,06
.97726
1.27
31
49 57..87
27 10.1
.6875] 04
17.79
.97707
1.25
Feb. 1
53 4.92
31 27.3
,6939956
17.52
.976a9
1.23
2
56 16.23
35 39.1
.7004154
17.27
.97671
1.21
3
17 59 31,64
39 44.1
,7087697
17,02
.97654
1.20
4
18 2 50.99
43 40.9
.7130582
16.77
.97637
1.18
5
6 14.13
47 28.1
.7192811
16.53
.97621
1.16
6
.9 40.93
Si 4.4
.7254387
16, .30
.97606
1.15
7
13 11.25
54 28.5
.7315313
16.07
.■97591
1.13
8
16 44.96
18 57 39.1
.7375591
15.85
.97577
1.12
9
20 21.93
19 35.2
.7435225
15.64
.97565
1.10
10
24 2.03
3 15.7
.7494219
15.43
.97553
1,09
11
27 45,16
5 39.4
.7552579
15.22
.97542
1.07
12
31 31,20
7 45.3
.7610308
15.02
.97533
1.06
; 13
18 35 20.04
—19 9 32.5
9.7667411
14.82
9.97525
1.05
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Ixxxiv
EPHEMERIDES AND AUXILIARY TABLES.
Ephemeris of Venus for the second series, or inferior conjunction 0/ 1852.
ly^asliiiigtoii Mean Noon,
Date.
a.
d.
log A.
r.
log COS 0.
irsecO^
1852.
h. m. s.
1 II
It
s.
May 26
7 28 35.95
+24 50 45.1
9.7753112
14.53
9.95781
1.07
27
32 8,02
40 39.3
.7694729
14.73
.95841
1.08
28
35 36.06
30 11.6
.7635691
14.93
.95901
1.09
29
38 59.96
19 23.0
.7575999
15.14
.95963
1.11
30
42 19.58
24 8 14.5
.7515657
15.35
.96027
1.12
31
45 34.77
23 56 47,1
.7454669
15.57
.96091
1.14
June 1
48 45.40
45 1.9
.7393039
15.79
,96157
1.15
2
51 51.35
32 59.7
.7330773
16.01
,96223
1.16
3
54 52.48
20 41.5
.7267881
16.25
.96291
1.18
4
7 57 48.64
23 8 8.5
.7204371
16.49
.96359
1.20
5
8 39.69
22 55 21.8
.7140253
16.73
.96427
1.21
6
3 25.47
42 22.3
.VU7ob40
16.98
.96496
1.23
7
6 5.84
29 11.2
.7010242
17.24
.96566
1.24
8
8 40.64
15 49.6
.6944378
17.51
.96635
1.26
9
11 9.72
22 2 18.6
.6877963
17.78
.96704
1.28
10
13 32.90
21 48 39.4
.6811017
18.05
.96774
1.30
11
15 50.01
34 53.2
.6743564
18.33
.96844
1.31
12
18 0.88
21 1.1
.6675627
18.62
,96912
1.33
13
20 5.32
21 7 4.2
.6607234
18.92
,96981
1.35
14
22 3.14
20 53 3.8
.6538418
19.22
,97049
1.37
15
23 54.15
39 1.2
.6469214
19.53
.97116
1.39
16
25 38.14
24 57.6
.6399662
19.85
.97182
1.41
17
27 14.89
20 10 54.3
.6329807
20.17
.97248
1.43
18
28 44.19
19 56 52.6
,6259704
20.50
.97313
1.45
]9
30 5.83
42 53.7
.6189411
20.83
.97377
1.47
20
31 19.58
28 59.0
,6118993
21.17
.97439
1.50
21
32 25.21
15 9.9
.6048524
21.52
.97501
1.52
22
33 22.50
19 1 27.6
.5978088
21.87
.97561
1.54
23
34 11.22
18 47 53.5
.5907778
22.23
.97619
1.57
24
34 51,16
34 29.0
.5837692
22.59
.97677
1.59
25
35 22.13
21 15.5
.5767938
22.95
.97733
1.61
26
35 43.93
18 8 14.2
.5698634
23.32
.97787
1.64
27
35 56.38
17 55 26.5
.5629913
23.69
.97839
1.66
28
35 59.32
42 53.8
.5561920
24.07
.97890
1.68
29
35 52.63
30 37.3
.5494807
24.44
.97940
1.71
30
35 36.19
18 38.3
.5428732
24.82
.97987
1.73
July 1
35 9.92
17 6 57.9
.5363863
25.19
,98032
1.76
2
34 33.77
16 55 37.4
.5300382
25.56
.98076
1.78
3
33 47.75
44 38.0
.5238480
25.93
.98118
1.81
4
32 51.92
34 0.7
.5178354
26.29
.98159
1.83
5
31 46.36
23 46.4
.5120209
26.65
.98197
1.85
6
30 31.22
13 56.0
.5064250
26.99
.98233
1.87
7
29 6.71
16 4 30.6
.5010687
27.33
.98268
1.90
8
27 33.09
15 55 30.9
.4959735
27.65
.98300
1.92
9
25 50.69
46 57.7
.4911613
27.96
.98331
1.94
10
23 59.91
38 51.5
.4866534
28.25
.98360
1.96
11
22 1.19
31 13.0
.4824704
28.52
.98387
1.97
12
19 55.05
24 2.7
.4786323
28.77
.98411
1.99
13
17 42.08
17 20.9
.4751580
29.00
.98435
2.00
14
15 22.95
11 7.9
.4720657
29.21
.98456
2.03
15
12 58.39
5 23.8
.4693721
29.39
.98476
2.03
16
10 29.18
15 9.0
.4670919
29.55
.98494
2.04
17
7 56.12
14 55 23.5
.4652377
29.68
.98510
2.05
18
5 20.09
51 7.2
.4638199
29.77
,98525
2.05
19
2 42.02
47 19.9
.4628470
29.84
.98537
2.06
20
8 2.86
44 1.4
.4623245
29.88
,98548
2.06
21
7 57 23.54
41 11.4
.4622553
29.88
,98557
2.06
22
54 45.03
38 49.5
.4626392
29.85
.98566
2.06
23
52 8.29
36 55.2
.46347:^
29.80
.98571
2.05
24
49 34.28
35 28.0
.4647517
29.71
.98576
2.05
25
7 47 3.90
+14 34 27.1
9.4664665
29.59
9,98580
2.04
Hosted by
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EPHEMERIDES AND AUXILIARY TABLES.
Ixxxv
Epliemeris of Venus for the second series — Continued.
"Wasliingtoii Mean IVooii,
Date.
a.
8,
log A.
r.
log cos §^
— ^sec J.
1852.
h. in. s.
° 1 II
II
s.
July 26
7 44 38.03
+14 33 51.8
9.4686071
29.45
9.98581
2.03
27
42 17.51
33 41.3
.4711603
29.27
.98582
2.02
28
40 3.13
33 54.7
.4741106
29.07
.98581
2.00
29
37 55.60
34 30.9
.4774406
28.85
.98579
1.99
30
35 55.58
35 28.7
.4811314
28.61
.98576
1.97
31
34 3.64
36 47.1
.4851627
28.35
.98572
1.95
Aug. 1
32 20.26
38 24.8
.4895135
28.06
.98567
1.93
2
30 45.89
40 20.5
.4941620
27.76
.98560
1.91
3
29 20.88
42 33.0
.4990861
27.45
.98553
1.89
4
28 5.50
45 0.7
.5042636
27.13
.98545
1.87
5
26 59.96
47 42.2
.5096723
26.79
.98536
1.85
6
26 4.40
50 36.2
.5152906
26.45
.98526
1.82
7
25 18.90
53 41.1
.5210975
26.10
.98516
1.80
8
24 43.50
14 56 55.4
.5270726
25.74
.98505
1.78
9
24 18.18
15 17.7
.5331963
25.38
.98493
1.75
10
24 2.85
3 46.3
.5394504
25.01
.98482
1.73
11
23 57.40
7 19.8
.5458175
24.65
.98470
1.70
12
24 1.69
10 56.8
.5522813
24.29
.98457
1.68
13
24 15.58
14 35.9
.5588265
23.92
.98445
1.65
14
24 38.88
18 15.5
.5654393
23.56
.98432
1.63
15
25 11.38
21 54.2
.5721067
23.20
.98419
1.60
16
25 52.85
25 30.5
.5788168
22.85
.98407
1.58
17
26 43.06
29 3.2
.5855585
22.50
.98395
1.56
18
27 41.78
32 30.9
.5923220
22.15
.98382
1.53
19
28 48.78
35 52.3
.5990984
21.80
.98370
1.51
20
30 3.81
39 6.2
.6058795
21.47
.98359
1.49
21
31 26.62
42 11.2
.6126579
21.13
.98348
1.46
22
32 56.97
45 6.2
.6194266
20.81
.98338
1.44
23
34 34.64
47 50.1
.6261794
20.49
.98328
1.42
24
36 19.39
50 21.5
.6329106
20.17
.98319
1.40
25
38 10.98
52 39.4
.6396153
19.86
.98310
1.38
26
40 9.17
54 42.8
.6462889
19.56
.98303
1.36
27
42 13.74
56 30.6
.6529272
19.26
.98297
1.34
28
44 24.47
58 1.7
.6595264
18.97
.98291
1.32
29
46 41.14
15 .59 15.2
.6660828
18.69
.98287
1.30
30
49 3.55
16 10.2
.6725935
18.41
,98284
1.28
31
51 31.47
45.7
.6790557
18.14
.98282
1.26
Sept. 1
54 4.70
1 0.9
.6854669
17.87
.98281
1.24
2
56 43.03
55.0
.6918250
17.61
.98281
1.22
3
7 59 26.26
J6 27.3
.6981281
17.36
.98283
1.20
4
8 2 14.19
15 59 37.0
.7043746
17.11
.98285
1.19
5
5 6.62
58 23.4
.7105631
16.87
.98291
1.17
6
8 3.36
56 45.9
.7166925
16.63
.98296
1.15
7
11 4.23
54 43.9
.7227618
16.40
.98303
1.14
8
14 9.05
52 16.9
.7287702
16.18
.98312
1.12
9
17 17.65
49 24.5
.7347174
15.96
.98322
1.11
10
20 29.84
46 6.1
.7406030
15.74
.98334
1.09
11
23 45.47
42 21.4
.7464268
15.53
.98348
1.08
12
27 4.38
38 9.9
.7521888
15.33
.98362
1.06
13
30 26.41
33 31.3
.7578892
15.13
.98379
1.05
14
33 51.42
28 25.4
.7635283
14.93
.98397
1.03
15
37 19.26
22 52.0
.7691064
14.74
.98416
1.02
16
40 49.80
16 50.7
.7746240
14.56
.984.37
1.01
17
8 44 22.91
+15 10 21.5
9.7800817
14.37
9.98459
0.99
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IxXXvi EPHEMERIDES AND AUXILIARY TABLES.
The defect of illumination in right-ascension and declination may be readily obtained upon
the admissible assumptions that the planet is spherical and illuminated by parallel solar rays.
We are to compute the corrections to the measurements by a micrometer, the threads of which
represent hour and declination-circles, and are tangent to the defective limbs at the points h
and d, respectively. The illuminated portion of the planet is separated from the other half by
a plane perpendicular to the line from the sun to the planet, and its visible boundary will be
projected upon the plane of the apparent disc as a semi-ellipse. The plane is horned or gibbous,
according as the planetocentric angle between earth and sun is more or less than 90°; and the
unilluminated portion of the solar disc is, in each case, upon that side of the planet from which
the sun is more than 180° distant— this geocentric angular distance being counted from the
centre of the planet toward either side.
Employing r, as heretofore, for the apparent semidiameter of the planet, and de|;ioting the
semiaxes of the ellipse by a and &, we have r = a. And representing, in the plane triangle
Sun-Earth-Planet, the two first angles by the initial letters of the respective bodies, we may
assume, without appreciable error,
6 ==z r cos (S' -f- E)
an expression which gives to the minor semiaxis a negative sign when the visible ellipse is
unilluminated — i. e., the planet horned.
Denoting now the geocentric longitude, right-ascension, and declination of the sun, by L, A, D,
the geocentric right-ascension and declination of the planet by a, d
the heliocentric longitude and latitude '^ '' ^, ^
all of which quantities may be directly taken from the ephemerides— we have the equations
cos 8= — cos /? cos (A — L)
cos E:= sin d sin i) + cos 5 cos D cos («— ^)
sin E cosp — — cos (? sin Z^ + sin d cos D cos (a— A)
sin E 8mp=: — cos D sin (a— A)
It is evident that the angle ^9 is equal to the angle made with the semiaxis a by the tangent
at d, or to the complement of that made by the tangent at h. The first equation may also be
written
;S^zz:180° + i — A+2sin2i/3cotg (L — X)
and of the three angles S, E,p, the first two determine the magnitude of the ellipse, and never
exceed 180^, while the last, counted like other angles of position from north through east round
to the semiaxis 6, fixes its position.
A convenient mode of computing the angles E and jp is afforded by the employment of auxili-
ary quantities g and G ; so that
g sin G = cos E cos (a — A)
g cos Gz=z sin E
, cos E sin {a — A)
^^"^ P - ~J^{G + d)
cotg E = tan {G + d) cos p.
The general expression for the tangent of the angle included between a tangent to the ellipse
and its major axis is
and the distance between the centre of the ellipse and the point where this tangent intersects
the major axis is — • Hence we have
at the point h cotgp = —^
at the point d tanp = —
a^ y
ji
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EPHEMERIDES AND AUXILIARY TABLES. IxXXTil
and transforming to oblique coordinates x^ and y^ parallel to the hour and declination circles,
^1 = -7 . cos^; y^= sm p.
X x'
or eliminating x! and a/' by the equation of the ellipse a^ W •=.ly^ x- Ar c? y-
x^ zzz a^ cos^ p + i^ sin^^3.
y^^ =: a^ sin^ j9 + ^^ cos^^.
in which the substitution of the values a =z r, b =z cos (S -{' E) give
ccj = r V 1 — sin^ p sin^ {S + .£/)
2/j = r V 1 ™ cos^ p sin^ (/S' + E)
which_, being subtracted from the semidiameter, give the defect of illumination
z/a cos ^ = r — x^izz r (1 — '^/ 1 — sin^ p sin^ [8 + E)^
Jd = r — y^ = r(l— V 1 — cos> sin^ (/S' + j&),
For the preliminary correction in parallax we have, as usual,
/ -s^^ p cos cp' . //J N
A cos (J ^ ^
A ^ ^ sin C
in which o! and d^ denote the geocentric places, and ^ is the auxiliary angle
tan ^ zzz tan cp^ sec (^ — a)
The second equation may be written,
o^ — 8=: — __? ^o sin cp^ (sin 8 cotg C — cos (?) zr — ^ < /? cos ^p^ sin d cos (^ — «) — p sin ^' cos d i
A COS (? 7c' sin <? //) N
=: — COS (6 — a)
A A ^ ^
It is very convenient to make use of auxiliary tables for these values, at least in the case of
series so extended as the Santiago observations ; we, therefore, write
a — o! z=z A sin (d — a)
d — 8' = I) + Ecos (d — a)
and construct tables of ^=: ~— ^ — -; D =: — .^L— — ; E=: 1 — ^]^ ^ , and for meridian observa-
A cos (5 A A
tions D + ^'z^ — ^ sin (cp' — d)
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Ircxxviii
EPHEMERIDES AND AUXILIARY TABLES
Parallax-tahles for Santiago,
Mars I.
Washington Noon.
1849.— Dec. 7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
1850.— Jan. 1
2
3
4
5
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
1
2
3
4
5
Feb.
1.13625
1.13703
1.13765
1.13811
1.13840
1.13852
1.13848
1.13827
1.13790
1.13735
1.13684
1.13576
1.13472
1.13352
1.13315
1.13062
1.12894
1.12710
1.12512
1.12299
1.12071
1.11829
1.11574
1.11306
1.11026
1.10734
1.10430
1.10115
1.09790
1.09455
1.09110
1.08756
1.08393
1.08022
1.07644
1.07258
1.08866
1.06468
1.08064
1.05654
1.05210
1.04821
1.04399
1.03974
1.03545
1.03114
1.02680
1.02244
1.01807
1.01368
1.00928
1.00487
1.00046
0.99605
0.99163
0.98721
0.98279
0.97838
0.97397
0.96957
0.96517
78
62
46
29
12
"4
21
37
55
71
88
104
120
137
153
168
184
198
213
228
242
255
268
280
292
304
315
325
335
345
354
363
371
378
386
392
398
404
410
414
419
422
425
429
431
434
436
437
439
440
441
441
441
442
442
442
441
441
440
440
+7.236
7.244
7.249
7.252
7.252
7.250
7.245
7.238
7.229
7.217
7.203
7.186
7.167
7.145
7.121
7.095
7.067
7.036
7.004
6.970
6.934
6.896
6.857
6.816
6.773
6.729
6.684
6.637
6.589
6.540
6.490
6.439
6.388
6.336
6.283
6.229
6.175
6.120
6.065
6.010
5.955
5.900
5.844
5.788
5.733
5.678
5.623
5.568
5.513
5.459
5.405
5.351
5.298
5.245
5.193
5.141
5.089
5.038
4.987
4.937
4-4.888
12
14
17
19
22
24
26
28
31
32
34
36
38
39
41
43
44
45
47
48
49
50
51
51
52
53
54
54
55
55
55
55
55
56
56
55
55
54
54
54
53
53
52
52
52
51
51
50
49
0.73328
0.73456
0.73565
0.73655
0.73726
0.73778
0.73810
0.73823
0.73816
0.73789
0.73742
0.73675
0.73589
0.73483
0.73358
0.73215
0.73053
0.72873
0.72676
0.72461
0.72230
0.71983
0.71720
0.71443
0.71151
0.70846
0.70528
0.70197
0.69855
0.69502
0.69138
0.68765
0.68382
0.67991
0.67592
0.67185
0.66772
0.68353
0.65928
0.65499
0.65085
0.64628
0.64187
0.63743
0.63297
0.62849
0.62400
0.61949
0.61498
0.61046
0.60594
0.60142
0.59690
0.59239
0.58788
0.58338
0.57889
0.57441
0.56995
0.56550
0.56107
128
109
90
71
52
32
13
~7
27
47
67
86
108
125
143
162
180
197
215 '
231
247
263
277
292
305
318
331
342
353
364
373
383
391
399
407
413
419
425
429
434
437
441
444
446
448
449
451
451
452
452
452
452
451
451
450
449
448
446
445
443
D-\-E.
+12.65
12.67
12.69
12.70
12,71
12.72
12.72
12. VI
12.70
12.69
12.67
12.64
12.61
12.58
12.54
12.49
12.44
12.39
12.33
12.27
12.21
12.14
12.07
12.00
11.92
11.84
11.76
11,67
11.58
11.49
11.40
11.31
11.22
11.12
11.02
10.93
10.83
10.73
10.63
10.53
10.43
10.33
10.23
10.13
10.03
9.93
9.83
9.73
9.63
9.54
9.44
9.35
9.25
9.16
9.06
8.97
8.88
8.79
8.70
8.61
8.53
10
10
9
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
9
10
9
10
9
10
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EPHEMERIDES AND AUXILIARY TABLES.
Purallax tables for Santiago.
Ixxxix
Mars II.
Washington Noon.
log. ^.
18gl. Dec. 12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
1852. Jan. 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
IS
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
30
31
Feb. 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
0.9B809
0.97171
0.97533
97895
0.98255
0.98613
0.98970
0.99325
0.99677
1.00027
1.00373
1.00716
1.01055
1.01390
1.01720
1.02045
1.02364
1.02677
1.02984
1.03284
1.03577
1.03862
1.04139
1.04407
1.04666
1.04916
1.05155
1.05384
?. 0.5602
1.05808
1.06003
1.06185
1.06355
1.06512
1.06655
1.06784
1.06899
1.07000
1.07086
1.07157
1.07212
1.07252
1.07276
1,072:84
1,07277
1.07254
1.07215
1.07160
1,07090
1,07004
1.06903
1.06787
1.06657
1.06512
1.06353
1,06180
1.05994
1.05794
1.05581
1.05356
1.05119
362
362
362
360
358
357
355
352
350
346
343
339
335
330
325
319
313
307
300
293
285
277
268
259
250
239
929
218
206
195
182
170
157
143
129
115
101
86
7i
55
40
24 i
8 I
23
39
55
70
86
101
116
130
145
159
173
186
200
213
225
237
+5.412
5.455
5,498
5.541
5.584
5.627
5.669
5.712
5.754
5.796
5.837
5.878
5.919
5.959
5,998
6.036
6.073
6.109
6.145
6.180
6.213
6.245
6.276
6.305
6.333
6.359
6.384
6.408
6.430
6.4,50
6,468
6,484
6.498
6.510
6.520
6.528
6.534
6.538
6.539
6.539
6.. 536
6,531
6.524
6,515
6.503
6,489
6.473
6,456
6,437
6.416
6,393
6,368
6,342
6,314
6.284
6.253
6.220
6,186
6,151
6,115
+6.077
43
43
43
43
43
42
43
42
42
41
41
41
40
39
38
37
36
36
35
33
32
31
29
28
26
25
24
22
20
18
16
14
12
10
4
1
~3
5
7
9
12
14
16
17
19
21
23
25
26
log. E.
0.46712
0.47135
0.47564
0.48000
0.48441
0.48888
0.49340
0.49797
0.50259
0.50725
0.51194
0.51666
0.52140
0.52616
0.53093
0.53570
0.54046
0.54521
0.54994
0.55464
0.55931
0.56393
0.56850
57301
0.57745
0.58181
0.58608
0.59026
0.59433
0.59829
0.60212
0.60582
0.60939
0.61281
0.61607
0.61917
0.62209
0.62483
0.62740
0.62978
0.63196
0.63395
0.63573
0.63730
0.63867
0,63983
0.64077
0,64150
0.64202
0.64233
0,64242
0,64231
0,64199
0.64147
0.64075
0.63983
0,63872
0.63742
0.63594
0.63428
0.63244
423
429
436
441
447
452
457
462
466
469
472
474
476
477
477
476
475
473
470
467
462
457
451
444
436
427
418
407
383
370
357
342
326
310
292
274
257
238
218
199
178
157
137
116
94
73
52
31
9
IT
32
52
'72
92
111
130
148
166
184
201
JD+E.
+8.34
8.42
8,49
8,56
8,64
8.71
8,78
8.86
8,94
9,01
9.09
9.16
9,24
9.32
9.39
9.47
9,54
9.62
9,69
9.77
9.84
9,91
9,98
10.05
10.11
10.18
10,24
10.30
10 36
10.42
10.47
10,52
10.57
10.61
10.65
10,69
10,72
10,75
10.78
10.80
10.82
10.84
10.85
10.85
10.86 •
10.85
10,85
10.84
10.82
10.80
10.78
10.76
10.73
10.69
10,66
10,62
10.57
10,52
10.48
10.42
+10.37
5
5
4
4
4
3
3
3
2
2
2
1
1
T
1
2
2
2
2
3
4
3
4
5
5
4
6
5
NO
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xc
EPHEMERIDES AND AUXILIARY TABLES.
Parallax taUes for Santiago.
Mars II — Continued.
Washington Noon.
1852. Feb. 11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
Mar. 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
log. ^.
1.04870
1.04610
1.04339
1.04057
1.03765
1.03464
1.03154
1.02835
1.02508
1.02173
1.01831
1.01482
1.01126
1.00765
1.00398
1.00026
0.99649
0.99268
0.98883
0.98495
0.98103
0.97708
0.97310
0.96910
0.96508
0.96104
0.95698
0.95291
0.94883
0.94474
0.94064
0.93654
0.93243
0.92832
0.92421
0.92010
0.91599
0.91189
0.90779
0.90370
249
280
271
282
292
301
310
319
327
335
342
349
356
361
367
372
377
381
385
388
392
395
398
400
402
404
406
407
408
409
410
410
411
411
411
411
411
410
410
D.
+6.039
6.000
5.960
5.919
5.877
5.835
5.792
5.748
5.704
5.660
5.616
5.571
5.526
5.481
5.436
5.391
5.346
5.301
5.256
5.211
5.167
5.123
5.079
5.035
4.992
4.949
4.906
4.864
4.822
4.780
4.739
4.698
4.658
4.618
4.579
4.540
4.501
4.463
4.425
-{-4.388
38
39
40
41
42
42
43
44
44
44
44
45
45
45
45
45
45
45
45
45
44
44
44
44
43
43
43
42
42
42
41
41
40
40
39
39
39
38
38
37
log. E.
0.63043
0.62826
0.62592
0.62343
0.62079
0.61800
0.61508
0.61203
0.60885
0.60555
0.60214
0.59862
0.59499
0.59127
0.58745
0.58355
0.57956
0.57549
0.57135
0.56714
0.56286
0.55852
0.55413
0.54968
0.54518
0.54063
0.53604
0.53140
0.52672
0.52201
0.51726
0.51247
0.50765
0.50280
0.49793
0.49303
0.48810
0.48315
0.47817
0.47318
201
217
234
249
264
279
292
305
318
330
341
352
363
372
382
390
399
407
414
421
428
434
439
445
450
455
459
464
468
471
475
479
482
485
487
490
493
495
498
499
J)-{-E.
^-10. 31
10.25
10.19
10.12
10.05
9.98
9.91
9.84
9.77
9.69
9.62
9.54
9.46
9.38
9.30
9.22
9.14
9.06
8.98
8.90
8.82
8.74
8.66
8.58
8.50
8.42
8.34
8.26
8.18
8.11
8.03
7.95
7.88
7.80
7.73
7.65
7.58
7.50
7.43
+7.36
Hosted by
Google
EPHEMERIDES AND AUXILIARY TABLES.
Parallax tables for Santiago,
XCl
Venus I,
Washington Noon.
1850.
Nov,
Oct. 16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
Dec, 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
1.12715
1.13345
1,13979
1,14616
1.15256
1,15899
1.16546
1,17196
1,17848
1.18503
1,19162
1,19824
1,20488
1.21155
1,21825
1,22498
1.23173
1.23851
1,24532
1,25216
1.25902
1.26590
1.27281
1.27974
1,28668
1,29363
1,30060
1,30757
1,31455
1,32152
1.32848
1.33542
1.34234
1,34923
1.35607
1.36286
1.36959
1.37624
1.38279
1,. 38924
1.39557
1.40176
1.40780
1.41367
1.41934
1.42479
1.43001
1.43497
1.43965
1.44403
1,44808
1.45177
1.45512
1.45806
1.46059
1.46268
1,46433
1.46552
1.46623
1.46647
1.46622
1.46549
630
634
637
640
643
647
650
652
655
659
662
664
667
670
673
675
678
681
684
691
693
694
695
697
697
698
697
696
694
692
689
684
679
673
665
655
645
633
619
604
587
.567
.545
522
496
468
253
209
163
119
71
24
25
73
122
+7.107
7.188
7.27]
7.357
7.446
7.537
7.631
7.728
7,828
7.931
8.037
8,146
8,258
8.374
8.494
8.617
8.744
8.875
9.009
9.148
9.291
9.438
9.589
9.745
10.070
10,239
10,412
10,590
10,773
10,960
11.151
11.347
11.547
11.750
11.957
12,167
12.381
12,597
12.816
13.036
13.2.58
13.480
13.702
13.923
14.143
14.360
14.573
14.781
14,984
15.179
15.366
15.543
15.709
15.863
16.003
16.129
16.239
16.332
16.407
16.464
-f- 16.502
81
83
86
89
91
94
97
100
103
106
109
112
116
120
123
127
131
134
139
143
147
151
156
160
165
169
173
178
183
187
191
196
200
203
207
210
214
216
219
220
222
222
222
221
220
217
213
208
203
195
187
177
166
154
140
126
110
93
75
57
38
18
log. E.
710.72213
nO. 73064
wO. 73905
nO. 74736
wO. 75557
nO. 76369
wO. 77172
wO, 77967
nO. 78753
wO. 79531
nO. 80302
nO, 81065
nO. 81820
nO, 82568
710,83309
710.84044
710,84772
710.85494
710,86209
710,86918
710,87620
710.88316
7i0, 89006
710.89690
710.90367
7^0.91037
710,91700
7x0,92356
710,93003
710,93642
7x0.94271
7x0,94890
7x0,95498
7x0,96094
7x0,96677
7x0, 97246
7x0.97799
7x0.98335
7x0,98852
nO, 99348
7x0.99822
7x1.00271
ril. 00694
7x1,01088
7x1.01451
7x1.01779
7x1.02071
7x1.02323
7x1.02533
7x1.02699
7x1.02817
7x1.02885
7x1.02901
7x1.02861
7x1.02765
7x1.02610
7x1.02395
7x1.02120
7x1.01784
7x1.01386
7x1.00928
7x1.00412
851
841
831
821
812
803
795
786
778
771
763
755
748
741
735
728
722
715
709
702
696
690
684
677
670
663
656
647
639
629
619
608
596
583
569
553
536
517
496
474
449
423
394
363
328
292
252
210
166
118
68
16
40
96
155
215
275
336
398
458
516
573
D-fjE.
+1,83
1.81
1.79
1,77
1,75
1.74
1,72
1.71
1.70
1.69
1,68
1,68
1,68
1,68
1.68
1.69
1.70
1,72
1.73
1.75
1.77
1,80
1.83
1.86
1,89
1,94
1,98
2,03
2.08
2.14
2,20
2,26
2.33
2.41
2.49
2,57
2.66
2,76
2.86
2,97
3.08
3.20
3.32
3,45
3.58
3.72
3,87
4.02
4.18
4,34
4.51
4.68
4.85
5.03
5.21
5.38
5.56
5.74
5.91
6.08
6.25
+ 6.41
2
2
2
2
1
2
1
1
1
1
~0
1
1
2
1
2
2
3
3
3
3
5
4
5
5
6
6
6
7
10
10
11
11
12
12
13
13
14
15
15
16
16
17
17
17
18
18
17
18
18
17
17
17
16
15
Hosted by
Google
XCli
EPHEMERIDES AND AUXILIARY TABLES.
Parallax tahlesfor Santiago,
Veiiiis I— Continued.
Washington Noon.
lo^. A.
Z).
iog.E.
D^E.
122
//
18
573
II
15
1850. Dec. 17
1.46427
169
4-16.520
1
910.99839
627
+6.56
14
18
1.46258
16.519
wO. 99212
6.70
216
20
678
13
19
1.48042
262
16.499
39
«0. 98534
725
6,83
12
20
1.45780
305
16.460
58
wO. 97809
769
6.95
11
21
1.45475
348
16.402
75
910.97040
808
7.06
10
22
1.45127
388
16.327
93
«0. 96232
842
7.16
8
23
1.44739
426
16.234
109
«0. 95390
871
7.24
7
24
1.44313
461
16.125
124
wO. 94519
895
7.31
6
25
1.43852
495
16.001
138
«0. 93624
915
7,37
4
26
1.43357
525
15.863
151
nO. 92709
929
7.41
3
27
1.42832
553
15.712
162
«0. 91780
939
7.44
1
28
1.42279
579
15.550
172
nO. 90841
945
7.45
29
1.41700
602
15.378
181
»iO. 89896
945
7.45
T
30
1.41098
623
15.197
189
wO. 88951
943
7.44
2
31
1.40475
641
15,008
195
nO. 88008
937
7.42
3
1851. Jan. 1
1.39834
658
14.813
201
wO. 87071
927
7.39
5
2
1.39176
672
14.612
205
710.86144
915
7.34
5
3
1.38504
684
694
14. .407
209
211
wO. 85229
901
884
7.29
6
7
4
1.37820
14.198
«0. 84328
7.23
5
1.37126
13.987
nO. 83444
7.16
703
213
866
8
6
1.36423
710
13.774
213
wO. 82578
847
7.08
8
7
1.35713
715
13.561
214
riO. 81731
827
7.00
10
8
1.34998
719
13.347
213
nO. 80904
806
6.90
9
9
1.34279
722
13.134
213
?i0. 80098
785
6.81
10
10
1. 33657
724
12.921
211
wO. 79313
764
6,71
10
11
1.32832
725
12.710
210
wO. 78549
742
6.61
11
12
1.32107
724
12.500
207
nO. 77807
721
6.50
11
13
1.31383
12,293
710.77086
6.39
724
205
701
11
14
1.30659
722
12.088
202
710.76385
681
6.28
11
15
1.29937
719
11.886
198
710.75704
662
6.17
11
16
1.29218
716
11.688
195
710.75042
643
6.06
11
17
1.28502
712
11.493
192
710.74399
626
5.95
12
18
1.27790
708
11.301
188
710.73773^
609
5.83
11
19
1.27082
703
11.113
185
7x0.73164
593
5.72
11
20
1.26379
698
10.928
181
710.72571
579
5.61
11
21
1.25681
692
10.747
177
710.71992
565
5.50
11
22
1.24989
687
10.570
173
710.71427
553
5.39
11
23
1.24302
681
10.397
170
«0. 70874
541
5,28
10
24
1.23621
675
10.227
165
710.70333
531
5.18
11
25
1.22946
669
10.062
162
710.69802
521
5.07
10
26
1.22277
662
9.900
158
710.69281
513
4.97
10
27
1.21615
656
9.742
154
710.68768
506
4.87
]0
28
1.20959
649
9.588
150
710.68262
500
4.77
9
29
1.20310
643
9.438
147
710.67762
494
4.68
10
30
1.19667
637
9.291
143
nO. 67268
490
4.58
8
31
1.19030
630
9.148
139
710.66778
487
4,50
9
Feb. 1
1.18400
625
9,009
136
710.66291
484
4.41
9
2
1.17775
618
8.873
132
710.65807
482
4.32
8
3
1.17157
612
8.741
129
710.65325
482
4.24
8
4
1.16545
606
8.612
126
710.64843
481
4.16
8
5
1.15939
600
8.486
123
710.64362
482
4.08
7
6
1.15339
595
8.363
119
710.63880
484
4,01
7
7
1.14744
589
8.244
116
710.63396
486
3.94
7
8
1.14155
583
8.128
113
710.62910
488
3.87
6
9
1.13572
578
8.015
110
710.62422
492
3.81
7
10
1.12994
573
7.905
108
710.61930
496
3.74
6
11
1.12421
568
7.797
104
710.61434
501
3,68
6
12
1.11853
564
7.693
102
710.60933
506
3.62
5
13
1.11289
4-7.59]
710.60427
+3,57
Hosted by
Google
EPHEMERIDES AND AUXILIARY TABLES.
Parallax tables for Santiago,
XClll
Venus II,
Washington Noon.
1852. May 26
27
28
29
30
31
June 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
July 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21-
22
23
24
25
log. ^.
1.12176
1.12701
1.13231
1.13765
1.14305
1.14850
1.15401
1.15957
1.16519
1.17086
1.17659
1.18237
1.18820
1.19409
1.20004
1.20604
1.21209
1.21820
1.22435
1.23055
1.23680
1.24309
1.24942
1.25579
1.26218
1.26860
1.27503
1.28147
1.28792
1.29435
1.30077
1.30716
1.31350
1.31979
1.32601
1.33214
1.33817
1.34408
1.34985
1.35547
1.36090
1.36613
1.37114
1.37591
1.38041
1.38463
1.38855
1.39214
1.39538
1.39825
1.40075
1.40285
1.40455
1.40582
1.40667
1.40708
1.40706
1.40660
1.40570
1.40437
1.40262
1.40046
525
530
534
540
545
551
556
562
567
573
578
583
589
595
600
605
611
615
620
625
629
633
637
639
642
643
644
645
643
642
639
634
629
622
513
603
591
577
562
543
523
501
477
450
422
392
359
324
287
250
210
170
127
85
41
2
46
90
133
175
216
256
D.
+ 7.150
7.256
7.366
7.478
7.594
7.713
7.835
7.960
8.089
8.221
8.356
8.638
8.784
8.934
9.087
9.244
9.405
9.569
9.737
9.909
10.084
10.263
10.446
10.632
10.821
11.014
11.209
11.407
11.608
11.812
12.017
12.223
12.430
12.638
12.846
13.053
13.259
13.462
13.662
13.859
14.051
14.236
14.415
14.586
14.748
14.900
15.041
15.169
15.285
15.387
15.475
15.547
15.603
15.642
15.665
15.671
15.660
15.632
15.588
15.528
+15.452
106
110
112
116
119
122
125
129
132
135
139
143
146
150
153
157
161
164
168
172
175
179
183
186
189
193
195
198
201
204
205
206
207
208
207
206
203
200
197
192
185
179
171
162
152
141
128
116
102
88
72
56
39
23
6
n
28
44
60
76
90
log. E.
0.70301
0.70608
0.70910
0.71206
0.71496
0.71782
0.72062
0.72337
0.72608
0.72874
0.73135
0.73392
0.73645
0.73894
0.74139
0.74380
0.74617
0.74851
0.75081
0.75308
0.75532
0.75753
0.75972
0.76188
0.76401
0.76612
0.76820
0.77025
0.77228
0.77428
0.77625
0.77819
0.78010
0.78197
0.78380
0.78558
0.78730
0.78897
0.79057
0.79210
0.79354
0.79489
0.79614
0.79727
0.79828
0.79915
0.79987
0.80043
0.80082
0.80103
0.80105
0.80087
0.80047
0.79986
0.79902
0.79795
0.79665
0.79513
0.79338
0.79140
0.78919
0.78676
307
302
296
290
286
280
275
271
266
261
257
253
249
245
241
237'
234
230
227
224
221
219
216
213
211
208
205
203
200
197
194
191
187
183
178
172
167
160
153
144
135
125
113
101
87
72
56
39
21
2
18
40
61
84
107
130
152
175
198
221
243
264
D+E.
+12.20
14
12.34
14
12.48
15
12.63
15
12.78
16
12.94
15
13.09
16
13.25
16
13.41
17
13.58
16
13.74
17
13.91
18
14.09
18
14.27
18
14.45
18
14.63
19
14.82
19
15.01
19
15.20
20
15.40
20
15.60
21
15.81
20
16.01
21
16.22
22
16.44
22
16.66
22
16.88
22
17.10
22
17.32
24
17.56
23
17.79
23
18.02
23
18.25
23
18.48
24
18.72
23
18.95
23
19.18
23
19.41
23
19.64
22
19.86
22
20.08
21
20.29
20
20.49
19
20.68
19
20.87
17
21.04
17
21.21
15
21.36
13
21.49
12
21.61
10
21.71
9
6
5
3
21.80
21.86
21.91
21.94
21.94
21.93
1
21.90
3
21.85
5
21.78
7
10
21.68
11
+21.57
Hosted by
Google
XCIV
EPHEMERIDES AND AUXILIAEY TABLES.
Parallax tables for Santiago,
■Venus II — Continued.
Washington Noon.
1852.
July 27
28
Aug.
Sopt,
30
31
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
log. ^.
1.39790
1.39496
1.39165
1.38799
1.38400
1.37970
1.37512
1.37027
1.36517
1.35985
1.35433
1.34863
1.34276
1.33675
1.33062
1.32438
1.31804
1.31162
1.30513
1.29859
1.29200
1.28538
1.27874
1.27208
1.26541
1.25874
1.25208
1.24543
1.23879
1.23217
1.22557
1.21900
1.21245
1.20594
1.19946
1.19302
1.18661
1.18025
1.17393
1.16765
1.16142
1.15523
1.14909
1.14299
1.13694
1.13094
1.12498
1.11907
1.11321
1.10739
1.10162
1.09589
1.09021
256
294
331
366
399
430
458
485
510
532
552
570
587
601
6]3
624
634
642
649
654
659
662
664
666
667
667
666
665
664
662
660
657
655
651
648
644
641
636
632
628
623
619
614
610
605
600
596
591
586
582
577
573
568
+15.362
15.257
15.140
15.011
14.871
14.721
14.562
14.395
14.222
14.043
13.860
13.672
13.482
13.290
13.096
12.902
12.708
12.514
12.321
12.130
11.941
11.754
11.569
11.386
11.207
11.031
10.858
10.688
10.521
10.358
10.198
10.042
9.889
9.740
9.594
9.452
9.313
9.178
9.046
8.917
8.792
8.670
8.551
8.436
8.323
8.213
8.106
8.002
7.901
7.802
7.706
7.612
+ 7.521
90
105
117
129
140
150
159
167
173
179
183
188
190
192
194
194
194
194
193
191
189
187
185
183
179
176
173
170
167
163
160
156
153
149
145
142
139
135
132
129
125
122
119
115
113
110
107
104
101
99
96
94
91
log. E.
0.78412
0.78128
0.77824
0.77502
0.77162
0.76806
0.76434
0.76048
0.75649
0.75237
74814
0.74380
0.73938
0.73483
0.73021
0.72551
0.72073
0.71.588
71096
0.70597
0.70092
0.69580
0.69061
0.68535
0.68003
0.67464
0.66918
0.66365
0.65804
0.65236
0.64660
0.64076
0.63483
0.62881
0.62270
0.61650
0.61020
0.60380
0.59730
0.59068
0.58395
0.57710
0.57013
0.56303
0.55581
0.54845
0.54095
0.53330
0.525,'50
0.51754
0.50942
0.50112
0.49265
264
284
304
322
340
356
372
386
399
412
423
434
444
453
462
470
478
485
492
499
505
512
519
526
532
539
546
553
561
568
576
584
593
602
611
620
630
640
650
662
673
685
697
710
722
736
750
765
780
796
812
830
847
D-f-jE.
-j-21.44
21.30
21.14
20.97
20.78
20.58
20.37
20.16
19.93
19.70
19.46
19.22
18.97
18.72
18.47
18.22
17.96
17.71
17.46
17.21
16.96
16.72
16.47
16.23
15.99
15.76
15.53
15.30
15.07
14.85
14.63
14.42
14.20
13.99
13.79
13.59
13.39
13.19
13.00
12.81
12.63
12.45
12.27
12.09
11.92
11.75
11.58
11.42
11.26
11.10
10.94
10.78
-1-10.63
13
14
16
17
19
20
21
21
23
23
24
24
25
25
25
25
26
25
25
25
25
24
25
24
24
23
23
23
23
22
22
21
22
21
20
20
20
20
19
19
18
18
18
18
17
17
17
16
16
16
16
16
15
For correcting the Santiago observations for differential refraction we have, using as before,
« ^ a, d, to denote the respective positions of the planet and its comparison-star ; k, the refrac-
tion from BesseVs third table, and C the zenith distance :
cos C = sin n sin {N + d)
and as a correction for the measured differences,
K (5 — d)
d{a — a)r— ^ ^
sin^-^^+d)
_ K (^ — d)
^2lil±^ eotg n
cos^ d
^(«5-d)=^,^,
sin2 {N+ d)
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EPHEMERIDES AND AUXILIARY TABLES.
XCV
in which the auxiliary quantities iV^cotg n sin n are taken from the following table, which has
been computed for the latitude of Santiago, and for the hour-angle /? — a as argument.
Table for computation of differential refraction at Santiago,
1 — a.
h. m.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58'
59
60
123 26 25
26 26
26 29
26 34
26 40
26 48
26 58
27 10
27 23
27 39
27 56
28 15
28 36
28 58
29 23
29 49
30 17
30 47
31 18
31 52
32 27
33 4
33 44
34 24
35 7
35 52
36 38
37 26
38 16
39 8
40 2
40 57
41 55
42 54
43 55
44 58
46 3
47 10
48 19
49 29
50 42
51 56
53 12
54 30
55 51
57 13
123 58 36
124 2
1 30
3
4 31
6 5
7 40
9 18
10 57
12 39
14 22
16 8
17 55
19 44
124 21 36
1
3
5
6
8
10
12
13
16
17
19
21
22
25
26
28
30
31
34
35
37
40
40
43
45
46
48
50
52
54
55
58
59
61
63
65
67
69
70
73
74
76
78
81
90
91
94
95
98
99
102
103
106
107
109
112
log. COtg 7
7.56122
7.86226
8.03836
8.16331
8.26023
8.33943
8.40639
8.46441
8.51559
8.56137
8.60280
8.64062
8.67542
8.70764
8.73765
8.76573
8.79211
8.81698
8.84052
8.86285
8.88411
8.90437
8.92374
8.94230
8.96010
8.97721
8.99368
9.00956
9.02488
9.03969
9.05402
9.06791
9.08137
9.09444
9.10713
9.11947
9.13148
9.14318
9.15457
9.16568
9.17653
9.18712
9.19747
9.20758
9.21747
9.22716
9.23664
9.24592
9.25502
9.26394
9.27270
9.28128
9.28971
9.29799
9.30612
9.31412
9.32197
9.32970
9.33730
9.34477
30104
17610
12495
9692
7920
6696
5802
5118
4578
4143
3782
3480
3222
3001
2808
2638
2487
2354
2233
2126
2026
1937
1856
1780
1711
1647
1588
1532
]481
1433
1389
1346
1307
1269
1234
1201
1170
1139
1111
1085
1059
1035
1011
910
892
876
858
843
828
813
800
785
773
760
747
0.00000
0.00000
9.99999
9.99997
9.99995
9.99992
9.99990
9.99982
9.99977
9.99971
9.99965
9.99959
9.99951
'.99935
9.99917
9.99907
10
11
11
12
12
13
14
14
15
15
16
16
17
18
18
19
19
20
20
21
22
22
23
23
24
25
25
25
26
27
28
28
28
29
30
30
31
31
32
33
33
9.99896
9.99885
9.99873
9.99861
9.99848
9.99834
9.99820
9.99805
9.99790
9.99774
9.99758
9.99741
9.99723
9.99705
9.99686
9.99667
9.99647
9.99627
9.99606
9.99584
9.99562
9.99539
9.99516
9.99492
9.99467
9.99442
9.99417
9.99391
9.99364
9.99336
9.99308
9.99280
9.99251
9.99221
9.99191
9.99160
9.99129
9.99097
9.99064
9.99031
9.98963
34
34
h. m.
1
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
N.
124 21.6
23.5
25.4
27.4
29.4
31.4
33.4
35.5
37.7
/
42.0
44.2
46.5
48.8
51.1
53.5
55.9
124 58.4
125 0.9
3.4
5.9
8.5
11.1
13.8
16.5
19.2
22.0
24.8
27.6
30.5
33.4
36.4
39.4
42.4
45.5
48.6
.51.8
55.0
125 58.2
126 1.5
4.8
8.1
11.5
14.9
18.4
21.9
25.5
29.1
32,7
36.4
40.1
43.9
47.7
51.5
55.4
126 59.3
127 3.3
7.3
11.4
15.5
127 19.6
1.9
1.9
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.1
2.2
2.1
2.2
2.2
2.3
2.3
2.3
2.4
2.4
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.6
2.6
2.7
2.7
2.7
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.9
2.9
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.1
3.1
3.2
3.2
3.2
3.3
3.3
3.3
3.4
3.4
3.5
3.5
3.6
3.6
3.6
3.7
3.7
3.8
3.8
3.8
3.9
3.9
4.0
4.0
4.1
4.1
4.1
9.34477
9.35213
9.35938
9.36652
9.37355
9.38047
9.38730
9.39403
9.40066
9.40721
9.41367
9.42004
9.42633
9.43254
9.43867
9.44472
9.45070
9.45660
9.46244
9.46821
9.47391
9.47954
9.48512
9.49063
9.49608
9.50148
9.50681
9.51208
9.51731
9.52248
9.52760
9.53267
9.53769
9.54266
9.54759
9.55246
9.55729
9.56208
9.56683
9.57153
9.57619
9.58081
9.58539
9.58993
9.59444
9.59891
9.60334
9.60773
9.61209
9.61642
9.62071
9.62497
9.62919
9.63338
9.63755
9.64169
9.64579
736
725
714
703
692
683
673
663
655
646
637
9.65390
9.65792
9.66191
621
613
605
598
590
584
577
570
563
558
551
545
540
533
527
523
517
512
507
502
497
493
487
483
479
475
470
466
462
458
454
451
447
443
439
436
433
429
426
422
419
417
414
410
407
404
402
399
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XCVl EPHEMERIDES A]^^D AUXILIARY TABLES.
Table for computation of differential refractions at Santiago — Continued.
d — a.
N.
log. cotg n.
h. m.
o
2
127 19.6 '
9.66191
4.2
396
1
23.8
9.66587
4,3
393
2
28.1
9.66980
4.3
391
3
32.4
9.67371
4.3
388
4
36.7
9.67759
4.4
386
5
41.1
9.68145
4.4
383
6
45.5
9.68528
4.5
380
7
50.0
9.68908
4.5
378
8
54.5
9.69286 „ ^
4.6
376
9
127 59.1
128 3.7 '•'
9.69662
9.70035 ^^^
10
4.7
371
11
8.4
9.70406
4.7
369
12
13.1
9.70775
4.7
367
13
17.8
22.6 ''^
9.71506 '^^ .
14
4.9
363
15
27.5
32.4 '•'
'-''''' 360
9.72229 ^l
16
4.9
358
17
37.3
9.72587
5.0
356
18
42.3
9.72943
5.1
354
19
47.4
52.5 '-'
128 57.7 "^l
129 2.9
9.73297 ^
9.73999
.9.74347 r
20
21
22
5.3
346
23
8.2
9.74693 ^,
5.3
345
24
13.5
9.75038
5.3
342
25
18.8
24.2 '-'
-- 5^
35.2 ^'^
9.75380
'•'''"'' 339
9.76060
9.76397 „
26
27
28
5.6
336
29
40.8
9.76733 ^^^
5.6
333
30
46.4
9.77066 ^^
5.7
332
31
52.1
9.77398 _
5.8
331
32
129 57.9
9.77729 ^^^
5.8
329
^ 33
130 3.7
9.78058 ^^^
5.8
327
34
9.5
9.78385 ^^
5.9
325
35
15.4
9.78710 ^^^
6.0
,, ,,„^, 324
36
21.4
9.79034
6.0
322
37
27.4
9.79356 _^
6.1
321
38
33.5
9.79077 ^^^
6.1
^ ^^^^^ 319
39
39.6
9.79996
6.2
318
40
45.8
9.80314 ^_
6.3
316
41
130 58.4 ^ ^
131 4.8 '-'
9.80630 ^^^
9.80945
9.81259 ^_
42
43
6.4
312
44
11.2
9.81571 ^^^
6.5
^ ,on 311
45
17.7
9.81882 ^^^
6.5
309
46
24.2
9.82191 ^^^
6.6
308
47
30.8
9.82499 ^^^
6.7
306
48
37.5
9.82805 ^^^
6.8
o oo..n 305
49
44.3
9.83110 ^^^
6.8
304
50
51.1
9.83414 ^_
6.9
302
51
131 58.0
9.83716 ^^,
6.9
« 301
52
132 4.9
9.84017 ^^^
7.0
o >.o.^ 300
53
11.9
9.84317 ^^^
7.0
299
54
18.9
9.84616 ^^„
7.1
298
55
26.0
9.84914 ^^^
7.2
^ n « 296
56
33.2
9.85210 ^
7.3
295
57
40.5
9.85505 ^^^
7.3
293
58
47.8
9.85798 ^^,^
7.4
r. o.n^^ 292
59
55.2
9-86090 ^^^^
7.4
292
60
133 2.6
9.86382
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EPHEMERIDES AND AUXILIARY TABLES. XCVii
The Cambridge observations were given without any correction for refraction. The series is
not sufficiently extensive to warrant the computation of tables for this purpose ; but manuscript
tables computed for the Oloverden observatory, which is only about half a mile distant from the
Harvard observatory and differs but a few seconds in latitude, furnished values of the requisite
auxiliary quantities. These tables are omitted here, on account of the disproportionate length to
which it would be necessary to print them, inasmuch as of all the twenty-six Cambridge observa-
tions o{ Mars, (only seventeen of which were contemporaneous with the Santiago series,) there
are but three when the hour-angle was less than 2^, and but four others when the planet was
within 3^ of the meridian The remainder were at very low altitudes, the meridian distances
ranging from 3^ to 6^ 53"^, and the differential refraction in declination amounting in one
instance to F.45. These values are, moreover, uncertain, to some extent, from the absence of
the corresponding readings of any meteorological instrument, excepting the external ther-
mometer.
At the Cape of Good Hope observatory, forty-seven determinations and forty-nine compari-
sons were made, the hour-angle exceeding 46"^ in only five instances, and approaching the
maximum 1^ 35"" in but a single isolated case. And since the latitude of this observatory difiers
from that of Santiago by less than half a degree, and the whole differential refraction for the
observations of the Cape series exceeds 0''.75 in only two instances, we may without sensible
error employ, in reducing this series, the tables computed for Santiago, with slight modifica-
tion in extreme cases. Thus, since
cos n = cos <p sin (d — a)
sin n cos A^zz: sin ^
and, consequently,
1 — cos^ <p sin^ {d — a)
tgN 1= cotg <p cos (d — d)
1 — cos^ <p sin^ (0 — a) ^
we have even when (d — a)=. 15°
^A^z= 1.013 ^ ^ zz: 0° 30^ 0^'
The observations of Mr. Maclear having been thoroughly reduced under the personal super-
vision of that eminent astronomer, the labor was very considerably lightened, since the two
computations served reciprocally as checks.
§ 5. COMPAEISON STARS.
The determination of the comparison-stars,— by far the most laborious and time-consuming
portion of the work, and one entirely foreign to the original plan of investigation, — ^became
unexpectedly but imperatively necessary, in consequence of the circumstances already narrated,
which entailed the necessity of a thorough examination of all the observations which could be
found. In the quest of measured declinations of these stars, no accessible source has been left
unexplored ; still, the attempt to identify the objects employed for comparison has offered
problems of much difficulty, and has, in some instances, proved altogether unavailing. For
instance, out of the twenty-six comparisons at Cambridge eleven were with stars not merely
different from those selected by Lieut. G-illiss and proposed in his ephemeris, but quite unknown
even to the observer, and only capable of detection by groping, as it were, in zones and cata-
logues ; and of these, two were of magnitudes as low as the 13th. Eight of them have not been
found, although sought for with extreme diligence. luv other cases, especially among the
southern stars of the first Fenus-Beiies, the determinations on record have been found so dis-
cordant as to preclude any reliance upon them, until new observations should be made, to
decide which were to be considered erroneous.
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XCVlll COMPARISON-STAES.
The declinations of the comparison stars^ used for the Washington micrometer observations — as
well as those of many other stars not easily identified in the standard catalogues, or whose
positions appeared for any reason not altogether trustworthy — have been redetermined at the
United States Naval Observatory, at Washington, with the mural circle; chiefly through the
zeal and courtesy of Prof. Yarnall, whose careful assiduity has materially aided the present
investigations, and on some nights by Prof. Major. At the earnest instance of the writer,
application was made to the superintendent of the Naval Observatory, by Lieut. Gilliss, for
observation of still other declinations. The season of the year naturally prevented the re-
determination of all that could be desired, but many important additional positions have been
thus provided by Prof. Yarnall, to whom the charge of the mural circle is assigned. The
observations, as communicated by Lieutenants Maury and Brasher, are given in their appropriate
place.
Application was also made to my respected friend Prof. Brlinnow, of the observatory of
the University of Michigan, at Ann Arbor, whose recently acquired and magnificent meridian
circle had just been mounted. But the arrangements of the observatory not being completed,
and the instrument not yet fully brought into working condition, Prof. Briinnow was able to
make but few of the desired observations, and these were not received in sufficient season to be
incorporated into the results. They are, however, given with the other determinations for the
sake of comparison and reference.
The materials collected for the compilation of a definite catalogue of star-places, to be adopted
as final in the present discussion, are here presented in detail.
In the first place, the observations of Lieut. Gilliss himself, at Santiago, provide a rich mine
of positions of fixed stars, among which are many of those employed for comparison, and all of
those used during the second opposition of Mars, During the first ifars-series the instrument
was dismantled, as explained by Lieut, Gilliss in his narrative, and during the two series of
Venus observations it was impossible to observe the comparison-stars upon the meridian in the
full glare of day. The following tables present the several observations, their reduction to the
mean equinox at the beginning of those years in which they were respectively used for com-
parison with the planets, and finally a list of mean positions at these epochs for the comparison-
stars, as given by the Santiago meridian-circle. The reference-figures in the last column
indicate the number of the star in the special list, or in the General Catalogue of comparison-
stars, as the case may be.
Hosted by
Google
COMPARISON-STARS.
XCIX
Reduction to mean places of stars, determined ivitli the meridian-circle at Santiago,
Reduct'ntomean
Mean place for 1852.0.
Name.
Date.
Obs'd «.
Circle-reading.
Refraction.
Nadir.
Observed 0,
equinox 1852.0.
j
6C.
8,
No.
in a. \ in 0.
1852.
h. m, s.
o / //
,^
o 1 /;
s.
II
h. m. s.
/ //
Bcssel 341
Feb.
28
7 48 38.68
301 40 46.68
—1 26.14
+5.2
+24 54 8.37
—0.46
+1.86
7 48 38.20
+24 54 10.23
52
29
38.42
46.43
26.88
4.3
10.26
0.45
1.81
37.97
12.07
Mar.
1
38.58
42.78
25.19
3.8
12.72
0.43
1.75
38.15
14.47
2
38.92
43.70
24.17
5.2
9.38
0.42
1.68
38.50
11.06
3
39.14
45.05
25.25
4.8
9.51
0.41
1.61
38.73
11.12
H. C. 15401
Mar.
6
7 46 33.90
301 50 4.42
—1 24.35
+5.0
+24 44 49.04
— 0..37
+1.44
7 46 33.53
+24 44 50.48
47
13
37.11
3.10
24.27
4.0
.51.28
0.26
1.02
36.85
52.30
15
36.58
5.32
25.31
4.8
49.30
0.23
0.88
36.35
50.18
H. C. 15412
Mar.
8
7 46 57.57
301 58 5.68
—1 25.51
+5.3
+24 36 48.64
—0.34
+ 1.37
7 46 57.23
+24 33 50.01
48
9
57.51
6.75
23.57
4.1
46.83
0.32
1.31
57.19
48.14
10
57.63
5.82
24.70
5.2
47.79
0.31
1.25
57.32
49.04
Bessel 339
Mar.
12
7 50 59.90
302 6 27.95
—1 23 ..84
+4.4
+24 28 25.60
—0.31
+1.19
7 50 59.59
+24 28 26.79
54
13
59.85
27.39
23.39
4.0
26.11
0.30
1.13
59.55
27.24
23
59.72
26.60
24.33
5.1
26.74
0.13
0.53
59.59
27.27
H. C. 15608
Mar.
14
7 52 38.80
302 15 55.02
-1 23.00
+3.5
+24 18 58.59
-0.27
+1.12
7 52 38.. 53
+24 18 59.71
55
15
38.46
56.28
24.02
4.8
57.05
0.26 ; 1.06
.38.20
58.11
19
38.52
57.00
24.79
4.1
57.80
0.20
0.83
38.32
58.63
1851. j
Bessel 275
Dec.
19
9 7 25.42
308 43 26.18
—1 12.71
—7.8
+19 51 28.44
+0.36
+1.95
9 7 25.78
+19 51 30.39
103
1852.
Apr.
2
26.14
8.02
11.88
+7.7
30.27
—0.37
1.63
25.77
31.90
Washington
Mar.
16
9 8 15.15
306 19 9.88
—1 12.11
+6.2
+20 15 30.14
—0.60 +2.71
9 8 14.55
+20 15 32.85
107
26
15.24
8.25
11.39
4.9
32.35
0.46
2.00
14.78
34.35
27
14.92
1.22
11.99
13.1
31.78
0.45
1.93
14.47
33.71
29
15.09
4.32
11.78
8.9
32.67
0.42
1.79
14.67
34.43
Bessel 275
Mar.
30
9 8 14.82
306 42 23.05
—1 10.75
+8.8
+19 52 10.01
—0.41
+1.84
9 8 14.41
+19 52 11.85
103
31
14.67
26.15
10.15
8.3
9.81
0.37
1.63
14.30
11.44
Bessel 275
Mar.
10^
9 4 27.46
305 57 8.14
—1 13.14
+5.2
+20 37 33.91
—0.61
+3.03
9 4 26.85
+20 37 33.94
102
23*
27.26
5.05
13.43
5.1
37.39
0.46
2.09
26.80
39.48
25
27.39
5.45
13.13
5.0
36.79
0.43
1.95
26.98
38.74
Bessel 278
Mar.
15
8 47 26.28
304 19 33.50
—1 17.82
+4.8
+22 15 13.62
—0.51
+2.08
8 47 25.77
+22 15 15.70
91
16
26.83
31.70
17.61
6.2
13.82
0.50
2.01
26.33
15.83
22
26.46
31.82
17.51
5.5
14.30
0.43
1.57
23.03
15.87
26
26.60
' 32.98
16.83
4.9
13.03
0.36
1.29
28.24
14.35
Bessel 344
Mar.
13
8 40 18.16
303 50 7.68
—1 18.38
+3.9
+22 44 40.91
— 0..50
+1.99
8 40 17.66
+22 44 42.90
87
15
18.10
8.42
19.23
4.8
40.12
0.47
1.80
17.63
41.92
B. A, C. 3181
Mar.
13
9 12 18.49
306 51 53.20
—1 10.28
+3.9
+19 42 47.29
—0.61
+3.06
9 12 17.88
+19 42 50.35
109
15
18.07
53.55
11.01
4.8
46.77
0.60
2.94
17.47
49.71
X Cancri
Jan.
19
8 11 44.15
302 5 57.68
—1 24.47
+1.3
+24 28 59.60
-0.48
+4.01
8 n 43.67
+24 29 3.31
64
20
44.57
58.88
24.17
—0.6
60.00
0.49
4.00
44.08
4.00
21
44.24
6 1.82
24.91
-0.4
57.60
0.51
3.99
43.73
1.59
22
44.45
5 57.08
24.87
+3.6
58.30
0.52
3.98
43.93
2.28
23
44.29
57.98
25.20
1.0
60.33
0.53
3.93
43.76
4.29
24
44.42
57.10
25.14
+2.0
60.15
0.54
3.93
43.88
4.08
25
44.38
58.12
24.52
—0.5
61.01
0.55
3.91
43.83
4.92
27
44.33
58.05
24.41
+0.1
60-37
0.56
3.88
43,77
4.23
28
44.37
6 1.33
24.68
3.5
56.97
0.57
3.83
43.80
0.80
30
44.38
0.45
25.17
+0.6
58,23
0.58
3 77
43.80
2.00
31
44.12
1.30
24.32
—1.2
58.33
0.58
3.74
43.54
2.07
Feb.
1
44.25
5 57.95
23.85
+2,5'
57.51
0.59
3.70
43.66
1.21
2
44.00
57.65
23.80
+2.3
57.93
0.60
3.60
43.40
1.62
3
44.40
56.00
24.03
1.7
60.44
0.60
3.61
43.80
4.03
4
57.63
24.58
1.1
59.93
0.61
3.53
3.. 52
8
44.02
57.45
23.62
1.5
58.78
0.61
3.39
43.41
2.17
9
43.78
59.88
23.70
1.2
.56.73
0.62
3.34
43.16
0.07
10
44.30
49.58
23.76
9.8
.58.49
0.62
3.29
43.68
2.17
Hosted by
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COMPARIS( )N-STAltS.
Eeduction of stars determined at Santiago — Continued.
Reduct'n to mean
Mean place for 1852.0.
Name.
Date.
Obs'd a.
Circle-reading.
Refraction.
Nadir.
Observed 0,
equinox 1852.0.
No.
in a.
in d.
a.
8,
1852.
h. m. s.
o 1 II
/ //
II
o 1 II
s.
II
h. m. s.
° 1 II
A Cancri
Feh.
11
8 11 44.38
302 5 51.08
—1 24.45
+7.9
+24 28 59.58
-0.61
+3.24
8 11 43.77
+24 29 2.82
64
(Cont'd.)
13
44.45
49.13
24.17
9.6
59.55
0.61
3.13
43.84
3.39
14
44.31
51.93
24.52
6.3
60.40
0.61
3.08
43,70
3.48
15
44.22
54,93
24.61
4.7
59.09
0.60
3.02
43.62
2.11
16
44.39
54.45
24.36
4.9
59.12
0.60
2.96
43.79
2.08
17
44.50
53.05
24.74
6.9
58.90
0.60
2.90
43.90
1.80
18
44.35
52.77
25.92
6.0
61.26
0.60
2.84
43.75
4.10
19
44.30
55.38
24.58
3.5
59.81
0.59
2.78
43.71
2.59
20
44.17
54.15
24.35
2.9
61 .41
0.59
2.72
43.58
4.13
21
44.25
53.45
23.51
6.4
57.77
0.59
2.66
. 43.67
0.43
22
43.96
55.83
24.06
2.7
59.64
0.58
2.59
43.38
3.02
23
44.21
55.52
24.86
4.6
. 58.85
0.57
2.53
43.64
1.38
24
44.22
53.65
23.88
4,7
59.64
0.57
2.47
43.65
2.11
1
Mar.
13
44.09
50.20
23.55
3.9
63.56
0.39
1.26
43.70
4.82
j
15
43.78
50.75
24.59
4.8
63.15
0.36
1.12
43.42
4.27
Washington
Mar.
19
8 28 3.38
303 37.92
—1 22.73
+ 4.1
+23 34 14.82
+0.37
+1.26
8 28 3.01
+23 34 17.83
78
20
3.32
. 35.90
21.72
3.9
16.03
0.36
1.18
2.96
17.21
22
3.14
34.18
21.31
5.5
15.74
0.33
1.10
2.81
16.74
Bessel 344
Jan.
24
8 28 15.34
302 49 19.65
—1 22.84
+ 2.0
+23 45 35.30
—0.53
+4.10
8 28 14.81
+23 45 39.40
79
25
15.10
24.38
22.62
— 0.5
32.85
0.54
4.09
14.56
36.94
Mar.
13
15.02
15.52
"21.18
+ 3.9
35.87
0.46
, 1.63
14.56
37.50
Washington
Jan.
27
8 27 32.17
302 36 27.33
—1 22.92
+ .0.1
+23 58 7.11
—0.56
+4.04
8 27 31.61
+23 58 11.15
*77
Mar.
15
31.73
47.28
22.97
4.8
5.00
0.43
1.42
31.30
6.42
16
32.35
46.22
22.75
6.2
4.44
0.43
1.35
31.92
5.79
H. C. 16464
Jan.
28
8 16 36.37
302 33 25.30
—1' 23.20
+ 3.5
+24 1 28.51
—0.57
+3.88
8 16 35.80
+24 1 32.39
69
Mar.
31
35.85
13.02
18.50
8.3
31.29
0.13
0.26
35.72
31.55
Washington
Mar.
23
8 20 55.47
302 29 17.42
—1 23.36
+ 5.1
+24 5 34.95
—0.28
+0.78
8 20 ,55.19
+24 5 35.73
73
28
55.00
26.00
22.40
4.9
25.61
0.23
0.57
54.77
26.18
Washington
Mar.
16
8 19 47.60
302 25 15.22
—1 23.^
+ 6.2
+24 9 38.01
—0.31
+1.21
8 19 47.29
+24 9 37.22
71
22
47.17
11.38
23.08
5.5
40.31
0.28
0.80
46:89
41.11
25
47.56
11.82
23.15
5.0
40.44
0.24
+0.59
47.32
41.03
April
6
46.67
6.00
23.28
8.2
43.19
0.05
—0.26
46.62
42.93
Washington
Mar.
27
8 19 50.05
302 15 1.05
—1 23.66
+13.1
+24 19 43.62
—0.21
+0.45
8 19 49.84
+24 19 44.07
72
29
49.83
6.70
23.42
8.9
41.93
0.18
+0.32
49.65
42.25
April
8
49.75
5.90
23.37
8.0
43.58
0.01
—0.30
49.74
43.28
Bessel 344
Feb.
1
8 16 9.13
302 9 56.52
—1 23.75
— 2.5
+24 25 3.84
—0.60
+3.74
8 16 8.53
+24 25 7.58
68
2
8.68
53.33
23.51
+ 2.3
1.99
0.60
3.70
8.08
5.69
Mar.
18
8.83
50.92
26.49
5.8
3.88
0133
0.98
8.50
4.86
Washington
Mar.
13
8 13 10.23
302 5 28.40
—1 23.58
+ 3.9
+24 29 25.39-
—0,39
+1.29
8 13 9.84
+24 29 26.68
66
15
9.88
35.35
24.61
4.8
18.57
0.29
1.15
9.59
19.72
Bessel 341
Feb.
7.
8 6 16.60
301 47 55.53
—1 24.04
+ 0.2
+24 46 62.42
—0.61
+3.32
8 6 15.99
• +24 46 65.72
62
8
48 0.43
24.59
1.5
56.77
0.61
3.27
60.04
9
15.69
47 59.63
24.57
1.2
57.85
0.61
3.22
15.0&
61.07
Mar.
13
16.26
54.78
24.48
3.9
59.91
0.36
1.14
1*5.90
60.05
16
16.60
54.58
25.34
6.2
58.67
0.32
0.94
16.28
59.61
18
16.18
55.98
27.72
5.8
60.05
0.29
0.81
15.89
60.86
19
16.22
57.80
26.49
4.1
58.70
0.28
0.74
15.94
59.44
Bessel 341
Feb.
11
7 59 24.83
301 42 12.72
—1 25.71
+ 7.9
+24 52 39.20
—0.59
+3.01
7 59 24.24
+24 52 42.21
60
Mar.
13
24.60
13.38
24.79
3.9
41.62
0.33
1.08
24.27
42.70
15
24.18
13.95
25.94
4.8
41.. 30
0.30
0.94
23.88
42.24
H. 0. 15707
Feb.
11
7 55 16.13
301 39 42.05
—1 25.86
+ 7.9
+24 55 10.02
—0.59
+2.94
7 55 15.54
+24 55 12.96
58
13
16.16
41.45
25.52
9.6
8.58
0.58
2.83
15.58
11.41
14
16.03
46.86
25.94
6.3
6.89
0.58
2.78
15.45
9.67
15
16.08
52. 7i
26.04
4.7
2.74
0.57
2.73
15.51
5^47
16
16.00
49.03
25.79
4.9
5.97
0.57
2.68
15.43
8.65
Mar.
25
16.02
43.35
25.43
5.0
11.19
0.07
0.25
15.95
11.44
* Micrometer.
Hosted by
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COMPARISON-STARS.
Beduction of stars determined at Santiago— QontimxQ^.
ci
Reducl'n to mean Mean place for 1852.0.
Name.
Date.
Obs'd a.
Circle reading
f. Refraction
Nadir.
Observed §^
equinox, 1852. C
.
No.
in a.
in 5.
<^
8,
3852.
h. m. s.
-
Bessel 34]
Feb. 14
7 55 3.85
301 34 34.23
—1 26.23
-f 6.3
° / //
+25 19.81
s.
-0.58
//
+2.75
h. m. s.
7 55 3.27
O 1 II
+25 22.56
57
15
3.87
40.58
26.33
4.7
15.16
0.57
2.70
3.30
17.86
16
3.87
38.90
26.07
4.9
16.38
0.57
2.64
3.30
19.02
17
4.09
35.70
26.46
6.9
17.97
0.56
2.58
3.53
20.55
18
3.91
34.33
27.56
6.0
21.34
0.56
2.52
3.35
23.86
19
3.95
34.08
26.31
3.5
22.84
0.55
2.46
3.40
25.30
20
3.70
38.16
26.07
2.9
19.12
0.55
2.40
3.15
21.52
21
3.76
37.45
25.10
6.4
15.36
0.54
2.34
3.22
17.70
23
3.73
38.68
25.45
4.6
17.28
0.52
2.21
3.21
19.49
Mar. 1
3.36
35.58
25.64
3.8
20.37
0.46
3.78
2.90
22.15
2
3.83
33.62
24.68
5.2
19.97
0.45
1.71
3.38
21.68
4
3.91
34.82
25.34
5.3
39.33
0.42
1.58
3.49
20.91
6
3.43
36Ap
25.20
5.0
17.91
0.40
1.46
3.03
19.37
7
3.60
34.95
26.07
5.5
19.73
0.39
1.39
3.21
21.12
8
3.87
37.10
26.81
5.3
18.52
0.37
1.33
3.50
19.85
Bessel 341
Feb. 25
7 47 6.21
301 31 54.00
—1 26.04
+ 4.5
+25 3 1.65
—0.48
+2.00
7 47 5.73
+25 3 3.65
49
26
6.22
52.20
25.07
^.1
1.88
0.47
1.93
5.75
3.81
27
1851.
6.16
53.88
25.37
5.1
0.50
0.46
1.87
5.66
2.37
Bessel 275
Dee. 21
9 10 21.60
306 32 11.72
—1 13.58
+14.3
+20 2 21.67
+0.31
+2.10
9 10 21.91
+20 2 23.77
108
22
1852.
21.40
16.90
12.07
10.9
23.29
+0.28
2.21
21.68
25.50
Mar. 20
22.23
20.00
11.82
3.9
22.03
—0.54
2.06
21.69
24.09
1851.
RUmker 2800
Dec. 26
9 7 42.79
308 6 55.48
—1 12.77
+10.1
+20 27 41.30
+0.15
+2.73
9 7 42.94
+20 27 44.03
105
27
1852.
43.30
7 1.50
13.47
8.7
43.98
+0.13
2.82
43.43
46.80
Mar. 15
42.99
7 0.58
12.93
4.8
41.66
—0.58
2.71
42.41
44.37
1851.
Kumker2799
Dec. 30
1852.
9 7 40.53
305 53 33.70
—1 14.25
+ 8.7
+20 41 5.96
+0.05
+3.13
9 7 40.58
+20 41 9.09
104
Mar. 13
1851.
40.87
35.50
12.77
3.9
7.48
—0.60
2.70
40.27
10.18
Anon. . .
Dec. 31
1852.
9 3 20.27
305 44 23.28
—1 14.35
+ 9.1
+20 57 18.28
+0.02
+3.29
9 3 20.29
+20 57 21.57
99
Mar. H
20.80
37 24.18
13.61
3.5
20.04
—0.58
2.62
20.22
22.66
Bessel 277
Jan. 1
9 3 19.71
305 32 55.70
—1 14.49
+10.4
+21 1 42.50
—0.03
+3.36
9 3 39.68
+21 1 45.86
44.15
100
Mar. 16
20.44
33 0.40
14.17
6.2
41.68
0.55
2.47
19.89
Bessel 275
Jan. 2
8 58 16.30
305 28 23.65
—1 14.87
+ 6.9
+21 6 18.43
—0.06
+3.46
8 58 16.24
+21 6 21.89
97
Mar. 10
17.14
23.98
14.37
5.2
19.30
0.59
2.80
16.55
22.18
12
17.05
21.75
13.79
4.5
21.65
0.58
2.67
16.47
24.32
18
17.07
24.90
16.56
5.8
19.97
0.51
2.26
16.56
22.23
20
16.97
23.38
14.50
3.9
21.33
0.49
2.32
16.48
23.45
II. C. 18132,
Jan. 4
9 4 16.80
305 17 55.48
—1 16.14
+ 5.4
+21 16 49.37
—0.09
•^3.53
9 4 16.71
+21 16 52.90
101
Mar. 19
17.04
57.92
16.17
4.1
48.26
0.53
1.82
16.51
50.08
22
16.93
53.90
14.76
5.5
49.47
0.49
1.60
16.44
51.07
Bessel 278
Jan. 5
8 59 27.31
305 5 28.87
—1 16.33
+ 5.5
+21 29 15.87
—0.13
+3.72
8 59 27.38
+21 29 19.59
98
Mar. 13
28.11
24.80
14,92
3.9
20.25
0.57
2.53
27.54
22.78
15
27.75
27.35
15.70
4.8
17.66
0.55
2.. 39
27.20
20.05
Bessel 278
Jan. 6
Mar. 15
8 53 47.45
47.32
305 36.70
40.48
—1 15.14
15.90
+ 5.9
4.8
+21 34 6.65
4.73
—0.17
0.53
+3.79
2.31
8 53 47.28
46.79
+21 34 10.44
7.04
96
16
48.06
38.72
15.65
6.2
4.84
0.52
2.25
47.54
7.09
Bessel 278
Jan. 7
8 50 25.75
304 50 31.10
—1 16.94
+12.4
+21 44 7.55
—0.21
+3.85
8 50 25.54
+21 44 11.40
94
8
25.74
26.58
17.39
14.8
10.12
0.23
3.89
25.51
14.01
Mar. 9
26.21
34.68
15.26
4.1
10.59
0.58
2.63
25.63
13.22
10
26.23
35.12
16.13
5.2
9.92
0.57
2.57
25.66
12.49
12
26.28 34.62
15.53
4.5
10.52
0.55
2.43
25.73
12.95
19
25.98 36.30
' 17.46 4.1
11.17
0.47
1.95
25.51
13.12
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oil
C0MPAR1S0N-8TAKS.
lieduciion of Stars determined at Santiago — Continued.
Reduct'n to mean
Mean place for 1852.0.
Observed 0,
equinox, 1852.0.
Name.
Date.
obs'd a
Circle reading.
Refraction.
Nadir.
No.
in«.
in 0,
a.
d.
1852.
h. m. s.
o / //
/ //
II
o / //
s.
II
h. m. s.
o 1 II
Bessel 278
Jan. 9
8 48 54.61
304 39 43.58
—1 17.56
+12.9
+21 54 55.19
—0.25
+3.92
8 48 54.36
+21 54 59.11
93
Mar. 13
55.02
50.20
16.06
3.9
56.07
0.53
2.31
54.49
58.38
Bessel 278
Jan. 10
8 52 13.44
304 32 10.15
—1 17.35
4-14.2
+22 2 27.11
—0.25
+4.00
8 52 13.18
+22 2 31.11
95
Mar. 18
13.62
20.20
19.25
5.8
27.38
0.49
1.88'
13.13
29.24
20
13.70
20.00
17.12
3.9
27.33
0.47
1.74
13.23
29.07
Bessel 278
Jan. 11
8 47 33.10
304 25 55.40
—1 18.49
+13.5
.+22 8 42.70
—0.30
+4.04
8 47 32.80
+22 8 46.74
92
April 2
33.07
59.75
18.23
1.1
44.89
0.26
0.83
32.81
45.72
6
32.71
55.35
17.15
8.2
47.71
0.20
0.55
32.51
48.26
Bessel 278
Jan. 14
8 44 15.48
304 58.25
—1 18.55
— 0.7
+22 33 55.11
—0.36
+4.15
8 44 15.12
+22 33(59.66)
88
Mar. 19
15.76
1 17.38
19.87
+ 4.1
32.50
0.45
1.68
15.31
34.18
23
15.54
12.80
18.83
5.1
35.04
0.40
1.39
15.14
36.43
25
15.71
18.40
18.39
5.0
29.10
0.37
1.25
15.34
30.35
Bessel 278
Jan. 13
8 45 58.27
304 12 10.78
—1 20.00
+ 0.8
+22 22 42.53
—0.34
+4.11
8 45 57.93
+22 22 46.64
Mar. 25
58.51
5.34
17.86
5.0
41.63
0.37
1.31
58.14
42.94
27
58.48
11 56.25
17.77
13.1
42.53
0.35
1.17
58.13
43.70
H. C. 17513
Jan. 17
8 45 28.48
303 43 19.08
-1 19.32
— 2.1
+22 51 36.45
—0.41
+4.23
8 45 28.07
+22 51 40.68
89
Mar. 18
28.50
12.90
21.65
+ 5.8
37.06
0;47
1.67
28.03
38.73
20
28.08
14.40
19.56
3.9
35.37
0.44
1.63
27.64
37.00
Bessel 344
Mar. 13
8 35 7.26
303 20 19.52
—1 19.83
+ 3.9
+23 14 30.52
—0.48
+1.83
8 35 6.78
+23 14 ^.35
85
15
6.90
21.22
20.73
4.8
28.82
0.46
1.69
6.44
30., 51
Washi
Mar- 26
8 31 41.30
303 18 35.82
—1 19.87
+ 4.9
+23 16 13.26
—0.29
+0.89
8 31 41.01
+23 16 14.15
82
27
40.98
33.12
20.35
13.1
8.24
0.28
0.82
40.70
9.06
29
41.07
33.62
20.16
8.9
11.75
0.25
0.68
40.82
12.43
Washington
Mar. 23
8 30 11.90
303 10 28.52
—1 21.28
+ 5.1
+23 24 21.77
—0.33
+1.03
8 30 11.57
+23 24 22.80
80
25
11.97
, 30.58
20.78
5.0
19.31
0.29
0.90
11.68
20.21
27
12.08
21.88
20.77
13.1
19.90
0.25
0.77
11.83
20.67
Mean places for 1852.0 of Gomparison-Stars determined at Santiago,
Refer-
ence No.
Name.
a.
No.
obs.
8.
No.
obs.
Refer-
ence No-
Name.
a.
No.
obs.
d.
No.
obs.
h. m. s.
/ //
h. m. s.
1 II
47
H. C. 15401 .
1 46 36.58
3
+24 44 50.99
3
87
Bessel 344 , .
8 40 17.65
2
+22 44 42.41
2
48
H. C. 15412 .
7 46 57.25
3
24 36 49.05
3
88
Bessel 278 . .
8 44 15.23
4
22 33 33.65
4
49
Bessel 341 . .
7 47 5.71
3
25 3 3.28
3
89
H. C. 17513 .
8 45 27.91
3
22 51 38.80
3
52
Bessel 341 . .
7 48 38.31
5
24 54 11.79
5
90
Bessel 278 . .
8 45 58.07
3
22 22 44.43
3
54
Bessel 339 . .
7 50 59.58
3
24 28 27.10
3
91
Bessel 278 . .
8 47 26.09
4
22 15 15.44
4
55
H. C. 15608 .
7 52 38.37
3
24 18 58.82
3
92
Bessel 278 . .
8 47 32.71
3
22 8 46.91
3
57
Bessel 341 . .
7 55 3.29
15
25 20.86
15
93
Bessel 278 . .
8 48 54.43
2
21 54 58.75
2
■ 58
Bessel 341 . .
7 55 15.59
6
24 55 10.27
6
94
Bessel 278 . .
8 50 25.60
6
21 44 12.86
6
60
Bessel 341 . .
7 59 24.13
3
24 52 42.38
3
95
Bessel 278 . .
8 52 13.18
3
22 2 29.81
3
62
Bessel 341 . .
8 6 16.01
6
24 47 0.18
7
96
Bessel 278 . .
8-53 47.20
3
21 34 8.19
3
64
ACancri . . .
8 11 43.69
32
24 29 2.83
33
97
Bessel 275 . .
8 58 16.46
5
21 6 22.81
o
66
Washington .
8 13 9.72
2
24 29 21.42
2
98 .
Bessel 278 . .
8 59 27.31
3
21 29 80.81
3
68
Bessel 344 . .
8 16 8.37
3
24 25 6.04
3
99
Anon. . . .
9 3 20.26
2
20 57 22.12
2
69
H. C. 16464 .
8 16 35.76
2
24 1 31.97
2
100
Bessel 277 . .
9 3 19.79
2
21 1 45.00
2
71
Washington .
8 19 47.03
4
24 9 40.57
4
101
H. C. 18132 .
9 4 16.55
3
21 16 51.35
3
72
Washington
8 19 49.74
3
24 19 43.20
3
102
Bessel 275 , .
9 4 26.87
3
20 37 38.39
3
73
Washington .
8 20 54.98
2
24 5 30.96
2
103
Bessel 275 . .
9 7 25.78
2
19 51 31.15
2
77
Washington .
8 27 31.61
3
23 58 5.55
3
104
Rumker2799 .
9 7 40.43
2
20 41 9.64
2
78
Washington
8 28 2.93
3
23 34 17.26
3
105
Rumker2800 .
9 7 42.93
3
20 27 45.07
3
79
Bessel 344 . .
8 28 14.64
3
23 45 37.95
3
106
Bessel 275 . .
9 8 14.36
2
19 52 11.65
2
80
Washington .
8 30 11.69
3
23 24 21 .23
3
107
Washington
9 8 14.62
4
20 15 33.84
4
82
Washington
8 31 40.84
3
23 16 11.88
3
108
Bessel 275 . ,
9 10 21.76
3
20 2 24.45
3
85
Bessel 344 . .
8 35 6.61
2
+23 14 31.43
2
109
B. A. C. 3181 .
9 12 17.68
2
+19 42 50.03
2
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COMPAEISON-STAES. ciii
The Washington observations were reduced by Prof. Tarnall with the aid of special tables,
which immediately refer the declinations to the mean equinox for the commencement of the
nearest decade,- being in almost all cases 1860.0
The declinations, as observed with the mural circle, were usually accompanied, for the sake
of identification, by the apparent right-ascension, roughly noted at the time of transit over
the middle thread of the instrument, so that the several observations were, for the most part
given in the form of approximate apparent right-ascensions and mean declinations for the
epoch 1860.0. The right-ascensions of the first seven stars in the list were determined with the
Washington transit-instrument, and reduced also to the mean equinox of 1860.0 by Prof.
Lawrence. The right ascensions of the remainder are either estimated for the apparent equinox
by the observer, as already mentioned, in which case they are enclosed within parentheses, or
in the other cases taken to the nearest second from such sources as were most readily accessible
by myself, and referred to the epoch of the declinations. A few star-positions for 1850.0, taken
from earlier Washington observations, are incorporated in the list. But all the places, for
which the contrary is not specially indicated by parentheses or otherwise, are counted irom the
mean equinox and equator of 1860.0.
Annexed to the table of observations is a compend analogous to that which follows the
Santiago observations, and containing the resultant list of declinations determined by the
Naval Observatory. It gives the means of the several determinations as counted from the mean
equinox of 1860.0, and also the reductions to the beginning of the year in which the comparison
was made. The right-ascensions are, of course, entitled to the same confidence as in the pre-
ceding tables from which they are derived. As was the case with the arrangement of the
Santiago star-places, the reference-numbers given in the last column of the table of observations
denote the number of the star in the special list, and those given in the special list relate to
the number m the General Catalogue of Comparison-Stars.
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CIV
COMPARISON-STARS
Observations of Comparison- Stars with the Washington mural circle.
star.
a.
Date.
Mean declina-
tion, 1860.0.
Obs'r.
Star.
a.
Date.
Mean declina-
tion, 1860.0.
Obs'r.
h. m. s.
1855.
° / //
h. m. s.
1855.
o / //
Bessel Z. 396 .
5 3 41.899
Dec, 3
+28 17 8.99
Y.
Bessel Z. 405
5 46 56.049
Dec. 3
+26 27 0.71
Y.
41.716
18
8.28
Y.
18
26 59.57
Y.
41.664
20
30
1856.
8.97
9.52
Y.
Y.
30
1856.
Jan. 3
59.63
59 37
Y.
Y.
Jan. 3
7.59
Y.
10
26 58 90
Y.
4
7.95
Y.
15
27 1.19
Y.
10
9.29
Y.
1
18
0.82
Y.
15
9.16
Y.
22
0.14
Y.
16
9.97
Y.
23
1.64
Y.
18
7.83
Y.
28
27 0.12
Y.
22
9.31
Y.
1855.
23
9.13
Y.
Rumker 1673
5 54 44.989
Dec. 3
+26 16 36.00
Y.
1855.
18
35.98
Y.
Bessel Z. 405 .
5 11 6.522
Dec. 3
+26 6 ^ 24
Y.
30
36.26
Y.
6.529
30
1856.
31.60
Y.
1856.
Jan. 3
36.13
Y.
6.412
Jan. 3
31.09
Y.
10
35.09
Y.
4
31.63
Y.
15
35.80
Y.
10
31.63
Y.
18
36.03
Y.
15
31.34
Y.
22
36.29
Y.
18
31.46
Y.
23
36.27
Y.
22
32.31
Y.
28
36.00
Y.
23
32.46
Y.
1855.
28
32.75
Y.
Rumker 1680
5 55 8.8
Dec. 3
+26 21 5.68
Y.
1855.
18
5.77
Y.
Bessel Z. 523 .
5 18 25.222
Dec. 3
+26 27 30.11
Y.
30
5.43
Y.
25.130
18
29.89
Y.
1856.
30
29.74
Y.
Jan. 3
5.57
Y.
1856.
4
5.25
Y.
Jan. 3
29.91
Y.
10
5.51
Y.
10
30.80
Y.
15
6.48
Y.
15
31.06
Y.
18
6.25
Y.
18
30.34
Y.
-
22
7.50
Y.
22
29.73
Y.
3
6.82
Y.
23
31.15
Y.
^8
6.64
Y.
28
30.21
Y.
1855.
W.
8 13 39
April 6
+24 27 56.20
Bessel Z. 405 .
5 22 20.521
Dec. 3
+26 28 20.94
Y.
8
55.25
20.^22
18
19.83
Y.
Bessel Z. 344
8 16 37
April 6
+24 23 36.29
30
20.30
Y.
8
34,91
1856.
Jan. 3
20.36
Y.
Lai. 16464 . .
8 17 5
April 9
+24 2.08
4
19.39
Y.
Bessel Z. 344 . .
8 28 '43
April 9
+23 44 0.00
10
15
19.78
20.67
Y.
Y.
W. 0. . . . .
8 30 40
April 6
+23 22 44.75
18
20.33
Y.
Bessel Z. 344 . .
8 35 35^
April 6
+23 12 51.83
22
19.54
Y.
8
51.26
23
20.96
Y.
Bessel Z. 278 . .
8 46 26
April 8
+22 20 59.44
28
19.80
Y.
18
59.43
1855.
Bessel Z. 278 . .
8 47 54
April 6
+22 13 29.11
Bessel Z. 405 .
5 30 14.012
Dec. 3
4-26 31 57.08
Y.
14.035
18
56.08
Y.
Bessel Z. 278 . .
8 50 54
April 11
+21 42 25.27
13.866
20
56.44
Y.
Bessel Z. 278 . .
8 52 40
April 18
+22 39.67
30
1856.
57.91
Y.
Bessel Z. 278 . .
8 54 15
April 6
+21 32 19.25
Jan. 3
56.74
Y.
8
18.01
10
56.67
Y.
Bessel Z. 275 . .
8 58 44
April 6
+21 4 31.03
15
- 57.44
Y.
8
30.85
1
16
18
57.69
57.30
Y.
Y.
Bessel Z. 278 . .
8 59 55
April 11
18
+21 27 30.39
30.20
1
22
23
57.10
57.49
Y.
Y.
W.
9 8 42
April 8
+20 13 .37.41
1
28
+ 26 31 57.09
Y.
Bessel Z. 275 . .
9 4 54
April 11
+20 35 43.67
...-x— ^
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COMPARISON-STARS.
Observations of Comparison-Stars zvith the Washington mural ciVc^e— Continued.
cv
Star.
a.
Date.
Mean declina-
tion, 1860.0.
Obs'r
h. m. s.
1856.
/ //
W. 0. . . .
9 10 49
April 6
+20 27.81
*
11
26.77
Piazzi rx,50 .
9 12 45
April 18
+19 40 52.63
(16 41 19)
May 20
—26 29 36.48
Y.
22
36.90
Y.
June 3
37.96
Y.
18
36.85
Y.
July 1
36.88
Y.
4
37.06
Y.
10
36.92
Y.
(16 43 21)
May 20
—26 40 38.66
Y.
22
39.14
Y.
28
37.58
Y.
June 21
38.87
Y.
(16 49 36)
June 3
—26 53 25.06
Y.
19
23.99
Y.
21
24.43
Y.
July 1
24.56
Y.
(16 50 30)
June 3
—26 57 37.84
Y.
19
36.67
Y.
21
37.96
Y.
July 1
37.12
Y.
(16 52 24)
May 20
—27 2 17.89
Y.
21
18.29
M.
22
18.39
Y.
June 18
18.34
Y.
(16 55 6)
May 20
—27 38.73
Y.
21
40.07
M.
22
39.60
Y.
June 18
38.51
Y.
(17 9)
May 22
-27 12 41.09
Y.
23
39.74
M.
28
41.00
Y.
June 18
40.35
Y.
(17 7 32)
May 20
—27 23 56.32
Y.
22
55.79
Y.
June 3
55.18
Y.
19
54.32
Y.
(17 11 34)
May 23
—17 36 21.32
M.
June 18
23.00
Y.
20
21.96
M.
27
21.44
M.'
(17 13 16)
May 20
—27 51 34.32
Y.
21
36.10
M.
22
35.12
Y.
July 14
36.40
M.
17
34.85
Y.
(17 13 48)
June 3
—27 32 7.01
Y.
19
5.35
Y.
July 10
7.69
Y.
15
7.09
Y.
(17 14 17)
June 21
—27 50 43.70
Y.
(17 14 16)
May 28
—17 33 46.62
Y.
June 18
46.79
Y.
20
46.59
M.
27
45.81
M.
Star.
h. 7W, s,
(17 25 38)
(17 29 10)
(17 32 21)
(17 39 5)
Date.
(17 44 18)
(17 46 42)
(17 47 40)
(17 52 49)
(17 53 53)
(17 56 20)
(17 59 26)
(18 15)
(18 4 32)
(18 5 11)
1856.
May 20
22
28
June 3
18
May 20
21
22
June 20
June 3
18
19
May 20
22
23
June 3
18
19
May 20
21
22
June 19
May 28
June 2
18
20
May 21
22
June 3
19
May 23
28
June 19
20
May 21
22
June 3
July 1
May 22
28
June 3
July 1
May 22
23
June 18
July 4
June 2
3
19
July 1
May 28
June 3
19
July I
June 2
18
21
July 1
Mean declina-
tion, 1860.0.
—17 44
/ //
0.15
0.32
0.73
0.39
0.85
-27 57 25.59
26.66
25.43
26.26
-18 15.29
15.43
15.63
-18 3 0.43
3 0.53
2 59.93
3 0.44
0.49
0.73
Obs'r,
—28
1 10.01
9.68
10.67
9.92
-18 15 41.16
39.56
39.93
39.52
—28 2 17.50
18.28
18.86
17.79
-27 52 5.62
6.00
6.28
7.16
—27 49 17.16
17.18
17.91
17.25
—27 50 14.01
13.93
13.74
13.42
—27 39 26.84
28.04
27.14
28.93
-27 45
2.73
4.29
2.48
2.99
-25 10 50.45
51.56
51.36
49.94
-27 32 5.23
6.89
6.66
5.71
Y.
Y.
Y.
Y.
Y.
Y.
M.
Y.
M.
Y.
Y^
Y^
Y.
Y.
M.
Y.
Yt
Y.
Y.
M.
Y.
Y.
Y.
Y.
Y.
M.
M.
Y.
Y.
Y.
M.
Y.
Y.
M.
M.
Y.
Y.
Y.
Y.
Y.
Y.
Y.
Y.
M.
Y.
Y.
M.
Y.
Y.
Y.
Y.
Y.
Y.
Y.
M.
Y.
Y.
Y.
po
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CVl COMPARISON-STARS.
Observations of Comparison-Stars with the Wa§hi7igton m!ural circle---Contm}iQd.
Star.
a.
Date.
Mean declina-
tion, 1860 0.
Obs'r.
Star.
a.
Date.
Mean declina-
tion, 1860.0.
Obs'r.
h. m. s.
1856.
a 1 II
h, m, s.
1856.
/ //
(18 7 4)
May 23
—25 45 0.64
M.
(18 15 44)
May 28
—26 33 41.65
Y.
June 20*
2.62
M.
30
42.13
H^
July 14
3.23
M.
June 3
42.33
Y.
15
1.99
Y.
18
41.91
Y.
(18 7 24)
May 21
—27 27 14.37
M.
i
21
42.52
Y.
(18 9 5)
22
July 10
May 30
June 3
13.05
15.15
—27 5 19.94
20.06
Y.
Y.
Y.
Y.
(17 21 37) I
i
May 20
22
23
—17 41 44.21
44.40
44.78
Y.
Y.
27
July, 17
20.72
22.04
Y.
Y.
(18 18 47) i
May 20
21
—26 42 45.29
46.31
Y.
M. ;
(18 9 25)
June 18
—18 50 41.15
Y.
22
46.35
Y. ;
19
41.^
Y.
23
46.55
Y. ;
July 4
42. 62
Y.
(18 9 49)
(18 12 19)
May 28
June 21
July 1
May 20
22
-25 59 3.08
2.76
2.46
—26 8 33.06
33.43
Y.
Y.
Y.
Y.
Y.
(18 24 3)
May 20
22
June 2
3
—19 4 5.95
6.56
6.96
6.27
Y. ;
Y.
M. ;
Y. :
July 15
33 77
Y
Mean declina-
(18 12 57)
June 18
19
July 15
—18 55 4.68
5.78
6.67
Y.
Y.
Y.
tion, 1850.0.
(18 18 34)"
1853.
Aug. 8
—26 43 2.86
(18 15 26)
May 30
—26 28 38.29
Y.
12
2.41
July 1
38.85
Y.
19
2.50
10
39.07
Y.
1854.
17
38.92
Y.
Sept. 2
3.91
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2
3
,4
5
8
11
13
14
66
68
85
90
91
94
97
98
102
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
COMPARISON-STARS,
Mean declinations of Comparison' Stars determined at Washington,
evil
Besse.l 396 .
Bessel 405 .
Bessel 523 .
Bessel 405 .
Bessel 405 .
Bessel 405 .
Rumker 1673
Rumkerl680
W. 0.. . .
Bessel 344 .
Lalande 16464
Bessel 344 .
W. 0. . . .
Bessel 344 .
■ Bessel 278 .
Bessel 278 .
Bessel 278
Bessel 278 .
Bessel 278 .
Bessel 275 .
Bessel 278 .
Bessel 275 . ,
W. 0.. . . .
W. 0. . . . ,
Piazzi IX 50
Mean place, 1860.0.
«.
h. m. s.
5 3 41.760
5 11 6.488
5 18 25.176
5 22 20.422
5 30 13.971
5 46 56.049
5 54 44.989
5 55 ■ 8.80
8 13 39
8 .16 37
8 17 5
8 28 43
8 30 40
8 35 35
8 46 26
8 47 54
8 50 54
8 52 40
8 54 15
8 58 44
8 59 55
9 4 54
9 8 42
9 10 49
9 12 45
16 41 32
16 43 33
16 49 49
16 50 42
16 52 36
16 55 19
17 21
17 7 45
17 11 44
17 13 28
17 14
17 14 29
17 14 26
17 25 49
17 29 23
17 32 32
17 39 16
17 44 30
17 46 55
17 47 52
17 53 2
17 54 G
17 56 32
17 59 38
18 28
4 44
5 24
7 17
7 38
9 18
9 38
18 10 7
18 12 30
18 13 10
18 13 38
18 15 56
18 19
18 24 15
+26 17 8.83
26 6 31.85
26 27 30.29
; 26 28 20.17
26 31 57.08
26 27 0.22
26 16 35.98
26 21 6.08
24 27 55.72
24 23 35.60
24 2.08
23 44 0.00
23 22 44.75
23 12 51.54
22 20 59.44
22 13 29.11
21 42 25.27
22 39.67
21 32 18.63
21 4 30.94
21 27 30.30
20 35 43.67
20 13 37.41
20 27.29
+19 40 52.63
—26 29 37.01
26 40 38.56
26 53 24.51
26 57 37.40
27 2 18.23
27 39.23
27 12 40.55
27 23 55.40
17 36 21.93
27 51 35.36
27 32 6.71
27 50 43.70
17 33 46.45
17 44 0.49
27 57 25.99
18 15.45
18 3 0.43
28 1 10.07
18 15 40.04
28 2 18.11
27 52 6.27
27 49 17.38
27 50 13.78
27 39 27.74
27 45 3.12
25 10 50.83
27 32 6.12
25 45 2.12
27 27 14.19
27 5 20.69
18 50 41.73
25 59 2.77
26 8 33.42
18 55 5.71
26 28 38.78
26 33 42.09
26 42 46.13
—19 4 6.69
No. obs
12
10
10
Hi
12
10
10
11
2
. 2
1
1
1
2
2
1
2
1
2
2
2
1
1
2
1
7
4
3
3
4
4
4
4
4
5
4
1
4
5
Year of
, comp.
Red. in «.
1850
1850
1850
18^0
1849
1849
1849
1849
1852
, 1852
1852
1852
1852
1852
1852
1852
1852
1852
1852
1852
1852
1851
1851
1851
1851
1850
1852
1850
1850
1850
1850
1850
1850
1851
1850
1850
1851
1851
1851
1850
1851
1851
1850
1851
1850
1850
1850
1850
1850
1850
1850
1850
1850
1850
1850
1851
1850
1850
1851
1850
1850
1850
1851
-37.12
37.12
37.26
37.28
41.06
41.10
41.05
41.07
Mean O for beg.
of year.
For No. 121 the 6 i« assumed to be —27" 49' instead of —27* 50'.
Red. in (
« / //
+26 16 19.79
/ //
—0 49.04
26 5 49.12
42.73
26 26 53.83
36.46
26 27 47.09
33.08
26 31 28.18
28.90
26 26 47.32
12.90
26 16 30.60
5.38
26 21 1.08
—0 5.00
24 29 23.94
+1 28.22
24 25 5.54
1 29.94
24 1 32.29
130.21
23 45 36.83
1 36.83
23 24 22.66
1 37.91
23 14 32.17
1 40.63
22 22 45.86
1 46.42
22 15 16.30
1 47.19
21 44 14.01
1 48.74
22 2 27.26
1 47.59
21 34 9.08
1 50.45
21 6 23.57
1 52.63
21 29 23.59
1 53.29
20 37 53.86
2 10.19
20 15 49.85
2 12.44
20 2 40.67
2 13.38
+19 43 7.03
—26 28 29.65
2 14.40
1 7.36
26 39 32.64
1 5.92
26 52 23.79
1 0.72
26 56 37.42
59.98
27 1 19.84
58.39
26 59 43.12
56.11
27 11 48.68
51.87
27 23 9.80
45.60
17 35 44.00
37.93
27 50 54.67
40.69
27 31 26.46
40.25
27 49 3.87
39.83
17 33 10.60
35.85
17 43 34.25
26.24
27 56 59.01
26.98
17 59 53.68
21.77
18 2 43.91
16.52
28 56.27
13.80
18 15 29.52
10.52
28 2 7.21
10.90
27 51 59.93
6.34
.27 49 12.06
5.32
27 50 10.47
3.31
27 39 27.14
+0 0.60
27 45 3.25
—0 0.13
25 10 54.71
3.88
27 32 10.56
4.44
25 45 8.23
6.11
27 27 20.72
6,53
27 5 28.55
7.86
18 50 49.10
7.37
25 59 11.27
8.50
26 8 44.09
10.67
18 55 15.85
10.14
26 28 50.43
11.65
26 33 55.76
13.67
26 43 2.69
16.56
—19 4 25.54
—0 18.85
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CVlll
COMPARISON-STARS.
Ninety-three observations of comparison-stars were afforded by Bessel's zones, and are bere
appended, and reduced to the mean equinoxes of 1825.0, and of the commencement of the year
of comparison. The reference-numbers are to the General Catalogue.
Comparison- Stars from BesseVs Zones,
i
ISI
Mag.
Observed
Reduction to
1825.0.
Mean place, 1825.0.
i
o
Reduction to begin-
ning of year.
Mean place.
No.
a.
d.
a.
d.
a.
d.
«.
d.
a.
d.
62
7
h, in, s.
7 31 42.30
o 1 II
+14 37 49.1
s.
+28.72
II
—74.0
h. m. s,
7 32 11.02
1 II
+14 36 35.]
1852
tn. s.
+1 31.53
1 II
—3 33.6
h. m. s,
7 33 42.55
o / //
+14 33 1.5
42
146
8
7 27 50.30
14 44 34.7
7.00
63.3
7 27 57.30
14 43 31.4
1852
1 31.67
3 24.5
7 29 28.97
14 40 6.9
38
7
7 32 3.70
14 37 37.8
6.98
63.9
7 32 10.68
14 36 33.9
1852
1 31.53
3 33.6
7 33 42.21
" 14 33 0.3
42
273
9
7 27 52.20
15 28 49.1
3.82
44.6
7 27 56.02
15 28 4.5
1852
1 ^.13
3 24.4
7 29 28.15
15 24 40.1
37
9.10
7 29 2.38
14 57 48.8
3.83
45.3
7 29 6.21
14 57 3.5
1852
1 31.79
3 26„9
7 30 38.00
14 53 36.6
39
8
7 29 22.60
14 51 52.2
3.83
45.4
7 29 26.43
14 51 6.8
1852
1 31.72
3 27.7
7 30 58.15
14 47 39.1
40
8
7 31 8.36
15 44 36.8
3.81
44.2
7 31 12.17
15 43 52.6
1852
1 32.24
3 31.5
7 32 44.41
15 40 21.1
41
9
7 32 13.43
15 54 8.7
3.80
43.7
7 32 17.23
15 53 25.0
1852
1 32.32
3 33.9
7 33 49.55
15 49 51.1
43
9
7 51 55.66
16 2 59.1
3.75
42.0
7 51 59.41
16 2 17.1
1852
1 32.03
4 15.8
7 53 31,44
15 58 1,3-
56
9
8 10 16.16
16 1 22.4
3.70
40.8
8 10 19.86
16 41.6
1852
1 31.59
4 53.1
8 11 51.45
15 55 48.5
65
8
8 13 23.89
15 50 13.8
3.70
41.0
8 13 27.59
15 49 32.8
1852
1 31.40
4 59.3
8 14 58.99
15 44 33.5
67
7.8
8 22 49.95
15 52 17.3
3.68
40.3
8 22 53.63
15 51 37.0
1852
1 31.18
5 17.6
8 24 24.81
15 46 19.4
75
8.9
8 25 23.48
16 20 9.7
3.67
39.4
8 25 27.15
16 19 30.3
1852
1 31.37
5 22.5
8 26 58.52
16 14 7.8
76
274
9
8 30 48.50
18 52 21.9
4.13
36.3
8 30 52.63
18 51 45.6
1852
1 32.60
5 32.7
8 32 25-23
18 46 12.9
83
9
8 30 59.02
19 6 52.0
4.12
35.9
8 31 3.14
19 6 16.1
1852
1 32.73
5 33.1
8 32 35.87
19 43.0
84
9
8 37 48.40
18 42 4.3
4.12
36.0
8 37 52.52
18 41 28.3
1852
1 32.28
5 45.6
8 39 24.80
18 35 42.7
86
275
8
8 56 39.01
21 13 12.3
4.48
29.2
8 56 43.49
21 12 43.1
1852
1 32.89
6 18.7
8 58 16.38
21 6 24.4
97
8.9
9 1 42.19
21 8 39.1
4.48
29.1
9 1 46.67
21 8 10.0
1852
1 32.66
6 27.1
9 3 19.33
21 1 42.9
100
9
9 2 49.60
20 44 34.3
4.48
29.6
9 2 54.08
20 44 4.7
1851
1 28.96
6 14.5
9 4 23.04
20 37 50.2
102
9
9 5 49.10
19 58 32.6
4.49
30.6
9 5 53.59
19 58 2.0
1851
1 28.48
6 19.2
9 7 22.07
19 51 42.8
103
9
9 6 37.63
19 59 13.4
4.49
30.6
9 6 42.12
19 58 42.8
1851
1 28.45
6 20.5
9 8 10.57
19 52 22.3
106
9
9 8 45.72
20 9 29.1
4.48
30.2
9 8 50.20
20 8 58.9
1851
1 28.44
6 23.8
9 10 18.62
20 2 35.1
108
276
9
7 25 15.60
15 19 5.3
4.42-
45.2
7 25 20.02
15 18 20.1
1852
1 32.17
3 18.7
7 26 52.19
15.15 1.4
36
8.9
7 27 51.92
15 28 53.6
4.40
44.9
7 27 56.32
15 28 8.7
1852
1 32.13
3 24.4
7 29 28.45
15 24 44.3
37
8
7 31 7.64
15 44 38.9
4.39
44.5
7 31 12.03
15 43 54.4
1852
1 32.24
3 31.5
7 32 44.27
15 40 22.9
41
277
8.9
9 1 43.50
21 4 18.8
4.01
30.3
9 1 47.51
21 3 48.5
1852
1 32.62
6 27.2
9 3 20.13
20 57 21.3
99
8.9
9 1 43.02
21 8 41.1
4.02
30.2
9 1 47.04
21 8 10.9
1852
1 32.66
6 27.1
9 3 19.70
21 1 43.8
100
278
9
7 57 34.80
22 55 45.7
4.28
31.2
7 57 39.08
22 55 14.5
1852
1 36.16
4 27.6
7 59 15.24
22 50 46.9
59
8
8 8 34.80
22 2 25.5
4.28
31.8
8 8 39.08
22 1 53.7
1852
1 35.22
4 49.9
8 10 14.30
21 57 3.8
63
7
8 17 50.50
21 43 54.6
4.25
31.8
8 17 54.75
21 43 22.8
1852
1 34.71
5 8.1
8 19 29.46
21.38 14.7
70
8
8 33 27.60
23 20 40.2
4.18
29.0
8 33 31.78
23 20 11.2
1852
1 35.05
5 37.7
8 35 6.83
23 14 33.5
85
9
8 42 36.40
22 39 58.4
4.17
29.4
8 42 40.57
22 39 29.0
1852
1 34.27
5 54.3
8 44 14.84
22 33 34.7
88
8.9
8 43 49.43
22 58 4.9
4.16
29.0
8 43 53.59
22 57 35.9
1852
1 34.42
5 5^.5
8 45 28.01
22 51 39.4
89
8
8 44 6.32
22 53 5.6
4.16
29.1
8 44 10.48
22 52 36.5
1852
1 34.36
5 57.0
8 45 44.84
22 46 39.5
s
8
8 44 19.57
22 29 12.1
4.17
29.6
8 44 23.74
22 28 42.5
1852
1 34.10
5 57.3
8 45 57.84
22 22 45.2
90
8
8 45 48.00
22 21 44.7
4.16
29.7
8. 45 52.16
22 21 15.0
1852
1 33.96
6 0.0
8 47 26.12
22 15 15.0
91
9
8 45 54.74
22 15 16.2
4.17
29.8
8 45 58.91
22 14 46.4
1852
1 33.93
6 0.1
8 47 32.84
22 8 46.3
92
8
8 47 16.60
22 1 29.9
4,17
30.0
8 47 20.77
22 59.9
1852
1 33.72
6 2.5
8 48 54.49
21 54 57.4
93
7.8
8 48 47.88
21 50 50.8
4.16
30.2
8 48 52.04
21 50 20.6
1852
1 33.56
6 5.2
8 50 25.60
21 44 15.4
94
8
8 50 34.50
22 9 15.5
4.15
29.8
8 50 38.65
22 8 38.9
1852
1 33.64
6 8.3
8 52 12.29
22 2 30.6
95
9
8 52 10.00
21 40 50.8
4.16
30.3
8 52 14.16
21 40 20.5
1852
1 33.32
6 11.0
8 53 47.48
21 34 9.5
96
7
8 56 39.20
21 13 16.5
4.16
30.5
8 56 43.36
21 12 46.0
1852
1 32.89
6 18.7
8 58 16.25
21 6 27.3
97
9
8 57 50.07
21 36 11.4
4.15
30.1
8 57 54.22
21 35 41.3
1852
1 33.03
6 20.7
8 59 27.25
21 29 20.6
98
9
9 1 43.72
21 4 17,2
4.14
30.6
9 1 47.86
21 3 46.6
1852
1 32.62
6 27.2
9 3 20.45
20 57 19.4
99
9
9 1 42.83
21 8 45.0
4.15
30.5
9 1 46.98
21 8 14.4
1852
1 .•^.66
6 27.1
9 3 19.64
21 1 47,3
100
8.9
9 2 39.60
21 23 52.2
4.14
30.2
9 2 43.74
21 23 22.0
1852
1 32.75
6 28.7
9 4 16.49
21 16 53,3
101
279
9
7 57 34.82
22 55 44.3
4.63
32.7
7 57 39.45
22 55 11.5
1852
1 36.16
4 27.6
7 59 15.61
22 50 43,9
59
339
7
7 37 48.59
23 34 15.1
16.44
19.2
7 38 5.03
23 33 55.9
1852
1 37.21
3 46.5
7 39 42.24
23 30 9,4
t
8
7 39 57.70
24 10 21.6
16.41
18.1
7 40 14.11
24 13 3.5
1852
1 37.56
3 51.1
7 41 51.67
24 9 12.5
45
7
7 42 20.26
22 46 51.3
16.48
19.6
7 42 36.74
22 46 31.7
1852
1 36.53
3 56.1
7 44 13.27
22 42 35.6
k
7.8
7 45 21.02
24 4 56.8
16.42
17.6
7 45 37.44
24 4 40.4
1852
1 37.30
4 2.5
7 47 14.74
24 37.9
50
9
7 46 44.20
+24 58 31.1
+16.38
—16.2
7 47 0.58
+24 58 14.9
1852
+1 37.86
—4 5.3
7 48 38.44
+24 54 9.6
52
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COMPARISON-STARS.
Comparison-Stars from BesseVs Zones — Continued.
cix
Observed
Reduction to
1825.0.
Mean place, 1825.0.
Reduction to begin-
ning of year.
Mean place.
Mag
No.
a.
d.
«♦
d.
«.
3.
«.
8.
«.
d.
h. m. s.
/ /•
m. s.
II
h. m. s.
Of II
in, s.
1 II
h. m. s.
o ! II
339
9
7 49 5.28
+24 32 54.8
+16.40
—16.6
7 49 21.68
+24 32 38.2
1852
+1 37.49
—4 10.4
7 50 59.17
+24 28 27.8
54
8
7 50 44.60
24 23 29.2
16.41
16.3
7 51 1.01
24 23 12.9
1852
1 37.36
4 13.9
7 52 38.37
24 18 59.0
55
7 53 21.74
24 59 42.6
16.39
15.3
7 53 38.13
24 59 27.3
1852
1 37.68
4 19.3
7 55 15.81
24 55 8.0
58
8
7 55 57.20
22 57 21.5
16.48
17.1
7 56 13.68
22 57 4.4
1852
1 36.24
4 24.7
7 57 49.92
22 52 39.7
I
341
8
7 45 5.38
25 7 19.8
22.24
17.6
7 45 27.62
25 7 2.2
1852
1 38.02
4 2.2
7 47 5.64
25 3 0.0
49
9
7 46 38.15
24 58 31.7
22.25
17.6
7 47 0.40
24 58 14.1
1852
1 37.86
4 5.3
7 48 38.26
24 54 8.8
52
9
7 53 2.95
25 4 58.7
22.24
16.7
7 53 25.19
25 4 42.0
1852
1 37.72
4 18.8
7 55 2.91
25 23.2
57
8
7 53 15.47
24 59 46.2
22.25
16.8
7 53 37.72
24 59 29.4
1852
1 37.68
4 19.3
7 55 15.40
24 55 10.1
58
9
7 57 24.70
24 57 23.7
22.25
16.5
7 57 46.95
24 57 7.2
1852
1 37.47
4 27.8
7 59 24.42
24 52 39.4
60
9
8 4 16.22
24 51 58.9
22.26
15.9
8 4 38.48
24 51 43.0
1852
1 37.16
4 41.8
8 6 15.64
24 47 1.2
62
7.8
8 15 52.20
25 6 18.7
22.24
14.1
8 16 14.44
25 6 4.6
1852
1 36.88
5 4.9
8 17 51.32
25 59.7
m
344
7
8 9 43.30
24 34 8.2
22.33
14.0
8 10 6.63
24 33 54.2
1852
1 36.76
4 52.8
8 11 43.39
24 29 1.4
64
8
8 14 8.58
24 30 16.7
23.34
13.5
8 14 31.92
24 30 3.2
1852
1 36.54
5 1.5
8 16 8.46
24 25 1.7
68
8.9
8 14 36.01
24 6 49.1
23.36
14.0
8 14 59.37
24 6 35.1
1852
1 36.28
5 2.4
8 16 35.65
24 1 3^.7
69
8
8 15 51.10
25 6 17.1
23.32
12.6
8 16 14.42
25 6 4.5
1852
1 36.88
5 4.9
8 17 51.30
25 59.6
m
6.7
8 20 45.17
24 40 1.7
23.33
12.4
8 21 8.50
24 39 49,3
1852
1 36.40
5 14.4
8 22 44.90
24 34 34.9
7
8 22 15.26
24 40 34.2
23.34
12.3
8 22 38.60
24 40 21.9
1852
1 36.34
5 17.2
8 24 14.94
24 35 4.7
P
9
8 26 15.71
23 51 18.4
23.37
13.0
8 26 39.08
23 51 5.4
1852
1 35.64
5 24.8
8 28 14.72
23 45 40.6
79
9
8 33 8.40
23 20 20.0
23.38
12.5
8 33 31.78
23 20 7.5
1852
1 35.05
5 37.7
8 35' 6.83
23 14 29.8
85
9
8 38 20.13
22 50 41.2
23.40
12.7
8 38 43.53
22 50 28.5
1852
1 34.57
5 47.2
8 40 18.10
22 44 41.3
87
8.9
8 43 47.23
22 52 48.9
23.39
12.2
8 44 10.62
22 52 36.7
1852
1 34.33
5 57.0
8 45 44.95
22 46 39.7
s
345
9
8 43 24.35
22 57 45.6
29.27
12.6
8 43 53.62
22 57 33.0
1852
1 34.42
5 56.5
8 45 28.04
22 51 36.5
89
8
8 43 41.22
22 52 50.7
29.27
12.3
8 44 10.49
22 52 38.4
1852
1 34.33
5 57.0
8 45 44.82
22 46 41.4
8
348
7
6 16.60
24 27 24.9
31.79
32.1
6 48.39
24 26 52.8
1849
1 28.28
3.2
6 2 16.67
24 26 49.6
g
9
6 16 45.35
24 21 38.5
31.72
29.7
6 17 17.07
24 21 8.8
1849
1 28.16
37.8
6 18 45.23
24 20 31.0
24
9
6 25 21.15
24 34 12.6
31.67
28.1
6 25 52.82
24 33 44.5
1849
1 28.25
55.8
6 27 21.07
24 32 48.7
32
9
6 25 52.91
24 32 29.5
31.67
28.1
6 26 24.58
24 32 1.4
1849
1 28.22
56.9
6 27 52.80
24 31 4.5
33
9
6 26 46.22
24 58 47.5
+31.65
27.5
6 27 17.87
24 58 20.0
1849
1 28.52
58.7
6 28 46.39
24 57 21.3
34
396
8
4 55 42.20
26 11 28.9
—37.60
49.9
4 55 4.60
26 10 39.0
1850
1 32.59
+2 18.6
4 56 37.19
26 13 ....
1
8
5 2 9.58
26 14 59.7
37.66
48.1
5 1 31.92
26 14 11.6
1850
1 32.76
2 4.9
5 3 4.68
26 16 16.5
2
405
9
5 10 6.40
26 4 44.7
53.23
42.2
5 9 13.17
26 4 2.5
1850
1 32.75
1 48.8
5 10 29.92
26 5 51.3
3
7.8
5 19 23.63
25 36.8
53.19
40.6
5 18 30.44
24 59 56.2
1850
1 32.13
1 28.6
5 20 2.57
25 1 24.8
c
9
5 21 3.27
26 27 2.7
53.35
38.5
5 20 9.92
26 26 24 2
1850
1 33.17
1 25.0
5 21 43.09
26 27 49.2
5
8
5 21 56.13
26 33 19.4
53.37
33.4
5 21 2.76
26 32 46.0
1849
1 29.50
1 19.9
5 22 32.26
26 34 5.9
6
9
5 25 4.06
26 26 26.6
53.38
37.4
5 24 10.68
26 25 49.2
1849
1 29.46
1 13.4
5 25 40.14
26 27 2.6
7
7
5 27 6.77
26 48 59.0
53.43
36.4
5 26 13.34
26 48 22.6
1850
1 33.51
1 12.0
5 27 46.85
26 49 34.6
d
7
5 28 57.02
26 31 0.4
53.40
36.1
5 28 3.62
26 30 24.3
1849
1 29.57
1 5.4
5 29 33.19
26 31 29.7
8
7
5 29 47.16
25 48 0.3
53.34
36.6
5 28 53.82
25 47 23.7
1849
1 29.07
1 3.6
5 30 22.89
25 48 27.3
e
9
5 45 38.81
,26 26 48.7
53.51
31.2
5 44 45.30
26 26 17.5
1849
1 29.63
30.4
5 46 14.93
26 26 47.9
11
9
5 53 52.68
26 21 17.7
53.55
28.8
5 52 59.13
26 20 48.9
1849
1 29.59
+0 13.2
5 54 28.72
26 21 2.1
14
8.9
6 54.82
26 2 45.0
53.55
27.0
6 1.27
26 2 18.0
1849
1 29.37
— 1.6
6 1 30.64
26 2 16.4
15
9
6 1 46.40
26 1 14.0
53.55
26.7
6 52.85
26 47.3
1849
1 29.35
34
6 2 22.20
26 43.9
16
9
6 10 56.16
25 46 35.8
53.57
24.2
6 10 2.59
25 46 11.6
1849
1 29.16
22.6
6 11 31.75
25 45 49.0
20
7
6 14 50.64
25 8 15.3
53.53
23.7
6 13 57.11
25 7 51.6
1849
1 28.71
30.8
6 15 25.82
25 7 20.8
21
9
6 16 11.49
25 36 23.5
53.58
22.8
6 15 17.91
25 35 47.0
1849
1 29.02
21.2
6 16 46.93
25 35 25.8
22
8.9
6 25 9.70
25 3 12.3
53.56
20.7
6 24 16.14
25 2 .51.6
1849
1 28.60
52.4
6 25 44.74
25 1 59.2
30
9
6 28 11.40
24 58 44.6
53.57
19.8
6 27 17.83
24 58 24.8
1849
1 28.52
—0 58.7
6 28 46.35
24 57 26.1
34
523
7.8
4 56 38.10
26 11 55.1
1 34.49
77.7
4 55 3.61
26 10 47.4
1850
1 32.59
+2 18.6
4 56 36.20
26 13 6.0
1
8.9
5 17 49.11
26 26 12.9
1 34.78
54.7
5 16 14.33
26 25 18.2
1850
1 33.07
+1 33.5
5 17 47.40
26 26 51.7
4
9
6 18 4.80
25 28 18.9
1 35.02
19.1
6 16 29.78
25 27 59.8
1849
1 28.92
—0 36.2
6 17 58.70
25 27 23.6
23
8
6 19 30.61
25 43 30.6
1 35.08
18.0
6 17 55.53
25 43 12.6
1849
1 29.09
39.2
6 19 24.62
25 42 33.4
25
9
6 21 8.80
25 15 26.6
1 34.97
17.4
6 19 33.83
25 15 9.2
1849
1 28.76
42.6
6 21 2.59
25 14 26.6
26
9
6 21 42.26
+25 32 16.0 -
-1 35.05
—16.8 6 20 7.21
+25 31 59.2
1849 .
fl 28.95
— 43.8 6 21 36.16
+25 .31 15.4
28
NOTES TO COMPAEISON-STARS FROM BESSEL'S ZONES.
For N°- 1, the d as given in zone 396 has been rejected, and only that of zone 523 been
retained.
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c^
GOIffi^ISOH-STMS.
For N^- 3, the observation of zione 405 lias been employed^ altbougli the rigbt-ascensions
differ by 16^* The error seems^not improbable, and has been assumed.
For 'N^' 22, the scale reading has been assumed as 1049, instead of 1089, making the observed
.apparent 3 +25° 36' 9''.8 ; and for 1849, the mean d +25° 35' 25''. 8.
For N°- 45, there is evidently a mistake of one division (=3') in the observation, making the
declination observed by Bessel +24° 13' 21". 6.
For N°- 95, zone 278, the scale-reading has been assumed as 990, instead of 1010, making the
observed apparent ^+ 22° 9' 8".T, and for 1852 the mean^ +22° 2' 30".6.
For N^- 97, the^ of zone 275 has been retained, and that of zone 278 rejected.
The Argelander Zones, that copious fountain of accurate positions of stars which are to be
ihet with in no other catalogue, furnish forty-one places of southern stars; the original observa-
tions of which, together with their reductions, here follow :
Comparison-Stars from Argelander' s Zones,
Ref.
No.
Zone and
No.
Observed
Reduction to
1850.0.
Mean place, 1850.0.
Year
of
Comp.
Reduction to be-
ginning of year.
Mean place.
a.
d.
in a.
in ^,
II
—10.7
a.
d\
ilia.
in^.
a.
d.
ill
212,
7i
AJ m. s.
16 43 27.51
o 1 II
— 26 39 18.8 •
s.
—31.38
h. m. s.
16 42 56.13
/ //
—26 39 29:5
1850
h, m. s.
16 42 56.13
o 1 II
—26 39 29.5
115
85^
16 55 13.48
26 59 20.4'
31.37
—19.4
16 54 42.11
26 59 39;8
1850
16 54 41.98
26 59 41.4
112
214,
54
16 49 44.00
26 52 42.2-
32.44
-f-24.6
16 49 11.56'
26 52 17.6
1850
16 49 11.81
26 52 19.3
113
56
16 50 37.43
26 56 57.6
32.44
22 8
16 50 4.99
26 56 34:8
1850
. .
16 50 4.99
26 56 35.3
115
63
16 55 14.48
27 6.1
32.44
22.1
16 54 42.04
26 59 44:0
18.50
'117
76
17 7 40.30
27 23 25.5
32.43
14.2
17 7 7.87
27 23 11.3
1850
17 7 7.73
27 23 9.6
120
84
17 13 54.82
27 31 35.8
32.43
4-11.5
17 33 22.39
27 31 24.3
1850
17 13 22.27
27 31 24.2
136
217,
81
18 4 40.26
25 11 6.4
33.06
+10.6'
18 4 7.20
25 10 55.8
1850
. .
18 4 7.37
25 10 54.0
127
218,
11
17 39 14.00
18 2 40.0
33.12
— 1.5
17 38 40.88
18 2 41.5
1851
+3.50
—1.86
17 38 44.48
18 2 45.2
129
19
17 46 52.25
18 15 24.5
33.12
2.8 '
17 46 19.13
18 15 27.3
1851
3.51
-1.19
17 46 22.58
18 15 29.1
141
58
18 9 35.09
18 50 44.7
33.11
6.2
18 9 1.98
18 50 50.9
1851
3.53
+0.80
18 9 5.49
18 50 49 6
148
81
18 24 12.60
19 4 16.5
33.10
— 7.3
18 23 39.50
19 4 23.8
1851
+3.53
+2.07
18 23 42.99
19 4 24.0
141
219,
49
18 9 35.29
18-50 56.4
33,30
+ 3.9
18 9 1.99
18 50 52.5
1851
+3.53
+0.80
136
220,
96
18 4 40...
25 10 33.3
. .
—19.4
....
25 10 52.7
1850
133
223,
38
17 56 28.00
27 50 21.5
33.84
+ 9.7
17 55 54.16
27 50 11.9
1850
.
17 55 54.16
27 50 11.9
135
46
18 24.37
27 45 13.4
33.85
+11.7
11 59 50.52
27 45 1.7
1850
. .
17 59 50.52
27 45 1.7
141
227,
27
18 9 35.50
18 50 50.6
33.69
+ 0.9
18 9 1.81
18 50 49.7
1851
+3.53
+0.80
148
52
18 24 13.24
19 4 26.2
33.73
— 1.1
18 .23 39.51
19 4 27.3
1851
+3.53
+2.07
123
300,111
17 21 54.60
17 41 7.3
40.52
— 0.2
17 21 14.08
17 41 7.5
1851
+3.49
—3.37
17 21 17.73
17 41 12.1
112
304,
88
16 49 51.32
26 52 0.2
39.37
—19.9
16 49 11.95
26 52 20.1
1850
113
90
16 50 44.50
26 56 15.6
39.37
—21.5
16 50 5.13
26 56 37.1
1850
136
306,
91
18 4 48.50
25 11 6.2
40,96
+12.6
18 4 7.54
25 10 53.6
1850
138
95
18 7 21 .45
25 45 7,1
41.00
+ 3.0
18 6 40.45
25 45 4.1
1850
. .
. .
18 6 40.46
25 45 4.0
138
308,
27
18 7 24.16
25 45 6.4
43.68
+ 2.6
18 6 40.48
25 45 3.8
1850
146
43
18 16 2.88
26 33 38.6
43.71
—12.6
18 15 19.17
26 33 51.2
1850
, .
,
18 15 19.17
26 33 51.2
147
47
18 19 6.58
26 42 43.1
—43.72
—15.7
18 18 22.86
26 42 58.8
1850
. .
. .
18 18 22.86
26 42 58.8
112
388,
81
16 48 38.80
26 52 51.0
+33.12
+30.8
16 49 11.92
26 52 20.2
1850
113
83
16 49 31.73
26 57 3.5
33.11
29.4
16 50 4.84
26 56 34.1
1850
114
85
16 51 26.00
27 1 44.6
33.11
27.4
16 51 59.11
27 1 17.2
1850
115
90
16 54 8.70
27 8.0
33.10
27.6
16 54 41.80
26 59 40.4
1850
116
99
16 59 11.10
27 12 11.2
33.08
^.8
16 59 44.18
27 11 48.4
1850
117
106-7
17 6 34.54
27 23 25,8
33.05
+17.8
17 7 7.59
27 23 8.0
1850
120
115
17 12 49.10
27 31 37.9
33.04
+13.8
17 33 22.14
27 31 24.1
1850
118
391,
37
17 10 37.52
17 35 50.7
32.38
+14.0
17 11 9.90
17 35 36.7
1851
+3.49
—4.24
17 11 13.39
17 35 40.9
123
54
17 20 42.05
17 41 22.1
32.35
12.2
17 21 14.40
17 41 9.9
1851
3.49
3.37
126
70
17 31 25.48
17 59 58.5
^2.32
8.5
17 31 57,80
17 59 50.0
1851
3.50
2.44
17 32 1.30
17 59 52.4
127
81
17 38 8.64
18 2 52.5
^.30
7.4
17 38 40.94
18 2 45.2
1851
3.50
1.86^
129
93
17 45 46.72
18 15 33.3
32.28
+ 4.8
17 46 19.00
18 15 28.5
1851
3.51
—1.19
141
136
18 8.29.80
18 50 45.9
^.25
— 2.6
18 9 2.05
18 50 48.4
1851
3.53
+0.80
148
172
18 23 7.12
—19 4 20^9
+32.24
— 6.1
18 23 39.36
—19 4 27.0
1851
+3.53
+2.07
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COMPABlSONrSTAES. Cxi
The Greenwich Twelve-Year Catalogue gives us eight stars, and its welcome supplement, the
G-reenwioh Catalogue for 1850.0, thirty-five more. The last mentioned addition was received
after the preparation of a catalogue for final adoption, but the new material was too important
to be lost, and the computations were, therefore, recommenced from the point at which these
places could be incorporated. The comparison-star used at Greenwich on the 8th December,
1849, 18, however, unfortunately not in this catalogue, and a trustworthy place can nowhere be
found. I^ive of the stars in the two lists are identical, but the m^teri^ls afforded by each
catalogue are separately given for the sake of greater convenience.
c
omparison-Stars from the Twelve-Year Catalogue.
Name.
Mag.
Mean
year.
a 1840.0.
1
o
i
N. P. p. 1840.0
1
d
i
"3
Mean place for jJeginning of year.
Np.
«.
Ann. Pr
d.
Ann. Pr.
478
515
587
698
709
745
775
789
795
809
1467
125 Tauri . .
139 Tauri . •
€ Geminorum
82 Geminorum
1 Cancri . .
A Cancri . .
43y Cancri . .
6
5.6
3.4
7
6
6
4.5
1845
1841,4
1841,3
1841
1845
1838,5
1843
1838
1838
1838
1846
h. m. s.
5 29 <J9.53
5 48 4.12
6 34 5.14
7 38 ^9.03
7 47 ^4.05
8 11 0.68
8 34 0.99
8 48 12.76
8 49 43.95
9 3 35.27
17 10 34.69
4
3
22
3
6
12
9
5
5
5
5
1 II
64 11 59.14
64 4 22.82
64 43 2.52
66 28 9.73
73 47 17.71
65 28 45.97
67 57 39.70
68 2 20.92
68 13 3.33
68 40 14.22
107 34 58.66
7
19
7
5
17
8
6
6
6
4
1849
1849
1849
1852
1852
1852
1852
1852
1852
1852
1851
h. m. s.
5 30 22.94
5 48 37.60
6 34 38.40
7 39^12.21
7 48 35.04
8 11 43.68
8 34 42.91
8 48 54.40
8 50 25.52
9 4 16.47
17 11 13.03
s.
+13.712
3.720
3.6R5
3.598
8.416
3.582
3.493
3.469
3.463
3.432
+3.485
° 1 II
+ 25 48 24.21
25 55 46.09
25 16 30.48
23 30 9.18
16 10 52.80
24 29 3.58
21 59 50.10
21 54 57.68
21 44 14.07
+ 21 16 52.62
- 17 35 44.55
II
+ 2.58
+ 0.99
- 3.03
8.44
9.14
10.89
12.53
13.47
13.57
—14.44
— 4.24
e
12
35
i
51
64
93
94
101
118
Lal^nde 17690 .
8
Piazzi XVII 43 .
6^
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CXll
COMPARISON-STARS
Gomparison-8tars from the Greenwich Catalogue for 1850.0.
i
Name.
Mag.
Mean
year.
a.
m
O
o
6
N. P. D.
1
6
S
o
o
Mean place for beginning of year.
No.
a. Ann. Pr.
d. Ann. Pr.
335
350
361
363
376
381
383
395
401
402
406
422
426
433
438
439
440
451
452
453
457
458
459
467
, 470
473
479
485
487
488
490
491
495
496
505
573
578
589
593
608
613
617
619
623
631
640
641
645
659
661
Piazzi IV 287 .
. 7
1851.2
1852.7
1852.8
1852.7
1850.5
1852.1
1852.6
1853.1
1852.1
1851.1
1852.9
1851,2
1852.3
1852.8
1852.1
1851.4
1851.1
1852.1
1851.1
1852.1
1852.8
1853.2
1852.7
1852.2
1853.2
1851.6
1851.2
1852.7
1852.1
1853.0
1851.2
1851.2
1852.0
1852.0
1852.1
1852.2
1852.2
1852.2
1852.8
1852.2
1852.2
1852.2
1852.2
1852.2
1852.1
1852.9
1853.2
1852.2
1852.2
1852.2
h. m. s.
4 56 36.. 57
5 3 4.66
5 10 29.36
5 11 34.43
5 17 47.94
5 20 2.54
5 21 43.28
5 27 46.91
5 29 36.64
5 30 26.55
5 32 16.17
5 44 38.56
5 46 18.57
5 48 41.30
5 54 7.62
5 54 32.20
5 54 55.74
6 1 34.30
6 2 20.35
6 2 26.04
6 6 8.93
6 7 38.84
6 9 29.88
6 11 35.54
6 15 29.36
6 16 50.62
6 19 27.55
6 21 5.98
6 21 14.41
6 21 39.95
6 25 47.97
6 25 50.33
6 27 24.78
6 27 56.36
6 34 42.11
7 39 35.18
7 44 6.09
7 55 8.26
7 57 42.73
8 11 36.67
8 17 43.98
8 19 42.67
8 22 37.83
8 24 7.58
8 34 35.89
8 45 20.93
8 45 37.92
8 48 46.55
9 3 12.64
9 4 9.58
2
5
3
3
4
1
2
2
3
7
6
1
5
3
6
2
2
6
4
3
5
4
2
4
2
4
1
2
1
2
1
1
1
1
8
8
4
3
6
7
4
4
3
6
23
6
4
4
3
5
/ //
63 46 53.37
63 43 41.37
63 54 11.81
62 12 1.30
63 33 4.66
64 58 37.10
63 32 14.31
63 10 29.27
63 28 30.22
64 11 32.83
63 28 5.60
63 36 57.33
63 33 13.07
64 4 12.63
63 43 31.39
63 39 1.83
64 33 22.34
63 57 44.01
65 33 8.48
63 59 18.68
64 37 37.57
64 27 38.08
64 24 58.45
64 14 15.44
64 52 40.58
64 24 37.41
64 17 31.33
64 45 35.04
64 13 21.66
64 28 45.58
64 58 6.48
65 15 18.07
65 27 13.30
65 28 57.74
64 43 32.11
66 29 33.60
67 17 5.44
65 4 30.02
67 7 0.70
65 30 34.61
64 58 37.71
65 21 41.55
65 25 2.12
65 24 32.14
67 59 45.94
67 7 55.17
67 12 58.12
68 4 34.63
68 57 44.97
68 42 40.21
1
5
3
3
4
1
2
2
4
3
6
1
5
3
6
3
2
6
3
4
5
4
2
3
2
2
1
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
7
7
4
3
5
7
4
4
2
8
23
6
3
4
3
5
1850
1850
1850
1850
1850
1850
1850
1850
1849
1849
1849
1849
1849
1849
1849
1849
1850
1849
1849
1849
1849
1849
1849
1849
1849
1849
1849
1849
1849
1849
1849
1849
1849
1849
1849
1852
1852
1852
1852
1852
1852
1852
1852
1852
1852
1852
1852
1852
1852
1852
h. m, s.
4 56 36.56
5 3 4.64
5 10 29.37
5 11 34.43
5 17 47.93
5.20 2.54
5 21 43.27
5 27 46.91
5 29 32.90
5 30 22.84
5 32 12.53
5 44 34.81
5 46 14.82
5 48 37.56
5 54 3.94
5 54 28.46
5 54 55.74
6 1 30.57
6 2 16.67
6 2 22.31
6 6 5.22
6 7 35.12
6 9 26.16
6 11 31.81
6 15 25.65
6 16 46.90
6 19 23.83
6 21 2.27
6 21 10.68
6 21 36.24
6 25 44.27
6 25 46.64
6 27 21.09
6 27 52.67
6 34 38.37
7 39 42.38
7 44 13.24
7 55 15.48
7 57 49.85
8 11 43.82
8 17 51.15
8 19 49.82
8 22 44.97
8 24 14.71
8 34 42.88
8 45 27.95
8 45 44.90
8 48 54.48
9 3 19.49
9 4 16.43
s.
f3.704
3.711
3.711
3.760
3.725
3.685
3.728
3.740
3.733
3.712
3.734
3.733
3.735
3.720
3.731
3.733
3.707
3.724
3.678
3.724
3.705
3.709
3.711
3.716
3.696
3.709
3.712
3.699
3.714
3.706
3.692
3.684
3.677
3.676
3.695
3.598
3.574
3.615
3.562
3.582
3.585
3.573
3.568
3.565
3.493
3.494
3.492
3.469
3.429
+3.432
o / //
+26 13 6.8
26 16 19.8
26 5 49.1
27 47 58.7
26 26 55.4
25 1 22.9
26 27 45.9
26 49 30.7
26 31 27.3
25 48 24.6
26 31 51.5
26 23 1.5
26 26 45.9
25 55 46.6
26 16 30.6
26 20 57.9
25 26 37.7
26 2 16.1
24 26 51.7
26 41.7
25 22 23.1
25 32 22.8
25 35 2.6
25 45 45.7
25 7 20.9
25 35 24.2
25 42 30.6
25 14 27.0
25 46 40.8
•' 25 31 16.5
25 156.0
24 44 44.4
24 32 49.3
24 31 4.9
25 16 32.0
23 30 9.5
22 42 37.0
24 55 10.8
22 52 39.6
24 29 3.7
25 59.6
24 37 55.5
24 34 34.5
24 35 4.3
21 59 49".
22 51 37.6
22 46 35.3
21 54 58.2
21 1 48.4
+21 16 51.1
'/
+ 5.48
4.93
-4.30
4.21
3.67
3.48
3.33
2.81
2.65
2.58
2.42
1.34
1.20
0.99
0.51
0.48
+ 0.44
— 0.14
0.21
0.21
0.54
0.67
0.83
1.01
1.35
1.47
1.70
1.84
1.86
1.89
2.25
2.26
2.39
2.44
3.03
8.44
8.80
9.66
9.85
10.89
11.34
11.48
11.69
11.80
12.53
13.25
13.27
13.47
14.38
—14.44
1
2
3
a
4
c
5
d
8
e
9
10
11
12
13
14
/
15
S
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
25
26
27
28
30
31
32
33
35
i
k
58
I
64
m
n
V
9
89
s
93
100
101
Piazzi V 41
. 6.7
llSTauri . . .
. 6
Piazzi V 145 .
. 7
125Tauri . . .
Lalande 10669 .
Lalande 11108 .
. 6
. 9
. 8^
139Tauri . . .
Rilmkerl673 .
Rumker 1680 .
Piazzi V 306 .
Lalande 11684 .
5 Geminorum
Lalande 11714 .
Lalande 11854 .
Lalande 11946 .
Lalande . -j \\q.
. 5.6
. 8
. 7
. 8
. 6
. 9
. 8
1: |«
Piazzi Yl 78 ,
Lalande 12237
Lalande 12336
. 7
. 9
. 8i
Lalande 12395
. 9
Lalande 12554
Lalande 12567
. 8
. 9
»
^
27 Geminorum
82 Geminorum
84 Geminorum
Lalande 15707
Bradley 1158
A Oancri . .
24 v^ €ancri, pr. .
281)° Cancri . .
3Qv^ Cancri . .
32v* Cancri . ,
43y Cancri . .
Lalande 17513
Lalande 17528
. . 3.4
. . 7
. . 6.7
. . 9
. . 7
. . 6
. . 7
. . 6.7
, . 6
. . 6
. . 4.5
. . 9
. . 7.8
Lalande 18105
. . 9
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COMPAEISON-STAES.
CXUl
For the stars from the Histoire Celeste of Lalande, the British reductions made and published
under the superintendence of Mr. Baily have been employed, but with some endeavor towards
critical scrutiny. The numbers of this catalogue are also here employed for reference. One
zone, however, that of 1796, March 4, seemed to give places differing so much and so uniformly
from other determinations of the same stars, as to render it advisable to reduce this anew, which
was accordingly done. The tables of Hansen and Nissen were found to be computed with
entire correctness, and the only possible source of discordance to be in the declinations of the
fundamental stars selected from Piazzi, as the basis of the reduction. The stars chosen for
determining the constants anew were these :
From Kiimker's Catalogue, N»- 2353, 2383, [2404,] 2m, 2503, 2504, 2533, 2558, 2785
2799, 2840, 2896, 2920, 2955, 2972, 3004, 3012, [3013,] 3016, 3023, 3047, 3097.
From the Twelve-Year Catalogue, N°«- 769, 770, [775,] 802, 804, 809.
From Argelander's Catalogue, N°- 207.
Those of the above mentioned stars whose numbers are inclosed in brackets proved to have
been ill observed by Lalande, and were, consequently, excluded. The result indicates the need
of a correction of - 2". 3 to the values given by the tables published by Prof Schumacher, in
his Hulfstafeln, and used for the preparation of Baily's edition of the Histoire Celeste. The
average correction to Lalande's declinations for other zones at the same altitude is— 3".l if
Bessel be the standard. '
Comparison-Stars from Lalande.
Mean place 1800.0.
Red. to year of comp.
Mean place for
beginning of year.
Page H. C.
No. Catalogue.
Year of
comparison.
No.
d.
in^.
a
in a.
a-
8.
204
9531
h. m. s.
4 53 31.37
o / //
+26 8 28.2
1850
m. s.
+3 5.13
/ //
+ 4 40.4
h. m. s.
4 56 36.50
° 1 II
+26 13 8.6
1
139,143
9944,5
5 8 26.50
27 44 27.3
1850
3 7.98
3 37.1
5 11 34.48
27 48 4.4
145,204
10231-3
5 16 58.16
24 58 19.7
1850
3 4.23
3 0.6
5 20 2.39
25 1 20.2
c
143
10510
5 24 40.02
26 47 7.1
1850
3 7.02
2 27.3
5 27 47.04
26 49 34.4
d
145
10605
5 27 20.65
25 46 16.6
1849
3 1.79
2 13.1
5 30 23.42
25 48 29.7
e
145
10669
5 29 9.19
26 29 46.4
1849
3 2.92
2 5.4
5 32 12.11
26 31 51.8
9
310
11108
5 41 32.85
26 21 49.1
1849
3 2.91
1 12.5
5 44 35.76
26 23 1.6
10
145
11220
5 45 35.32
25 54 49.0
1849
3 2.29
55.3
5 48 37.61
25 55 44.3
12
310
11441
5 51 49.97
25 26 14.3
1850
3 5.38
+0 29.0
5 54 55 35
25 26 43.3
/
15
310
11684
5 58 28.22
26 2 16 8
1849
3 2.50
0.0
6 1 30.72
26 2 16.8
310
11714
5 59 19.70
26 45.7
1849
3 2.40
~0 3.6
6 2 22.10
26 42.1
16
310
11854
6 3 3.56
25 22 46.3
1849
3 1.47
19.6
6 6 5.03
25 22 26.7
17
145
11946
6 5 33.34
25 33 47.1
1849
3 1.72
26.0
6 7 35.06
25 32 21 . 1
18
145,310
11976,8
6 6 23 32
25 35 36.9
1849
* 3 1.78
33 9
6 9 25.10
25 35 3.0
19
145,310
12197,9
6 12 24.25
25 8 19.15
1849
3 1.10
59 6
6 15 25.35
25 7 19.5
21
145
12237
6 13 45.58
25 36 36.7
1849
3 1.75
1 5.4
6 16 47.33
25 35 31.2
22
145,310
12336,7
6 16 22.34
25 43 51.6
1849
3 1,82
1 16.6
6 19 24.16
25 42 35
25
145
12395
6 18 7.65
25 48 5.0
1849
3 1.96
1 24.1
6 21 9.61
25 46 40.9
27
145
12554
6 22 43.27
25 3 44.3
1849
3 0.87
1 43.7
6 25 44.14
25 2 0.6
30
145
12557
6 22 46.62
24 46 32.1
1849
3 0.47
1 43.9
6 25 47.09
24 44 48.2
31
145
12666
6 25 44.71
24 59 28.0
1849
3 0.73
1 56.6
6 28 45.41
24 57 31.4
34
316,145
12880,2
6 3L 37.36
25 18 50.1
1849
3 1.07
2 21.6
6 34 38.43
25 16 28.5
35
51
51
14961
' 7 30 45.88
14 39 52.3
1852
2 56.38
6 48.5
7 33 42.26
14 33 3.8
42
15125
7 36 01
16 14.4
1852
2 57.80
7 10.4
7 38 57.81
15 53 4.0
44
214
15146
7 36 34.97
23 37 24.4
1852
3 7.30
7 13.2
7 39 42.27
23 30 11.3
i
214
15221
7 38 43 35
24 16 38.2
1852
3 8.04
7 22.0
7 41 51.39
24 9 16.2
45
211,214,273
51
214
15312-4
7 41 7.29
22 50 8.8
18.52
3 6.02
7 31.8
7 44 13.31
22 42 37.0
k
15338
7 41 55.12
13 6 18.7
• 1852
2 57.71
7 34.8
7 44 53 83
15 58 43.9
46
15)01
7 43 27.81
24 52 33.4
1852
3 8.53
7 41.5
7 46 36.. 34
24 44 50 9
47
214
15412
7 43 44.64
+24 44 27.1
1852
+3 8.34
—7 42.6
7 46 52.98
+24 36 44.5
48
Qo
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CXIV
COMPARISON-STARS.
Comparison- Stars from Lalande — Continued.
Mean place 1800.0.
Red. to year of comp.
Mean place for beginning of year.
Page H. C.
Vo. Catalogue.
Year of
comparison
No.
a-
8.
in «.
in d.
a.
(?.
h. m. s.
° 1 II
m. s.
1 II
h. m. s.
/ //
51
15468
7 45 37.49
-f 16 18 50.2
1852
+2 57.80
—7 49.9
■7 48 35.29
+16 11 0.3
51
214
15548
7 47 46.51
23 42 52.0
1852
3 6.76
7 58.9
7 50 53.27
23 34 53.1
53
214
15608
7 49 30.66
24 27 6.2
1852
3 7.60
8 6.0
7 52 38.26
24 19 0.2
55
146
15707
7 52 7.22
25 3 26.2
1852
3 8.21
8 16.5
7 55 15.43
24 55 9.7
58
214
15795
7 54 45.07
23 1 9.2
1852
3 5.44
8 26.8
7 57 50.51
22 52 42.4
I
52
16068
8 2 30.03
16 13 21.3
1852
2 56.97
8 57.1
8 5 27.00
16 4 24.2
61
211
16236
8 7 11.06
22 6 19.1
1852
3 3.47
9 15.4
8 10 14.53
21 57 3.7
63
214,279,286
16288-90,91
8 8 37.28
24 38 24.2
1852
3 6.50
9 21.1
8 11 43.78
24 29 3.1
64
214
16447
8 13 2.11
24 34 48.5
1552
3 3.71
9 37.9
8 16 5.82
24 25 10.6
68
214
16464
« 13 30.16
24 11 12.9
1852
3 5.58
9 39.7
8 16 35.74
24 1 33.2
69
214,286
16517-9
8 14 44.55
25 10 53.2
1852
3 6.69
9 44.4
8 17 51.24
25 1 8.8
m
211
16582
8 16 26.80
21 48 13.1
1852
3 2.54
9 50.6
8 19 29.34
21 38 22,5
70
214,279,286
16597-9
8 16 43.47
24 47 52.6
1852
3 6,06
9 51.8
8 19 49.53
24 38 0.8
n
211
16659
8 18 41.68
21 30 56.2
1852
3 2.05
9 59.0
8 21 43.73
21 20 57.2
74
214,286
16685,7
8 19 39.66
24 44 41.5
1852
3 5.74
10 2.8
8 22 45.41
24 34 38.6
286
16763
8 21 9.56
24 45 17.9
1852
3 5.65
10 8.3
8 24 15.21
24 35 9.6
P
211
17013
8 28 10.98
20 46 48.8
1852
3 0.57
10 19.3
8 31 11.55
20 36 14.5
81
148,212,214,286
17143-6
8 31 42.25
22 10 43.0
1852
3 1.85
10 46.5
8 34 43.10
21 59 56 5
9
212
17513
8 42 26.06
23 3 5.5
1852
3 1.94
11 24.1
8 45 28.00
22 51 41.4
89
219,254
17514,5
8 42 27.50
20 42 48.8
1852
2 59.46
11 24.1
8 45 26.96
20 31 24.7
r
212,214
17598,9
8 42 43.55
22 58 14.6
1852
3 1.83
11 25.1
8 45 45.38
22 46 49.5
s
212
17690
8 47 25.60
21 56 1.9
1852
3 0.34
11 41.1
8 50 25.94
21 44 20.8
94
212
17937
8 55 17.38
21 18 46.5
1852
2 59.06
12 7.1
8 58 16.44
21 6 24.4
97
212
18105
9 20.78
21 14 15.1
1852
2 58.56
12 23.4
9 3 19.34
21 1 51.7
100
212
18132
9 1 7.87
+21 29 26.3
1852
2 58.74
12 25.9
9 4 16.61
21 17 0.4
101
567
30556
16 37 50.45
-26 22 44.7
1850
3 4.76
5 45.6
16 40 55.21
26 28 30.2
110
567
30874
16 48 53.77
26 56 14.1
1850
3 6.05
4 59.7
16 51 59.82
+27 1 13.8
114
343
31543
17 10 57.74
17 29 35.4
1851
2 57.71
3 30.8
17 13 55.45
—17 33 6.2
122
170,343
31791,2
17 18 19.76
17 38 14.2
1851
2 58.02
2 58.5
17 21 17.78
17 41 12.7
123
170,343
31931,2
17 22 20.04
17 40 52.8
1851
2 58.13
2 40.8
17 25 18.17
17 43 33.6
124
170
32426
17 35 45.58
18 1 4.6
1851
2 58.73
1 41.4
17 38 44.31
18 2 46.0
127
170
32706
17 43 23.78
18 14 20.0
1851
2 59.08
1 3.0
17 46 22.86
18 15 23.0
129
568
32727
17 44 4.68
28 1 2.9
1850
3 9.09
1 2.7
17 47 13.77
28 2 5.6
130
568
32974
17 50 19 04
27 48 36.8
1850
3 8.82
35.5
17 53 27.86
27 49 12.3
132
568
33214
17 56 41.42
27 44 48.0
1850
3 8.74
—0 7.6
17 59 50.16
27 44 55.6
135
566
33394
18 1 2.34
25 10 55.9
1850
3 5.00
+0 11.3
18 4 7.34
25 10 44.6
136
567,568
33427-8
18 1 37.29
27 32 21.1
1850
3 8.42
14.0
18 4 45.71
27 32 7 1
137
171
33598
18 6 5.94
18 51 20.1
1851
2 59.91
33.9
18 9 5.85
18 50 46.2
141
171
33748
18 9 37.56
18 56 3.2
1851
2 59.99
49.6
18 12 37.55
18 55 13.6
144
567
33855
18 12 12.64
26 34 51.6
1850
3 6.95
1 0.2
18 15 19.59
26 33 51.4
146
567
33989
18 15 15.78
—26 44 13.9
1850
%
+3 7.14
+1 13.5
18 18 22.92
—26 43 0.4
147
For N°* 11946 the a is assumed to be Im. less than recorded. This error was transferred to the Nautical Almanac, and to both series of the Cape
Observations .
For N°' 18132 the a is assumed to be 10s. greater than recorded.
For N"' 17013 an error of 15" in S is assumed.
For N*' 17937 an error of 15" in 6 is assumed.
Other observations still may be found in the catalogues of Eumker, Piazzi and Taylor, the
zones of Lament and the observations of Mr. Maclear at the Cape of Good Hope. These are
appended, as well as the manuscript observations of Professor Brtinnow at Ann Arbor, already
mentioned, and a small table containing such other observations as have. been found of the
comparison-stars which are identified and employed in these computations.
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COMPARISON-STARS.
Comparison-Stars from Rumher,
cxv
No. Catalogue.
Mag.
a 1836.0.
No. of
obs.
Ann.
Prec.
d 1836.0.
No. of
obs.
Ann.
Prec.
i
1
Reduction.
Mean place for beginning of year.
No.
ft
in a-
in d.
1 II
a.
d.
h. m. s.
s.
/ //
s.
h. m. s.
1499
6
5 29 34.37
2
-f-3.708
+25 47 50.38
2
+2.44
1849
+48.24
+0 34. J
5 30 22.61
+ 25 48 24.5
e
1673
• •
5 53 15.21
1
3,727
26 16 24.24
1
0.59
1849
48.. 50
7.2
5 54 3.71
26 16 31.5.
13
1680
8
5 53 39.52
2
3.728
26 20 53.52
1
0.55
1849
48.57
6.8
5 54 28.09
26 21 0.3
14
1685
5 54 3.59
16
3.704
25 26 36.23
10
+0.49
1850
51.89
+ 6.8
5 54 55.48
25 26 43.0
f
1737
6
6 42.10
5
3.722
26 2 16.88
5
—0.10
1849
48.42
- 1.2
6 41 30.52
26 2 15.7
15
1744
7
6 1 28.33
1
3.675
24 27 2.01
1
0.15
1849
47.82
2.1
6 2 16.15
24 26 59.9
g
1783
6 6 47.04
1
3.701
25 22 23.99
1
0.59
1849
48.23
8.1
6 7 35.27
25 32 15.8
18
1979
3
6 33 50.37
16
3.691
25 17 9.11
13
2.95
1849
47.95
38.8
6 34 38.31
25 16 30.3
35
2335
6
7 47 40.39
3
3.414
16 13 19.63
2
9.07
1852
54.69
2 25.8
7 48 35.08
16 10 53.8
51
2372
7 52 37.01
1
3.406
16 34.13
1
9.46
1852
54.54
2 32.0
7 53 31.56
15 58 2.1
56
2476
6
8 10 46.32
3
3.581
24 31 56.65
3
10.82
1852
57.34
2 53.9
8 11 43.66
24 29 2.7
64
2516
7.8
8 16 54.07
2
3.585
25 4 4.29
2
11.31
1852
57.36
3 1,0
8 17 51.43
25 1 3.3
m
2545
8 21 47.79
1
3.566
24 37 43.39
1
11.67
1852
57.06
3 6.7
8 22 44.85
24 34 36.7
N«chtr.VIlI,13
8 23 30.76
1
3.374
15 49 30.15
1
11.75
1852
54.05
3 8.e>
8 24 24.81
15 46 21.6
75
Nachtr.VIll,19
8
8 30 16.00
1
3.467
20 39 28.60
1
12.22
1852
55.52
3 16.2
8 31 11.52
20 36 12.4
81
2613
8 31 30.14
1
3.427
18 49 33.. 55
1
12.30
1852
54.88
3 17.5
8 32 25.02
18 46 16.0
83
2624
4.5
8 33 46.88
6
3.492
22 3 9.20
5
12.47
1852
55.87
3 19.6
8 34 42.75
21 59 49.6
g
2799
• •
9 6 45.58
1
3.415
20 45 2.14
1
14.58
1851
51 27
3 39.3
9 7 36.85
20 41 23.8
104
2800
9 6 48.13
1
3.411
20 31 41.58
1
14.58
1851
51.16
3 39.4
9 7 39 29
20 28 2.2
105
2830
7
9 11 23.40
3
-1-3.391
+19 46 47.71
3
—14.86
1851
+50.90
-3 43.4
9 12 14.30
+ 19 43 4.3
109
In N°- 1783 the S is assumed to be 25° 32', instead of 25' S
Comparison- Stars from
Piazzi,
No. Catalogue.
Mean place, 1800.0.
Year of
comparison.
Red. to year <
3f comparison.
Mean place for beginning of year.
No.
d.
a.
in a.
in d.
a.
d.
h. m. s.
o / //
m. s.
1 II
h. m. s.
IV, 287
4 53 31.70
+ 26 8 28.2
1850
+ 3 5.13
+ 4 40.4
4 56 36.83
+ 26 13 8.6
1
V, 41
5 8 26.56
27 44 25.5
3850
3 7.98
3 37.1
5 11 34.54
27 48 2.6
a
98
5 16 58.36
24 58 25.0
1850
3 4.23
3 0.6
5 20 2 59
25 1 25.6
c
145
5 24 39.67
26 47 4,9
1850
3 7.02
2 27.3
5 27 46.69
26 49 30.2
d
165
5 27 20.50
25 46 14.8
1849
3 1.79
2 13.1
5 30 22.29
25 48 27.9
e
273
5 45 35.16
25 54 51.5
1849
3 2.29
55.3
5 48 37.45
25 55 46.8
12
306
5 51 50.07
25 26 12.8
1850
3 5.38
+ 29.0
5 54 55.45
25 26 41.8
J
350
5 59 16.24
24 26 59.5
1849
3 0.21
— 3.3
6 2 16.45
24 26 56.2
g
VII, 207
7 36 34.78
23 37 23.6
1852
3 7.30
7 13.2
7 39 42.08
23 30 10.5
i
232
7 41 7.40
22 50 14.3
1852
3 6.02
7 31.8
7 44 13.42
22 42 42.5
k
299
7 54 45.00
23 1 10.0
1852
3 5.44
8 26.8
7 57 50.44
22 52 43.2
I
VIII, 41
8 8 37.18
24 38 26.7
1852
3 6.50
9 21.1
8 11 43.68
24 29 5.6
64
65
8 14 44.80
25 10 49.0
1852
3 6 69
9 44 4
8 17 51.49
25 1 4 6
TO
76
8 16 43 67
24 47 51.4
1852
3 6.06
9 51.8
8 19 49.73
24 37 59 6
n
84
8 19 39.50
24 44 42.0
1852
3 5.74
10 2.8
8 22 45.25
24 34 39.2
89
8 21 9.34
24 45 14.5
1852
3 5.65
10 8.3
8 21 J4.99
21 35 6.2
P
121
8 28 10.52
20 46 49.5
1852
3 0.57
10 33.8
8 31 11.09
20 36 15.7
81
142
8 31 41 30
22 10 39.0
1852
3 1.85
10 46.5
8 34 43.15
21 .^9 52.5
q
195
8 42 27.90
20 42 49,2
1852
2 59.46
11 24.1
8 45 27.36
20 31 25.1
r
IX, 50
9 9 21.00
+ 19 55 43.3
1851
2 53 18
12 36.6
9 12 14.18
+ 19 4J 6.7
109
XVII, 43
17 8 15.47
— 17 31 58.5
1851
2 57.71
3 42.5
17 11 1.3.18
— 17 35 41,0
118
63
17 10 57.47
17 29 37.7
1851
2 57.71
3 30.8
17 13 55.18
17 33 8.5
123
221
17 35 45.50
18 1 1.5
1851
2 58.73
— 1 41.4
17 38 44.23
18 2 42.9
127
XVIII, 24
18 5 32.10
27 5 58.0
1850
3 7 76
+ 31.1
18 8 39.86
27 5 26.9
140
41
18 9 53.82
26 29 38.0
1850 .
3 6.84
50.1
18 13 0.66
26 28 47.9
145
95
18 20 42.87
— 19 6 2.2
1851
+ 3 0.12
+ 1 39.0
18 23 42.99
— 19 4 23.2
148
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CXVl
COMPARISON-STARS,
Comparison-Stars from Taylor,
No. Catalogue.
Mean place, k35.
Year of
CO 111 pari son.
Red. to year of compal•i^on
]Vlean place for beginning of yt^ar.
No.
a.
d.
in a.
in d.
a.
d.
h. m s.
o , n
m.. s.
1 n
h. m. s.
/ //
1808
4 55 41.12
-f 26 11 44.4
1850
+ 55.57
+ 1 22.6
4 56 36.69
+ 26 13 7.0
1
1912
5 10 38.11
27 46 55.3
1850
56.39
1 3.7
5 11 34.50
27 4,' 59.0
a
1988
5 19 7.20
25 32.6
1850
55.27
52.8
5 20 2.47
25 1 25.4
c
2045
5 26 50 77
26 48 47.6
1850
56.09
42.8
5 27 46.86
26 49 30.4
d
2071
5 29 30.83
25 47 46.5
1849
51.96
36.7
5 30 22.79
25 48 23.2
e
2220
5 47 45.58
25 55 3i.O
1849
52 09
14.4
5 48 37.67
25 55 45.5
12
2266
5 54 0,29
25 26 31.6
1850
55.60
-j- 7.3
5 54 55.89
25 26 38.9
/
2335
6 1 25.01
24 26 55.7
1849
51.50
— 2.3
6 2 16.51
24 26 53.4
g
2456
6 14 33.87
25 7 39.6
1849
51.77
18.3
6 15 25.64
25 7 21.2
21
2632
6 33 46.70
25 17 12.0
1849
51.76
41.7
6 34 38.46
25 16 30.3
35
3222
7 38 41 .28
23 32 35.3
1852
1 1.22
2 23.0
7 39 42.50
23 30 12.3
i
3272
7 43 12.73
22 45 13.0
1852
1 0.79
2 29.1
7 44 13.52
22 42 43.9
k
3306
7 47 37.08
16 13 28.4
1852
58.11
2 34.8
7 48 35.19
16 10 53.6
51
3402
7 56 48.99
22 5t 27
1852
1 0.60
2 47.0
7 57 49.59
22 52 40.0
I
3519
8 10 42.92
24 32 11.5
1852
1 0.93
3 4.7
8 11 43.85
24 29 6.8
64
3575
8 16 50.33
25 4 13.2
1852
1 1 00
3 12.4
8 17 51.33
25 1 0.8
m
3594
8 18 49.30
24 41 14.0
1852
1 0.79
3 14.8
8 19 50.09
24 37 59.2
n
3617
8 21 44.61
24 37 53.7
1852
1 0.71
3 18.4
8 22 45.32
24 34 35.3
3635
8 23 14.19
24 38 25.7
1852
1 0.66
3 20.1
8 24 14.85
24 35 5.6
P
3739
8 33 43.65
22 3 22.4
1852
59.41
3 32.6
8 34 43.06
31 59 49.8
Q
3861
8 44 28.47
20 35 9.2
1852
58.63
3 44.8
8 45 27.10
20 31 24.4
r
4088
9 11 20.31
-f 39 47 4.7
1851
54.30
3 58.2
9 12 14.61
+ 19 43 6.5
109
8004
17 10 17.56
— 17 34 33.5
1851
55.78
1 8.5
17 11 13.34
— 17 35 42.0
118
8219
17 37 48.29
• 18 2 14.7
1851
56.08
— 30.4
17 38 44.37
18 2 45.1
127
8437
18 7 43.67
27 5 39.7
1850
56.33
+ 10.7
18 8 40.00
27 5 29.0
140
8458
18 12 4.92
26 29 6.9
1850
56.06
16.5
18 13 0.98
26 28 50.4
145
8533
18 22 46.65
— 19 4 57.2
1851
56.51
-f- 32.5
18 23 43.16
— 19 4 24.6
148
Comparison-Stars from Lamont,
Page Catalogue.
Vol. VII.
I
Mean place, 1830.0
Year of
comparison.
Red. to year of comparison.
Mean place for beginning of year.
No.
a.
d.
in a-
in^.
a.
d.
125
128
127
127
127
198
h. m. s.
17 27 29.92
17 52 11.94
18 3 30.24
18 10 39 09
18 11 22.64
18 17 7.91
o / //
— 27 56 2.9
27 49
27 32
26 9 2 5
18 55 40.5
— 23 24 31.1
1850
1850
1850
18.50
1851
18.50
m. s.
+ 1 15.48
1 15.54
1 15 70
1 14.55
1 14.12
+ 1 14.84
//
— 55.61
+ 19.27
22.10
-f- 31.05
h. m. s.
17 28 45.40
17 53 27.48
18 4 45 94
18 11 53.64
18 12 36.76
18 18 22.75
o / //
— 27 56 58.5
27 49
27 32
26 8 43.2
18 55 18.4
— 26 43 0.0
125
132
137
143
144
147
The declination of the last of these stars is given in the Munich Zon's as —26° 24 ; but the agreement of the place with that of our star,
N°. 147, is so complete in all other re^pecls, that I have had no hesitation in as>uming the minutes as 43, instead of 24, as priiittd. The decli-
nation will then accord with Argelander's to l'/.2, and with the mean between Argelander and Washington to 0'/.8, although differing from that
of the B. A. Catalogue by 9". 5. The right-ascensions agree.
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COMPARISON-STAES. CXvii
Oomparisori^Stars determined at Cape of Good Hope during the first series of Mars-observations.
No.
Date.
Observed
Red. to 1849.0.
_ Reduced d.
Reduced 0.
Mean places, 1849.0.
a.
d.
in a.
in d.
«,
d.
35
1849. Nov. 18
h. m, s.
6 34 42.03
/ //
+ 25 16 16.71
s.
— 3 58
II
+11.49
h. m. s.
6 34 38.45
° 1 II
+25 16 28.20
h. m. s.
/ //
19
42.02
18.25
3.61
11.51
38.41
29.76
21
. . . .
16.94
11.56
28.50
24
42.17
3.67
...
38.50
6 34 38.45
+25 16 28.82
21
Nov. 2]
24
6 15 29.47
29.42
25 7 10.27
-• 3.75
3.83
+ 9.86
6 15 25.72
25.59
25 7 20.13
30
29.65
9.13
3.96
9.95
25.69
19.08
Dec. 1
....
9.83
9.96
....
19.79
2
29.51
12.09
4.01
9.96
25.50
22.05
3
11.93
9.97
....
21.90
6 15 25.62
25 7 20.59
25
Nov, 27
6 19 28.16
25 42 23.61
- 3.90
+10.40
6 19 24.26
25 42 34.01
28
28.43
23.62
3.92
10.41
24.51
34.03
29
. . . .
24.92
10.41
35.33
30
28.80
3.97
24.83
6 19 24.53
25 42 34.46
27
Dec. 2
6 21 14.50
25 47 19.15
— 4.00
+ 10.61
6 21 10.50
25 47 29.76
1850. Jan. 8
15.07
4.55
10.52
6 21 10.51
15
1849. Dec. 4
6
26 2 10.01
8.47
+ 8.72
8.71
26 2 18.73
17.18
9
9.12
8.67
. . . .
17.79
• . . .
26 2 17,90
12
Dec. 9
10
• • . .
25 55 40.61
37.44
.
+ 7,33
7.32
....
25 55 47.94
44.76
11
5 48 42.81
38.57
— 4.28
7.31
5 48 38.53
45.88
1850. Jan. 10
42.28
4.62
37.66
10
5 48 38.09
25 55 46.19
1849. Dec. 11
. . . .
26 22 53.36
+ 6.87
26 23 0.23
14
5 44 40.26
55.53
— 4.34
6.80
5 44 35.92
2.33
15
39.93
55.39
4.35
6.78
35.58
2.17
16
....
57.18
. . .
6.76
....
3.94
18
....
55.12
. . .
6.73
1.85
5 44 35.75
26 23 2.10
9
Dec. 20
....
26 31 47.55
+ 5.29
26 31 52.84
21
5 32 16.83
48.82
— 4.44
5.26
5 32 12.39
54.08
22
....
47.66
.
5.23
52.89
23
16.98
• • . . .
4.45
.
12.53
26
16.61
46.93
4.49
5.10
12.12
52.03
27
16.95
47.80
4.49
5.07
12.46
52.87
29
16.85
47.41
4.51
5.00
12.34
52.41
31
16.94
45.59
4.52
4.94
12.42
50.53
1850. Jan. 3
16.94
48.85
4.54
4.82
12.40
53.67
5 32 12.38
26 31 52.66
8
J 849. Dec, 22
. . .
26 31 22.95
+ 4.95
26 31 27.90
23
22.71
4.91
27.62
24
. . .
23.27
.
4.87
28.14
27
23.44
4.77
28.21
29
. . .
22.10
4.64
26.74
31
21.28
4.51
25.79
1850. Jan. 3
23.38
4.42
27.80
....
26 31 27.46
1
1850. Jan. 7
4 56 37.34
26 12 58.60
— 4.44
+ 0.54
4 56 32.90
26 12 59.14
•"
8
37 31
13 0.24
4.44
0.51
32.87
13 0.75
9
37 47
0.61
4.43
0.48
33.04
1.09
10
37.38
1.67
4.43
0.45
32.95
2.12
12
37.45
1.44
4.42
0.39
33.03
1 83
14
37.51
1.09
4.41
0.34
33.10
1.43
15
37.59
1.21
4.41
0.33
33.18
1.53
16
37.36
0.77
4.40
0.29
32.96
1.06
4 56 33.00
26 13 1.12
17
1849. Dec. 21
6 6 9.71
— 4.38
« . .
6 6 5.33
6 6 5.33
18
1850. Jan. 7
6 8 39.55
-4.54
.
6 7 35.01
8
39.68
• • • . .
4.55
.
35.13
6 7 35.07
l^:^lmZ:^^:ZZT:iZ mZf '° "' '"""''' ""' """"'^ '^ ''"'■ ^'' ""'^ "> ^^"^ "" """" Co™pariso„-Sta« ftom Lalande.
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CXVlll
COMPARISON-STARS.
Oomparison-Stars determined at Gape of Good Hope during the second series of Mars observations.
No.
Date.
Observed^.
Red. to 1852.0.
Mean § 1852.0.
No.
Date.
Observed (5.
Red. to 1852.0.
Mean (J 1852.0.
1852.
<» / //
//
o / //
1852.
/ //
II
/ //
101
Jan. 3
+21 16 49.48
+3.53
+21 16 53.01
64
Feb. 13
+24 29 1.13
+4.35
+24 29^ 5.48
64
Jan. 19
20
21
22
23
24
24 29 1.46
29 1.03
28 58.73
29 0.86
0.80
1.48
+3.92
3.94
4.00
4.04
4.07
4.10
24 29 5.38
4.97
4.90
4.87
5.58
14
16
17
18
19
20
1.45
2.92
2.36
0.93
3.41
3.20
4.35
4.33
4.32
4.31
4.30
4.29
4.24
4.22
5,80
7.25
6.68
5.24
26
27
29
0.92
1.54
0.67
4.16
4.19
4.25
5.08
5.73
4.92
23
24
4.22
+24 29 5.75
Feb, 2
1.85
4.30
6.15
58
Feb. 11
24 55 10.01
+2.94
3
1.53
4.32
5.85
12
8.83
2.89
24 55 11.72
9
2.09
4.36
6.45
13
8.39
2.84
11.23
10
2.30
4.36
6.66
14
8.38
2.78
11.16
12
2.11
4.36
6.47
16
9.71
2.67
+24 55 11.37
Gomparison-Stars from Ann Arbor observations.
No.
Mean place 1856.0.
Year of comp.
Red. to year of comparison.
Mean place for beginning of year.
a-
d.
in a-
in d.
«.
d.
112
113
119
120
121
122
125
128
132
134
139
143
h. m. s.
16 49 37
16 50 30
17 13 17
17 13 48
17 14 17
17 14 15
17 29 11
17 44 19
17 53 53
17 59 25
18 7 24
18 12 15
/ //
—26 53 0.78
26 57 12.84
27 51 20.28
27 31 52.40
27 49 30.38
17 33 30.92
27 57 16.54
28 1 5.63
27 49 17.89
27 39 29-28
27 27 20.40
—26 8 41.39
1850
1850
1850
1850
1850
1851
1850
1850
1850
1850
1850
1850
s.
—22.306
22.322
22.581
22.526
22.580
17.437
22.649
22.685
22.663
22.635
22.597
-22.367
II
+36.468
36.030
24.456
24.186
23.940
19.965
16.230
8.322
3.306
+ 0.402
— 3.786
— 5.808
h. m. s.
16 49 15
16 50 8
17 12 54
17 13 25
17 13 54
17 13 58
17 28 48
17 43 56
17 53 30
17 59 2
18 7 1
18 11 53
o / //
—26 52 24.31
26 56 36.81
27 50 55.82
27 31 28.21
27 49 6.44
17 33 10.96
27 57 0.31
28 57.31
27 49 14.58
27 39 28 88
27 27 24.19
— 26 8 47.20
Gomparison- Stars from various sources.
Epoch.
Obs'd a.
i
o
Obs'd <?.
X!
o
a
Red. to yeai
of comp.
Mean place for beg. of year.
No.
Authority.
o
o
o
d.
o
o
in a.
in dm
a.
h. m. s.
o / //
m. s.
1 II
h. m. s.
1 II
.35
Brisbane ........
1825.0
6 33 8.25
3
+25 17 41.6
2
1849
+1 28.60
—1 10.9
6 34 36.85
+25 16 30.7
49
Struve Cat. Gen., 931 ....
1830.0
7 45 45.86
4
+25 6 20.4
4
1852
+1 19.88
-3 17.7
7 47 5.74
+25 3 2.7
51
Wrottesley, Mem. R. A.S. XXIIT, 27
1850,0
7 48 28,17
5
.
1852
+ 6.83
. . ,
7 48 35.00
....
m
Struve Cat. Gen., 994 ....
1830.0
8 16 32.45
6
+25 5 10.7
6
1852
+1 18.91
—4 10.0
. 8 17 51.36
+35 1 0.7
83
Hamburg, A.N. XLTII,113 . ,
1856.0
8 32 39.23
3
+ 18 45 25,3
3
1852
— 13.72
+ 49.5
8 32 25.51
+18 4.6 14.8
91
Konigsberg,A. N.,XIII,83 , .
1833.0
8 46 19.89
13
+22 19 30.5
13
1852
+1 6.15
-4 13.6
8 47 26.04
+22 15 16.9
91
Dorpat, A.N. XIII, 213 . . .
1833.0
8 46 19.91
6
+22 19 34.1
5
1852
+ 1 6.15
—4 13.6
8 47 26.08
+22 15 20.5
92
Dorpat, A. N. XIII, 243 . . .
183 ?.0
8 46 26.32
2
+22 13 1.1
2
1852
+ 1 6.09
—4 13.4
8 47 32.41
+22 8 47.7
141
Aliona, A. N. Vn, 81 ....
1828.0
18 7 44.40
2
—18 51 10.3
1
1851
+1 21.14
+0 17.1
18 9 5.54
—18 50 53.2
143
Wrottesley, Mem. R.A.S. XXIII, 39 1850
18 11 53 .36
5
. . . .
1850
0.0
18 11 53.36
....
144
Altona, A. N. VII, 8L .... 1828.0
18 11 16.00
3
—18 55 43.04
2
1851
+1 21.16
+0 24.1
18 12 37.16
—18 55 19.0
147
Wrottesley, Mem. R AS. XXIII, 39| 1850.0
18 18 22.50
5
1850
0.0
18 18 22. .'SO
For the Dorpat observation of N°. 91 and the Altona observation of N». 141, the declinations are so discrepant that they have not been incorporated
into the final means. The latt(>r, as published, gives the apparent place ; which has been transformed in this table into the mean place for the beginnmg
of the year.
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COMPARISON-STARS. Cxix
^ The fewness of the observations from most of the individual sources renders the determina-
tion of the constant differences for the results of the respective observers a matter of much
difficulty. And it was soon palpable that no trustworthy equation could be obtained for any
observer, which would hold even approximately both for the southern stars of the first Fenus-
series and the northern stars of the- three other series of observations. Nor did the^several
equations to be found in the books appear altogether satisfactory, or accordant.
The catalogue of Comparison-stars contains 148 stars, arranged and numbered in the order of
their right-ascensions. Of these, N-- 1-35, inclusive, belong to the first Mars-series, and are
all situated between 241° and 261° of north declination.
Twenty-three stars, between N°«- 47-86, inclusive, as well as N°^' 87-109, making 46 in all,
belong to the second Mars-series, and are between the declinations 191° and 25° north.
N^^' 36-46, as well as seventeen stars between N«- 47-86, making thirty-nine in all, belong
to the second Venus-series, and are situated between 141° and 25° north declination. So that of
all these 109 stars, none are farther north than +26°. 5, and none farther south than -f 14°.5.
The first Venus-series, on the other hand, contains thirty-nine stars, N««- 110-148 all'of
which are between 171° and 28° of south declination, and comprised' therefore within the
limits of Argelander's southern zones.
Of the special lists, the Santiago determinations comprise the whole list of stars compared
with Mars during the second series of observations.
The Washington determinations comprise the whole list of southern stars, with one exception
{Venus, I,) and 25 northern ones— 8 for Mars I, 17 for Mars II. '
The Cape determinations are for 12 stars observed with 3Iars I, and 3 observed with Mars II
The places from BesseF s zones are, of course, exclusively for northern, and those from Ar^e-
lander's exclusively for southern stars.
The twenty stars from Etimker's catalogue are all northern. Those from the third Greenwich
catalogue, and all but one from the Twelve- Year, are northern.
The stars from Lament and Briinnow are all southern.
From the positions taken from Lalande, 57 are for northern and 14 for southern stars.
Of those from Piazzi, 20 are northern and 6 are southern stars. Of those from Taylor 22
are northern and 5 are southern. '
Under these circumstances, it is manifestly most appropriate to refer the northern stars to
Bessel as the standard observer, and the southern to Argelander ; and this has been done for
the sake of avoiding as much uncertainty as possible. In order to deduce the corrections neces-
sary for reducing the declinations to the standard, all those stars which have been determined
by two different authorities have been made to contribute to the result, and the mean difference
for each two observers computed when possible.
Thus, we have for the Santiago (northern) determinations by 31 observations,
Santiago— Bessel z= -j- 0'^56 zb 0^'.38,
and by 17 observations,
Washington — Santiago =z -|- F.06 zb 0'^23
one observation being rejected in the latter case by Peirce's Criterion. '
The Greenwich catalogue of positions for 1850 gives by 23 observations,
Bessel— Greenwich = -f 0^^562 zb 0^^503,
and by 8 observations,
Washington — Greenwich = + 0^'.66 zb 0^^36.
Furthermore, we have from 20 observations (the same one being rejected as before,)
Washington — Bessel = -f 0^'.44 zb 0'^59 ;
and lastly, from 9 observations at the Cape, of which two were manifestly to be excluded but
by reason of their equality on the two sides of the mean, exerted no essential influence on the
result,
Maclear—Greenwich = + 0^'.39 ± 0^^31,
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Washington— Ann Arbor = + F.58 ± 0^^35,
CXX COMPARISON-STARS.
The incompatibility of some of these determinations is apparent, and the first five equations
require therefore to be combined with one another, according to the method of least squares,
after giving to each an appropriate weight. The values resulting from this combination have
been adopted. They are:
Bessel — Washington zi: — 0''. 76
Bessel— Santiago :==:— 0''.06
Bessel — Greenwich z=-f-0".23
Hence we also have,
Bessel— Maclear zz: — O^M 6 .
For southern stars we obtain, by 20 observations,
Argelander — Washington =z: + ^^74 dz 0'^40,
and by 12 observations,
whence,
Argelander — Ann Arbor zz: + 3'^32.
These corrections were uniformly applied, as also were the following equations as previously
determined for the declinations under consideration, excepting for the one zone of Lalande
already mentioned.
They are taken from Argelander's Positiones Medice and Southern Zones, Struve's Positiones
Medice, and Madler's Fixstern-system II, sls cited by Dr. Forster in his excellent paper in N\
1026 of the Astronomische Nachrichten,
Bessel— Taylor zz: — F.32
Bessel— Twelve- Year zz: — 0^^40
Bessel— Kiimker :==:,_ 0^ 7
Bessel — Piazzi zz: Bessel — Lalande
— _3//.6for^zz + 15^
— 3^3 +20°
— 2^'. 8 +25°
Argelander— Taylor z= + 0^50-0^0256 (o^° + 19°)
Argelander — Piazzi zz: Argelander — Lalande
zz: — F.52 for ^ = — 16°
— 1.23 18°
— 0.84 20°
— 0.25 22°
+ .54 24°
+ 1 .30 26°
+ 1.90 —28°
Lalande's zone of 1796, March 4, contains the stars N^^- 70, 74, 81, 89, 94, 97, 100, 101.
To these has been applied the correction — 2^^3 in order to reduce them to positions correspond-
ing differentially to the places adopted for the fundamental stars in the reduction. Twenty of
these were from Eumker, five from the Twelve- Year Catalogue, and one from Argelander^s Posi-
tiones Medice. The mean by weights of the reductions to Bessel for the totality of these stars
ig^ _0'^60, making the entire correction to Lalande, — 2^^9.
The observations thus corrected may be advantageously combined by allowing to each deter-
mination a weight proportionate to the product of the number of observations by a factor
constant for each authority. This factor should depend not only on the probable error of the
authority, but also, in some measure, upon the time elapsed since the observation— that the
influence of undetected proper motions may not be too prejudicial.
Combining the materials in this way, we may deduce a table of definite places of great pre-
cision, which may be practically treated like careful determinations by one and the same
observer. So important is it, however, in the present discussion, that all the comparison-stars
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COMPAEISON-STARS. CXXi
and all the meridian observations should be really portions of one system referred to the identical
co-ordinate plane^ that the labor of an additional approximation for the better determination of
the personal equations in declination is trivial in comparison with the advantages to accrue
from a more trustworthy determination of the corrections to the scale of the standard observer.
These are, of course, accompanied by a slight increase in the precision of the adopted places of
comparison-stars.
Accordingly^ the places deduced from all those authorities, for which the personal equation
has not been implicitly taken from the books, have been carefully compared with the table
alluded to, in order that the resultant equations, even if not so trustworthy as those deducible
from more extended comparisons and investigations, may at least possess an accuracy in
some degree proportionate to the influence which they must exert upon the resulting value of
the parallax.
It is not to be expected, indeed, that the observations from Bessel and Argelander themselves
would indicate an absolute mean accordance with our final table ; but it is certainly to be
hoped that the positions of that table will be more accordant with the average places of Bessel
and A rgelander than would be the case for the limited number of stars taken from the zones of
these astronomers and here employed.
The discussion of the personal equations soon made it manifest that the results for each planet-
series ought to be separately examined, the corrections being, at least in some cases, very
clearly more different than may fairly be attributable to the mere difference of the declinations.
This was especially evident in the two meridian series at the Cape of Good Hope, but not less
distinctly in the stars from the Greenwich Catalogue for 1850.
Thus, after incorporating the values given by some additional stars which, although not
employed for micrometic comparison, yet required investigation, on account of their import-
ance in determining the corrections of the meridian series at the Cape and at Athens, we
have —
From twenty-three stars observed with the first Mars-series,
Bessel — Greenwich = + F.09 i 0'\995 ;
From eight stars observed with the* second Mars-series,
Bessel — Greenwich = — 0'M4 i 0'^772.
The table of definite places constructed from the materials already cited need not be given
here^ as its employment was only provisional. The results of its comparison with the several
series of declinations afford the corrections to be employed in the new preparation of a table
precisely similar. These corrections afi*ord a legitimate criterion for judging of the accuracy
attained and attainable. For they must, of course, be applied to the series of absolute meridian
determinations of the planet's place, as well as to the star-places derived from the same
authority, before incorporating them with their appropriate weight in the final list of star-
places. Only under such conditions would the combination of the absolute positions obtained
by meridian observation at different observatories be tolerable. And it so happens that neither
for any one of the four observatories which have furnished meridian observations of the planet,
nor for either of the other two on which drafts have been made for recent star-determinations,
is any sufficient determination of the personal equation in declination at hand.
The places of the table are to be considered as representing the general standard of Bessel
for the northern, and Argelander for the southern stars. Their comparison with individual
authorities furnishes the following equations, in which T denotes the tabular declination :
For stars observed with Mars 1 :
T — Greenwich = + 0'\099 i 0'M42 from 29 observ'ns, exclud'g three, (N««-25, 35, 14.)
T — - Bessel = — 0'^287 it 0'^259 from 24 observations, excluding one, (N«- 2.)
T — Maclear = — 0'^591 ± O'MSB from 14 observations.
T — Washington = — 0"M1 ± 0'\096 from 14 observations.
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CXXil COMPARISON-STARS.
For stars observed witli Mars II :
T — Santiago = — 0'M20 db 0'^091 from 41 observations.
T — Bessel = + 0^^471 =h 0''.293 from 32 observations.
T — Maclear =: — l'^325 ± 0^^234 from 13 observations, excluding one, {Pollux.)
T — Greenwich ■==. — 0'^056 dz 0'^206 from 6 observations, excluding one, (N°- 100.)
T — Washington = — 0^^238 i: 0''.054 from 11 observations, excluding one, (N^- 95.)
For stars observed with Venus I :
T _ Washington = + F.696 ± 0^M14 from 38 obs., or excl. 4, (N««- 112, 127, 141, 144,)
— _|_ 1//.727 ± 0''.064.
T — Argelander = + 0'^063 zh 0^^276.
T — Ann Arbor = + 3'^348 ± 0^^261.
For stars observed with Venus II :
T — Bessel = + 0'M36 =t 0^^096.
The large values of the differences for the observations taken from Bessel' s Zones need not be
considered as implying any deviation from Bessel's standard, but are, in every case, traceable
to deviations of particular zones made manifest by comparison with at least two independent
authorities.
This discordance or deviation is especially evident in zone 275, as will be clearly seen on
collation of the equations, which are deduced after the omission of comparisons with the stars of
this zone. Thus, the value of (Santiago — Bessel) which, by the use of all thirty-one differenceSj
was found to be + 0^^565 zb 0^'.380, was reduced, after exclusion of the four differences dependent
on zone 275, to + 0^M41 zb 0'^363. So also the value of (Washington— Bessel) which, if the
places from zone 275 be employed, is ■=. + 0^^44 zb 0''.59, becomes, after rejection of these,
:::::: — 0'^06 zb 0'^53. And of the three series for Mars I, into which these stars enter appreciably^
the equations above given are changed by the omission of this zone to the following :
T — Santiago = — 0".089^=iz 0^^086.
T — Washington = + 0'M76^dz 0^'.056.
T — Bessel = + 0'M63 ± 0'^287.
The correction apparently due to these stars is, if constant, about 3'^, but the observations are
much better satisfied if the correction be supposed to change with the time. Since none of the
places from this zone are absolutely necessary for our purpose, they have been omitted in taking
the final mean, although given in the list for comparison. A somewhat similar case is that of
zone 405^ which has^ hov/ever, been retained.
From examination and combination of these results, the equations have been ultimately
determined which are to be used in connection with the declinations, as furnished by the
observatories under consideration.
They are as follows, and have been uniformly applied to all measured declinations, whether
of star or of planet. The reductions applied to star-places from other sources are employed as
cited on page cxx.
T — Washington = — 0^'.5 for stars observed with Mars I,
rn u
-=.
— 0".2 '' " " '' 31ars II
rp a
\ —
+ 1".7 " " "■ " Venus I.
T — Santiago
— ~"
— 0".l
T — G-reenwich
zzr
T — Maclear
zzz
— 0".6 for stars observed with liars I.
rp a
• :
— 1".3 " " " " Mars II
The declinations from Bessel's Zone 275 are not employed for the mean.
The annexed Final List of places of comparison-stars gives for each star the several authorities ;
the number of observations from each, both in right-ascension and declination, these numbers
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COMPARISON-STARS.
CXXlll
being inclosed in a parenthesis and separated by a dot ; the declinations, taken from the special
lists and reduced by means of the equations just given to the standard of Bessel for northern,
and of Argelander for southern stars ; the mean of the right-ascensions to the nearest second, and
for the declinations the rigorous mean h^ weights ; and lastly, inclosed in brackets, the sum of
the several partial weights for the declinations. The factors for the several authorities, which,
when combined with the number of observations, constitute the partial weights, are :
For Piazzi and Lalande 1
^For Bessel, Taylor, Eiimker, and Lament ... 3
For Struve's and Argelander' s Catalogues... 10
For all other sources 5
FINAL LIST OF STAR-POSITIONS.
Lalande 9531
Piazzi IV, 287
Bessel 396,523
Taylor 1808
Maclear
Greenwich 335
1.1)
(8.9)
(2.1)
(4.4)
(8.8)
(2.1)
[70]
1
h. m. s.
4 56 36.50
36.83
36.70
36.69
36.70
36.56
1850.0.
o / //
-j-26 13 5.8
5,8
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.8
!
Bessel 405
Maclear
Greenwich 401
Washington
(1.1)
0)
(3.4)
(3.12)
[118]
8
h. m, s,
5 29 33.19
32.90
32.91
1849.0.
+ 26 31 29.6
26.9
27.3
27.7
5 29 33
+ 26 31 27.44
4 56 37
+ 26 13 6.03
Lalande 10669
Maclear
Greenwich 406
(1.1)
(7.8)
(7.7)
[76]
9
h. m. s.
5 32 12.11
12.38
12.53
1849.0.
° / //
+ 26 31 49.0
52.1
51.5
Bessel 396
Greenwich 350
Washington
(1.1)
(5.5)
(3.12)
[88]
2
h. m. s.
5 3 4.68
4.64
4.64
1850.0.
o / //
-j-26 16 16.5
19.8
19.3
5 32 12
+ 26 31 51.78
5 3 5
-f-26 16 19.35
Lalande 11108
Maclear
Greenwich 422
(1.1)
(2.5)
(1.1)
[31]
10
h, m. s.
5 44 35.76
35.75
34.81
1849.0.
o / //
+ 26 22 58.8
23 1.5
23 1.5
Bessel 405
Greenwich 361
Washington
(1.1)
(3.3)
(3.10)
[68]
3
h. m. s,
5 10 29.92
29.37
29.37
1850.0.
o / //
-1-26 5 51.3
49.1
48.6
5 44 35
+ 26 23 1.41
5 10 29
-j-26 5 48.82
Bessel 405
Greenwich 426
Washington
(1.1)
(5.5)
(1.10)
[78]
11
h. m. s.
5 46 14.93
14.82
14.96
1849.0.
o / //
+ 26 26 47.9
45.9
46.8
Bessel 523
Greenwich 376
Washington
(l.l)
(4.4)
(2.10)
[73]
4:
h. in. s.
5 17 47.40
47.93
47.91
1850.0.
-j-26 26 51.7
55.4
53.3
5 45 15
+ 26 26 46.55
5 17 48
+ 26 26 53.81
Lalande 11220 (1.1)
Piazzi V, 273 (8.8)
Taylor 2220 (9.4)
Twelve-Year 515 (3.5)
Maclear (2.3)
Greenwich 433 (3.3)
[76]
12
h. m. s.
5 48 37.61
37.45
37.67
37.60
38.09
37.56
1849.0.
+ 25 55 41.5
44.0
44.2
45.7
45.6
46.6
Bessel 405
Greenwich 383
Washington
(1.1)
(2 2)
(2.11)
[68]
5
h. m. s.
5 21 43.09
43.27
43.14
1850.0.
° / //
+ 26 27 49.2
45.9
46,6
5 21 43
+ 26 27 46.61
Bessel 405
(1.1)
[3]
6 .
h. m. s.
5 22 32.26
1849.0.
+ 26 34 5.9
5 48 38
+ 25 55 45.38
Rllmker 1673
Greenwich 438
Washington
(1.1)
(66)
(1.10)
[83]
13
h. m. s.
5 54 3.71
3.94
3.94
1849.0.
1 It
+ 26 16 30.8
30.6
30.1
5 22 32
+ 26 34 5.9
Bessel 405
(1.1)
[3]
7
k. in, s.
5 25 40.14
1849.0.
o / //
+ 26 27 2.6
5 25 40
+ 26 27 2.6
5 54 4
+ 26 16 30.31
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CXXIV
COMPAEISON-STAES.
Final List of Slav- Positions — Continued.
Bessel 405
Rumker 1680
Greenwich 439
Washington
(1.1)
(1.1)
(2.3)
(1.11)
[76]
14:
h. m. s.
5 54 28.72
28.09
28.46
27.73
1849.0.
o / //
-j-26 21 2.1
20 59.6
20 57.9
21 0.6
Bessel 523
(1.1)
[3]
33
fi. m. s.
6 17 58.70
1849.0.
o / //
+ 25 27 23.6
6 17 59
+ 25 27 23.6
Bessel 348
(1.1)
[3]
34
h. m. s.
6 18 45.23
1849 0.
o / //
+ 24 20 31.0
5 54 28
-f 26 21 0.09
Lalande 11684
Bessel 405
Rumker 1737 '
Maclear
Greenwich 451
(11)
(1.1)
(5.5)
(3)
[64]
15
h. m. s.
6 1 30.72
30.64
30.52
30.57
1849.0.
o / //
+ 26 2 14.0
16.4
15.0
17.3
16.1
6 18 45
+ 24 20 31.0
Lalande 12336, 1
Bessel 523
Maclear
Greenwich 479
(2.2)
(1.1)
(3.3)
(1.1)
[25]
35
h. m. s.
6 19 24.16
24.62
24.53
23.83
1849.0.
o / //
+ 25 42 32.2
33.4
33.9
30.6
6 1 31
+ 26 2 16.10
Lalande 11714
Bessel 405
Greenwich 453
(LI)
(1.1)
(6.4)
[24]
16
h. m. s.
6 2 22.10
22.20
22.31
1849.0.
/ //
+ 26 39.3
43.9
41.7
6 19 25
+ 25 42 33.04
Bessel 523
Greenwich 485
(1.1)
(2.2)
[13]
36
h. m. s,
6 21 2.59
2.27
1849.0.
o / //
+ 25 14 26.6
27.0
6 2 22
+ 26 41.88
Lalande 11854
Maclear
Greenwich 457
(1.1)
(1)
(5.5)
[26]
17
h. m. s.
6 6 5.03
5.33
5.22
1849.0.
o / //
+ 25 22 23.9
23.1
6 21 2
+ 25 14 26.91
Lalande 12395
Maclear
G-reenwich 487
(1.1)
(2)
(1.2)
[H]
37
h. m. s.
6 21 9.61
10.51
10.68
1849.0.
o / //
+ 25 46 38.1
40.8
6 6 5
+ 25 22 23.13
Lalande 11946
Rllmker 1783
Maclear
Greenwich 458
(1.1)
(1.1)
(2)
(4.4)
[24]
18
h. m. s.
6 7 35.06
35.27
35.07
35.12
18490.
/ //
+ 25 32 18.3
15.8
22.8
6 21 11
+ 25 46 40.55
Bessel 523
Greenwich 488
(1.1)
(2.2)
[13]
38
h. m, s.
6 21 36.16
36.24
1849.0.
o / //
+ 25 31 15.4
16.5
6 7 35
+ 25 32 21.74
Lalande 11976,
Greenwich 459
3 (2.2)
(2.2)
[12]
19
h. m. s.
6 9 25.10
26.16
1849.0.
/ //
+ 25 35 3.2
2.6
6 21 36
+ 25 31 16.25
Greenwich
(1.1)
[5]
39
h. m. s.
6 25 26.67
1849.0.
o / //
+ 26 33 51.6
6 9 26
+ 25 35 2.70
Bessel 405
Greenwich 467
(1.1)
(4.3)
[18]
30
h. m. s.
6 11 31.75
31.81
1849 0.
o / //
+ 25 45 49.0
45.7
6 25 27 .
+ 26 33 51.6
Lalande 12554
Bessel 405
Greenwich 490
(1.1)
(1.1)
(1.1)
[9]
30
h. m. s.
6 25 44.14
44.74
44.27
1849.0.
o / //
+ 25 1 57.8
59.2
56.0
6 11 32
+ 25 45 46.25
Lalande 12197, 9 (2.2)
Bessel 405 (1.1)
Taylor 2456 (6.6)
Maclear (4.5)
Greenwich 470 (2.2)
[58]
31
h. m. s.
6 15 25.35
25.82
25.64
25.62
25.65
1849.0.
/ //
+ 25 7 16.7
20.8
19.9
20.0
20.9
6 25 44
+ 25 1 57.27
Lalande 12557
Greenwich 491
(1.1)
(1.1)
[6]
31
h. m. s.
6 25 47.09
46.64
1849.0.
o / //
+ 24 44 45.4
44.4
6 15 26
+ 25 7 20.05
6 25 47
+ 24 44 44.57
Lalande 32237
Bessel 405
Greenwich 473
(1.1)
(1.1)
(4.2)
M
33
h. m. s.
6 16 47.33
46.93
46.90
1849.0.
o / //
+ 25 35 28.4
25.8
24.2
Bessel 348
Greenwich 495
(1.1)
(1.1)
[8]
33
h. m. s,
6 27 21.07
21.09
1849.0.
/ //
+ 24 32 48.7
49.3
6 16 47 •
+ 25-35 24 ..84.
6 27 21
+ 24 32 49.08
Hosted by
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COMPARISON- STARS.
Final List of Star-Positions — Continued.
cxxv
Bessel 348 (1.1)
Greenwich 496 (1.1)
[8]
33
h. m. s.
6 27 52.80
52.67
1849.0.
° / //
-f24 31 4.5
4.9
Lalande 15125
(1.1)
[1]
44
h. m. s.
7 38 57.81
1852.0.
o / //
+ 15 53 0.6
7 38 58
+ 15 53 0.6
6 27 53
+ 24 31 4.75
Lalande 15221
Bessel 339
(LI)
(1.1)
[4]
45
h. m. s.
7 41 51.39
51.67
1852.0.
/ //
+ 24 9 13.3
12.5
Lalande 12666 (1.1)
Bessel 348, 405 (2.2)
34:
h. m. s.
6 28 45.41
46.37
1849.0.
o / //
+ 24 57 28.6
23.7
7 41 52
+ 24 9 12.70
6 28 46
+ 24 57 24.40
Lalande 15338
(1.1)
[1]
46
h. m. s.
7 44 52.83
1852.0.
/ //
+ 15 58 40.4
Lalande 12880 (1.1)
Taylor 2632 (17.45)
Rumker 1979 (16.13)
Twelve-Year 587 (22.19)
Maclear (3.3)
Greenwich 505 (8.7)
[320)
35
h. m. s.
6 34 38.43
38.46
38.31
38.40
38.42
38.37
1849.0.
° / //
+ 25 16 25.7
29.0
30.3
30.1
28.2
32.0
7 44.53
+ 15 58 40.4
Lalande 15401
Santiago
(LI)
(3.3)
[16]
47
h. m. s.
7 46 36.34
36.58
1852.0.
° / //
+ 24 44.48.1
50.9
6 34 38
+ 25 16 29.76
7 46 36
+ 24 44 50.72
Bessel 276 (1.1)
[3]
36
h. m. s.
7 26 52.19
1852.0.
o / //
+ 15 15 1.4
Lalande 15412
Santiago
(1.1)
(3.3)
[16]
48
h, m. s.
7 46 52.98
57.25
1852.0.
+ 24 36 41.7
49.0
7 26 52
+ 15 15 1.4
7 46 57
+ 24 36 48.54
Bessel 273, 276 (2.2)
[6J
3T
h. m. s.
7 29 28.30
1852.0.
o / //
+ 15 24 42.2
Bessel 341 (1.1)
Struve Cat. Gen. (4.4)
Santiago (3.3)
[58]
49
h. m. s.
7 47 5.64
5.74
5.71
1852.0.
° / //
+ 25 3 0.0
2.7
3.2
7 29 28
+ 15 24 42.2
Bessel 146 (1.1)
[3]
38
h. m. s.
7 29 28.97
1852.0.
o //
+ 14 40 6.9
7 47 6
+ 25 3 2.69
Bessel 339
(1.1)
[3]
50
h. m. s.
7 47 14.74
1852.0.
o / //
+ 24 37.9
7 29 29
+ 14 40 6.9
Bessel 273 (1.1)
[3]
39
h. m. s.
7 30 38.00
1852.0.
/ //
+ 14 53 36.6
7 47 15
+ 24 37.9
Lalande 15468
Taylor 3306
Rlimker 2335
Twelve- Year 7
Wrottesley
(1.1)
(5.7)
(3.2)
09 (6.5)
(5)
[53]
51
h. m. s.
7 48 35.29
35.19
35.08
35.04
35.00
1852.0.
/ //
+ 16 10 56.8
52.3
53.8
52.4
7 30 38
+ 14 53 36.6
Bessel 273 (1.1)
[3J
40
h. m. s,
7 30 58,15
1852.0.
/ //
+ 14 47 39.1
7 48 35
+ 16 10 52.60
7 30 58
+ 14 47 39.1
Bessel 339,341
Santiago
(2.2)
(5.5)
[31]
53
h, m. s.
7 48 38.35
38.31
1852.0.
/ //
+ 24 54 9.2
11.7
Bessel 273, 276 (2.2)
[6]
41
h. m. s.
7 32 44.34
1852.0.
° / //
+ 15 40 22.0
7 32 44
+ 15 40 22.0
7 48 38
+ 24 54 11.22
Lalande 14961 (1.1)
Bessel 62, 146 (2.2)
[7]
43
h. m. s.
7 33 42.26
42.38
1852.0.
o / //
+ 14 33 0.2
0.9
Lalande 15548
(1.1)
[1]
53
h. m. s.
7 50 53.27
1852.0.
o / //
+ 23 34 50.1
7 50 53
+ 23 34 50.1
7 33 42
+ 14 33 0.80
Bessel 339
Santiago
(1.1)
(3.3)
[18]
54
h. m, s,
7 50 59.17
59.58
1852.0.
/ //
+ 24 28 27.8
27.0
Bessel 273 (1.1)
43
h. m. s.
7 33 49.55
1852.0.
+ 15 49 51.1
7 33 50
+ 15 49 51.1
7 50 59
+ 24 28 27.
Hosted by
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CXXVl
COMPARISON-STARS.
Final List of Star-Positions — Continued.
Lalande 15608
Bessel 339
Santiago
(1.1)
ri.i)
(3.3)
[19]
55
h. TO. s.
7 52 38.26
38.37
38.37
1852.0.
o / //
4-24 18 57.3
59.0
58.7
Lalande 16288, 90, 91 (3.3)
Piazzi VIII, 41 (12.8)
Bessel 344 (1.1)
Taylor 3519 (6.5)
RUmker 2476 (3.3)
Twelve-Year 745 (12.17)
Santiago (32.33)
Greenwich 608 (7.7)
Maclear (1.8)
[413]
64r
h. TO. S.
8 11 42.78
43.68
43.39
43.85
43.66
43.68
43.69
43.82
1852.0.
o 1 II
4- 24 29 0.2
2.7
1.4
5.4
2.0
3.1
2.7
3.7
4 4
7 52 38
4-24 18 58.67
Bessel 273
RUmker
(1.1)
(1.1)
[6]
56
h. m. s.
7 53 31.44
31.56
1852.0.
o / //
4- 15 58 1.3
1.4
8 11 44
4- 24 29 3.29
7 53 31
4- 15 58 ] .35
Bessel 273
(1.1)
[3]
65
h. TO. s.
8 11 51.45
8 11 51
1852.0.
° / //
4- 15 55 48.5
-f i5 55 48.5
Bessel 341
Santiago
(1.1)
(15.15)
[78]
5T
h. m. s.
7 55 2.91
3.29
1852.0.
o 1 II
4-25 23.2
20.8
Santiago
Washington
(2.2)
(2)
[20]
66
h. in, s.
8 13 9.72
1852.0.
o / //
4-24 29 21.3
23.7
7 55 3
4-25 20.89
Lalande 1.5707
Bessel 339, 341
Greenwich 589
Santiago
Maclear
(1.1)
(2.2)
(3.3)
(6.6)
(3)
[67]
58
1
h. m, s.
7 55 15.43
15.60
15.48
15.59
1852.0.
/ //
4-24 55 6.9
9,0
10.8
10.2
10.1
8 13 10
4- 24 29 22.50
Bessel 273
(1.1)
[3]
67
h. TO. s.
8 14 58.99
1852.0.
/ //
4- 15 44 33.5
8 14 59 .
4- 15 44 33.5
7 55 15
4-24 55 10.16
Lalande 16477
Begsel 344
Santiago
Washington
(1.1)
(1.1)
(3.8)
(2)
[29]
6S
h. TO. s.
8 16 5.82
8.46
8.37
1852.0.
/ //
4- 24 25 7.7
1.7
5.9
5.3
Bessel 278,279
(2.2)
[6]
59
h. m. s.
7 59 15.42
7 59 15
1852.0.
o / //
4-22 50 45.4
4-22 50 45.4
8 16 8
4-24 25 5.32
Bessel 341
Santiago
(1.1)
(3.3)
[18]
60
h. m. s.
7 59 24.42
24.13
1852.0.
° / //
4-24 52 39.4
42 3
Lalande 16464
Bessel 344
Santiago
Washington
(1.1)
(1.1)
(2.2)
(1)
[19]
69
h. m. s.
8 16 35.74
35.65
35.76
1852.0.
o / //
4-24 1 30.3
32.7
31.9
32.1
7 59 24
4-24 52 41.83
Lalande 16068
(1.1)
[1]
61
h. TO. s.
8 5 27.00
1852.0.
4-16 4 20.7
8 16 38
4-24 1 31.99
Lalande 16582
Bessel 278
(1.1)
(1.1)
[4]
70
h. TO. s,
8 19 29.34
29.49
1852.0.
4-21 38 19.6
14.7
8 5 27
4-16 4 20.7
Bessel 341
Santiago
(l.l)
(6.6)
[33]
6i
h. m. s,
8 6 15.64
16.01
1852.0.
/ //
4-24 47 1.2
0.1
8 19 26
4-21 38 15.92
Santiago
(4.4)
[20]
71
h. m. s.
8 19 47.03
1852.0.
4- 24 9 40.5
8 6 16
4-24 47 0.20
Lalande 16236
Bessel 278
(1.1)
(1.1)
[4]
63
h. TO. s.
8 10 14.53
14.30
1852.0.
o / //
4-21 57 0.6
57 3.8
8 19 47
4- 24 9 40.5
Santiago
(3.3)
[15]
73
h. TO. s.
8 19 49.74
1852.0.
4-24 19 43.1
8 10 14
4-21 57 3.00
8 19 50
4-24 19 43.1
Hosted by
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COMPARISON-STARS.
Final List of Star-Positions — Continued.
CXXVll
73
Santiago (2.2)
[10]
1852.0.
h, m. s. o / //
8 20 54.98 4-24 5 30.9
8 20 55 -f 24 5 30.9
Lalande 166 (1.1)
[1]
'J'* 1852.0.
h. m. s. o / /,
8 21 43.73 +21 20 54.3
8 21 44 -j-21 20 54.3
Bessel 273 (1.1)
RUmker A. N. VIII, 13 (1.1)
[6]
75 1852.0.
h. m. s. o I II
8 24 24.81 4- 15 46 19.4
24.81 20.9
i 25 +15 46 20.15
76
Bessel 273 (1.1)
[3]
1852.0.
h. m. s. o / //
8 26 58.52 + 16 14 7.8
8 26 59 + 16 14 7.8
Santiago
(3.3)
77 1852.0.
h. m. s. o / //
8 27 31.61 +23 58 5.5
[15]
8 27 32 +23 58 5.5
Santiago
78 1852.0.
h. m. s. ' I n
8 28 2.93 +23 34 17.2
(3.3)
[15]
1 28 3 +23 34 17.2
Bessel 344 (1.1)
Santiago (3.3)
Washington (1)
[23]
79 1852.0.
k. m. s. o / //
8 28 14.72 +23 45 40.6
14.64 37.9
36.6
8 28 15 +23 45 37.97
Santiago (3.3)
Washington (1)
[20]
80 1852.0.
k. m, s. Of //
8 30 11.69 +23 24 21.1
22.5
8 30 12 +23 24 21.45
Lalande 17013 (1.1)
Piazzi VIII, 121 (4.4)
RiimkerA N. VIII, 19 (1.1)
[8]
81 1852.0.
h. m. s. o / //
8 31 11.55 +20 36 11.6
11.09 12.8
11.49 11.7
8 31 11 + 20 36 12.24
Santiago
83 h.
1852.0.
(3.3)
[15]
8 31 40.84 +23 16 11.8
8 31 41 + 23 16 11~
Bessel 274 (1.1)
RUmker 2613 (1.1)
Hamburg A. N. 1016 (3.3)
[21]
83 1852.0.
h. m. s. o / /
8 32 25.23 + 18 46 12.9
25.02 15.3
25.51 14.8
8 32 25 + 18 46 14.60
Bessel 274
[3]
1,1)
84
h. m. s.
8 32 35.87
1852.0.
o / //
+ 19 43.0
8 32 36
+ 19 43.0
Bessel 278,
Santiago
Washingto
344
n
[26.
(2.2)
(2.2)
(2)
85
h. m. s.
8 35 6.84
6.61
1852.0.
1 II
+ 23 14 31.6
31.3
32.0
8 35 7
+ 23 14 31.64
Bessel 274
[3]
(1.1)
8
h. m. s.
8 39 24.80
1852.0.
+ 18 35 42.7
8 39 25
+ 18 35 42.7
Bessel 344
Santiago
•
[13]
(1.1)
(2.2)
87
h. m. s.
8 40 18.10
17.65
1852.0.
+ 22 44 41.3
42.3
8 40 18
+ 22 44 42.07
Bessel 278
Santiago
i
[23]
(1.1)
(4.4)
88
h. m. s.
8 44 14.84
15.23
1852.0.
° / //
+ 22 33 34.7
33.6
8 44 15
+ 22 33 33.74
Lalande 17^
Bessel 278,
Greenwich
Santiago
)13
345
340
[52]
(1.1)
(2.2)
(6.6)
(3.3)
89
h. m. s.
8 45 28.00
28.02
27.95
27.91
1852.0.
o / ,/
+ 22 51 38.5
38.0
37.6
38.7
8 45 28
+ 22 51 37.98
90
h. m. s.
1852.0.
° 1 II
Bessel 278 (1.1)
Santiago (3.3)
Washington (2)
[28]
Bessel 278 (1.1)
Santiago (4.4)
Washington (1)
Konigsberg A. N. 294 (13.13)
Dorpat A. N. 303 (6.5)
[95]
8 45 57.84 +22 22 45.2
58.07 44.3
45.7
i 45 58 +22 22 44.90
^1 1852.0.
h. m, s. o I II
8 47 28.12 +22 15 15.0
26.09 15.3
16.1
26.04 16.9
26.06 (20.5)
8 47 26 +22 15 16.45
Bessel 278 (1.1)
Santiago (3.3)
Dorpat A. N. 303 (2.2)
[28]
1852.0.
h. m. s. o ; //
8 47 32.84 + 22 8 46.3
32.71 46.8
32.41 47.7
8 47 33 +22 8 47.07
Bessel 278 (l.l)
Twelve-Year 789 (5.6)
Greenwich 645 (4 4)
Santiago (2.2)
[63]
93 1852.0.
h. m. s. o / //
8 48 54.49 + 21 54 57.4
54.40 57.3
54.48 58.2
54.43 58.7
8 48 54 +2154 57.81
Hosted by
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CXXVlll
COMPARISON-STARS.
Final List of Star-Positions — Continued.
Lalande 17690 (1.1)
Bessel 278 (1.1)
Twelve-Year 795 (5.6)
Santiago (6.6)
Washington (1)
[69]
94
h. m. s.
8 50 25.94
25.60
25.52
25.60
1852.0.
o 1 II
-f- 21 44 17.9
15.4
13.7
12.8
13.8
Bessel 275
Santiago
(1.1)
(2.2)
[10]
103
h, m. s.
9 7 22.07
22.38
1851.0.
o / //
+ 19 51(42.8)
45.7
9 7 22
+ 19 51 45.7
RUmker 2799
Santiago
(1.1)
(2.2)
[13]
104r
h. m. s.
9 7 36.85
37.01
1851.0.
o / //
+ 20 41 22.1
24.2
8 50 26
4-21 44 13.45
Bessel 278 (1.1)
Santiago (3.3)
Washington (1)
[23]
95
h. m. s.
8 52 12.29
13.18
1852.0.
/ //
+ 22 2 30.6
29.7
27.1
9 7 37
+ 20 41 23.72
RUmker 2800
Santiago
(1.1)
(3.3)
[18]
105
h. m. s.
9 7 39.29
39.52
1851.0.
o / //
+ ^0 28 1.5
27 59.6
8 52 13
-j- 22 2 29.25
Bessel 278 (1.1)
Santiago (3.3)
Washington (2)
[28]
96
h. m. s.
8 53 47.48
.47.20
. . . .♦
1852.0.
o / //
+ 21 34 9.5
8.1
8.9
9 7 39
+ 20 27 59.92
Bessel 275
Santiago
(1.1)
(2.2)
[10]
106
h. m. s.
9 8 10.57
10.96
1851.0.
/ //
+ 19 52(22.3)
26.2
8 53 47
+ 21 34 8.54
Lalande 17937 (1.1)
Bessel (275), 278 (2.1)
Santiago (5.5)
Washington (2)
[36]
97
h. m. s.
8 58 16.44
16.32
16.46
1852.0.
o / //
+ 21 6 21.5
(24.4)
22.7
23 4
9 8 11
+ 19 52 26.2
Santiago
Washington
(4.4)
(1)
[25]
107
h. m. s.
9 8 11.21
1851.0.
o / //
+ 20 15 48.4
49.6
8 58 16
+ 21 6 22.86
9 8 11
+ 20 15 48.64
Bessel 278 (1.1)
Santiago (3.3)
Washington (2)
[28]
98
h. m. s.
8 59 27.25
27.31
1852.0.
o / //
+ 21 29 20.6
20.7
23.4
Bessel 275
Santiago
Washington
(1.1)
(3.3)
(2)
[25]
108
h. m. s.
9 10 18.62
18.37
1851.0.
o / //
+ 20 2(35.1)
39.2
40.5
8 59 27
+ 21 29 21.65
9 10 18
+ 20 2 39.72
Bessel 277,278 (2.2)
Santiago (2.2)
[16]
99
h. m. s.
9 3 20.29
20.26
1852.0.
/ //
+ 20 57 20.4
22.0
Piazzi IX, 50
Taylor 4088
RUmker 2830
Santiago
Washington
(5.5)
(4.4)
(3.3)
(2.2)
(1)
[41]
109
h. m. s.
9 12 14.18
14.61
14.30
14.29
1851.0.
/ //
+ 19 43 3.4
5.2
3.6
4.9
6.8
9 3 20
+ 20 57 21.40
Lalande 18105 (1.1)
Bessel (275), 277, 278 (3.2)
Greenwich 659 (3.3)
Santiago (2.2)
[32]
100
h. m. s.
9 3 19.34
19.67
19.49
19.79
1852.0.
o / //
+ 21 148.8
(45.6)
48.4
44.9
9 12 14
+ 19 43 4.75
Lalande 30556
Washington
(1.1)
(7)
[36]
110
h. m. s.
16 40 55.21
1850.0.
o / //
— 26 28 28.8
27.9
9 3 20
+ 21 146.79
Lalande 18132 (1 .1)
Bessel 278 (1.1)
Twelve-Year 809 (5.6)
Greenwich 661 (5.5)
Santiago (3.3)
Maclear (1.1)
[79]
101
h. m. s.
9 4 16.61
16.49
16.47
16.43
16.55
1852.0.
/ //
+ 21 16 57.5
53.3
52.2
51.1
51.3
51.7
16 40 55
— 26 28 27.92
Argelander
Washington
(1,1)
(4)
[25]
111
h. m. s.
16 42 56.13
1850.0.
o / //
— 26 39 29.5
30.9
16 42 56
— 26 39 30.62
9 4 16
+ 21 16 51.76
Argelandci
Washington
Ann Arbor
(3.3)
(3)
(1)
[35]
113
h. m. s.
16 49 11.81
15
1850.0.
o / //
— 21 52 19.3
22.1
21.0
Bessel 275 (1-1)
Santiago (3.3)
Washington (1)
[20]
103
h. m. s.
9 4 23.04
23.45
1851.0.
/ //
+ 20 37(50.2)
52.7
53.7
9 4 23
+ 20 37 52.95
16 49 12
— 26 52 20.74
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COMPARISON-STAES.
Final List of Star- Positions — Continued.
CXXIX
Argelander (3.3)
Washington (3)
Ann Arbor (1)
[35]
113 1850.0.
h. in. s. o I II
16 50 4.99 —26 56 35.3
35.7
8 33.5
16 50 5
-26 56 35.21
Lalande 30874
Argelander
Washington
(1.1)
(1.1)
(4)
[26]
1850.0.
h. in, s. o / //
16 51 59.6 —27 1 12.1
59.11 17.2
18.1
16 51 .
-27 1 17.70
Argelander (3.3)
Washington (4)
[35]
115 1850.0.
h. m. s. ° I n
16 54 41.98 —26 59 41.4
41.4
16 54 42
-26 59.41.4
Argelaader (1.1)
Washington (4)
[25]
116 1850.0.
h. m. s. o I II
16 59 44.18 —27 1148.4
47.0
16 59 44
-27 11 47.28
Argelander (3.3)
Washington (4)
[35]
11*2' 1850.0.
h. m, s. o / //
17 7 7.73 —27 23 9.6
8.1
17 7
-27 23 8.74
PiazziXVII, 43 (14.15)
Taylor 8004 (4.3)
Argelander (1.1)
Twelve-Year 1467 (5.4)
Washington (4)
[69]
1851.0.
h. m. s. oil,
17 1113.18 —17 35 42.3
13.34 41.5
13.39 40.9
13.03 44.6
42.3
17 11 13 _ 17 35 42/76"
Washington
Ann Arbor
(5)
(1)
17 12 50 —27 50 53.0
54 52.5
[30]
17 12 50 —27 50 52.92
1^0 1850.0.
h. m. s. o / I,
Argelander (2.2) 17 13 22.27 -27 31 24.2
Washington (4) 24 g
Ann Arbor (1) 25 24.9
[35]
17 13 22 —27 31 24.64
Washington
Ann Arbor
(1)
(1)
1850.0.
h. m. s. o / //
17 13 51 —27 49 2.2
54 3.1
1 10]
17 13 51
-27 49 2.65
Lalande 31543 (1.1)
PiazziXVII, 63 (13.8)
Washington (4)
Ann Arbor (1)
[34]
133 1851.0.
A. m. s. o I II
17 13 55.45 —17 33 7.5
55.18 9.8
17 13 55
■17 33 8.88
Lalande 31791, 2 (2.2)
Argelander (2.2)
[12]
133 1851.0.
h. m. s. o / //
17 21 17.78 —17 41 14.0
17.73 12.1
17 21 18
•17 41 12.42
134:
Lalande 31931, 2 (2.2)
Washington (5)
[27]
1851.0.
h. m. s. o , II
17 25 18.17 — 17 43 34.9
32.5
17 25 18
- 17 43 32.68
Lamont (2.1)
Washington (4)
Ann Arbor (1)
[28]
1850.0.
h. m. s. Of II
17 28 45.40 —27 56 58.5
57.3
48 57.0
-27 56 57.38
Argelander (1.1)
Washington (3)
[20]
1851.0.
h. m, s. o f II
17 32 1.30 —17 59 52.4
52.0
17 32 1 —17 59 52.10
127
Lalande 32426 (1.1)
PlazziXVII, 221 (8.9)
Taylor 8219
Argelander
Washington
(3.3)
(2.2)
(6)
h. m. s.
17 38 44.31
44.23
44.37
44.48
1851.0.
° I n
-18 2 47.2
44.1
44.6
45.2
42.2
[59]
17 38 44 — 18 2 43.45
Washington (4)
Ann Arbor (1)
[
138 • 1850.0.
h. m. s,
17 43 52
56
/ //
54.6
54.0
17 43 52 —28 54.48
Lalande 32706 (1.1)
Argelander (2.2)
Washington (4)
[31]
139 1851.0.
h. m. s. o / //
17 46 22.86 —18 15 24.1
22.57 29.1
27.8
17 46 23
-18 15 28.10
1850.0.
Lalande 32727
Washington
(1.1)
(4)
[21]
h. m. s.
17 47 13.77
1 II
— 28 2 3.7
5.5
17 47 14
— 28 2 5.41
Washington
(4)
[20]
131
h. m. s.
17 52 24
1850.0.
o / //
— 27 51 58.2
17 53 24
— 27 51 58.2
Lalande 32974
Lamont
Washington
Ann Arbor
(1.1)
(1)
(4)
(1)
[26]
133
h, m. s.
17 53 27.86
27.48
30
1850.0.
° 1 II
— 27 49 10.4
10.4
11.3
17 53 28
— 27 49 10.57
SO
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cxxx
COMPARISON-STARS.
Final List of Star- Positions — Continued.
Argelander
Washington
(1.1)
(4)
[25]
133
li. 7)1. S.
17 55 54.16
1850.0,
o / //
— 27 50 11.9
8.8
Lalande 33598 (1.1)
Mtona, .^i^r. 149 (2.1)
Argelander (4.4)
Washington C3)
[36]
14^1
h. m. s.
18 9 5.85
5.54
5.49
1851.0.
— 18 50 47.3
(53.2)
49.6
47.4
17 55 54
— 27 50 9.42
18 9 5
— 18 50 48.62
Washington
Ann Arbor
(4)
(1)
[25]
134:
h. m, s.
17 59 6
2
1850.0.
o / //
— 27 39 25.4
25.6
Washington
(3)
[15]
14:3
h. m. s.
18 9 30
1850.0.
o / //
— 25 59 9.6
18 9 30
— 25 59 9.6
17 59 6
— 27 39 25.44
Lamont
Wrottesley
Wasiiington
Ann Arbor
(4.1)
(5)
(3)
(1)
[23]
14^3
h. tn. s.
18 11 53.64
53.36
53
1850.0.
° 1 II
— 26 8 43.2
42.4
43.9
Lalande 33214
Argelander
Washington
(1.1)
(1.1)
(4)
[25]
135
h. m. s.
17 59 50.16
50.52
1850.0.
o / //
— 27 44(53.7)
45 1.7
1.5
18 11 53
— 26 8 42.83
1/ 59 50
— 27 45 1.54
Lalande 33748 (1.1)
Altona.SiV^., 149 (3.2)
Lamont (2.1)
Washington (3)
[29]
14:4:
h. m. s.
18 12 37.55
37.16
36.76
1851.0.
/ //
— 18 55 14.7
19.0
18.4
14.1
Lalande 33394
Argelander
Washington
(1.1)
(3.3)
(4)
[36]
136
h. TO. s.
18 4 7.34
7.37
1850.0.
o 1 II
— 25 10 43,6
54.0
53.0
18 12 37
— 18 55 16.26
18 4 7
— 25 10 53.16
Piazzi XVIII, 41 (4.4)
Taylor 8458 (3.4)
Washington (4)
[36]
14^5
h. ?n. s.
18 13 0.66
0.98
1850.0.
o / //
— 26 28 46.4
49.8
48.7
Lalande 33427,
Lamont
Washington
8 (2.2)
(4)
[22]
13T
h. m. s.
18 4 45.71
45.94
1850.0.
/ //
— 27 32 5.3
8.9
18 13 1
— 26 28 48.81
18 4 46
— 27 32 8.57
Lalande 33855
Argelander
Washington
(1.1)
(1.1)
(5)
[31]
146
h. m. s.
18 15 19.59
19.17
1850.0.
o / //
— 26 33 49.9
51.2
54.1
Argelander
Washington
(2.2)
(3)
[25]
138
h, m. s.
18 6 40.46
1850.0.
o / //
— 25 45 4.0
6.5
18 15 19
— 26 33 53.50
18 6 40
— 25 45 5.50
Lalande 33989
Lamont
Argelander
Wrottesley
Washington
(1.1)
(4.2)
(1.1)
(5)
(6)
[42]
14:9^
h. m. s.
18 18 22.92
22.75
22.86
22.50
1850.0.
o / //
— 26 42 58.8
43 0.0
42 58.8
43 1.0
Washington
Ann Arbor
(3)
(1)
[20]
139
h. TO. S.
18 7
1
1850.0.
o / //
— 27 27 19.0
20.9
18 7 1
— 27 27 19.48
18 18 23
— 26 43 0.54
Piazzi XVin,
Taylor 8533
Argelander
Washington
95 (14.10)
(3.4)
(3.3)
(4)
[57]
14:8
h. TO. s,
18 23 42.99
43.16
42.99
1851.0.
o / //
— 19 4 24.2
24.1
24.0
23.8
Piazzi XVIII,
Taylor 8347
Washington
24 (44.31)
(5.4)
(4)
[63]
140
h. m. s.
18 8 39.86
40.00
1850.0.
o / //
— 27 5 25.2
28.2
26.8
18 8 40
— 27 5 26.28
18 23 43
— 19 4 23.99
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COMPAKISON-STARS.
CXXXl
A few of these stars exhibit indications of a proper motion, which, although hardly marked
enough to warrant the adoption of any theory upon the subject, yet render it proper to intro-
duce into the ultimate determination from the data at command a term dependent upon the
time. This has been done for four stars, viz: N^^- 12, 94, 101, and 1 i9 ; and the redetermi-
nation of these upon the hypothesis of a proper motion gives the following results. The second
column shows the place as given by the observer, after reduction to the mean equinox of the
epoch; and the third contains this observed place as reduced to the scale of the standard
observer. The remaining two give the assumed place and the residual discordance, upon the
supposition of a proper motion :
Lalande
Piazzi .
Taylor . .
Twelve- Year
Maclear
Greenwieii .
12.
Observed.
-f25 55 44.3
46.8
45.5
46.1
46.2
46.6
Reduced.
41.5
44.0
44.2
45.7
45.6
46.6
Computed,
42.6
43.2
45.1
45.5
45.9
46.1
C— O.
+1.1
-0.8
+0.9
—0.2
+0.3
—0.5
The mean by weights is +25° 55' 45'/.38 ; but the assumption of a
proper motion of +0//.055 gives +25° 55' 45'/. 84, which has been
adopted.
Lalande
Bessel . .
Twelve- Year
Maclear
Greenwich ,
101.
Observed.
+21 16 60.4
53.3
52.7
53.0
51.3
51.1
Reduced. Computed.
57.5
53.3
52.2
51.7
51.3
51.1
56.9
53.7
52.5
51.2
51.2
51.2
C-O.
—0.6
+0.4
+0.3
-0.5
—0.1
+0.1
The mean by weights is +21° 16' 51". 76; but the assumption of- a
proper motion of — 0//.092 gives +21° 16' 51". 22, which has been
adopted.
Lalande
Bessel . .
Twelve- Year
Santiago
Washington
94.
Observed.
+21 44 20.8
15.4
14.1
12.8
14.0
Reduced. iComputed,
17.9
15.4
13.7
12.8
13.8
18.1
15.3
14.3
13.1
12.8
+0.2
—0.1
+0.6
+0.3
— LO
The mean by weights is +21° AV 13". 45; but the assumption of a
proper motion of — 0".080 gives +21° 44' 13". 14, which has been
adopted.
Piazzi . .
Taylor . .
Riimker
Santiago
Washington
109.
Observed. Reduced. Computed C— O
+19 43 6.7
6.5
4.3
5.0
7.0
3.4
5.2
3.6
4.9
3.1
4.8
4.8
5.5
5.7
—0.3
-0.4
+1.2
+0.6
—1.1
The mean by weights is +19° 43' 4". 75; but the assumption of a
proper motion of +0".037 gives +19° 43' 5". 50, which has been
adopted.
Fourteen of our 148 stars are to be found in the Catalogue of the British Association, viz :
No.
No. B.A.C.
No.
No. B.A.C.
No.
NO. B.A.C.
1
1562
64
2729
140
6194
12
1896
109
3181
143
6214
21
205$
118
6839
147
6261
35
2194
125
5946
148
6301
61
2639
130
6063
To eight of these stars a proper motion is assigned in the British Association Catalogue. It
seems probable, however, only for two of these eight, and has in each case the contrary sign
to those deduced above. For N^- 12, it is given as certainly not existing.
The discrepance is generally great, amounting in one case to 2'- in right-ascension, and
20'^7 in declination. The average of the discordances in declination is 5.^^58, and the square
root of the mean of the squares is 8. '"I.
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CXXXll
COMPARISON-STARS.
If we include in this examination tliose stars hereafter cited, which were observed with 3Iar8
on the meridian, although not strictly comparison-stars, we find that all but one of these
eighteen are also in ^he Catalogue of the British Association. The catalogue places of these
thirty-one stars are here annexed.
Comparison- Stars from British Association Catalogue.
Mean place for beginning of year.
Mean place for beginning of year.
N".
N°.B.A.C.
Mag,
Year.
N°.
N°.B.A.C.
Mag.
Year.
' ■
a.
d.
a.
d.
h. m. s.
/ //
h. m. s.
o / //
1
1562
7
1850
4 56 36.56
4-26 13 12.1
64
2789
6
1852
8 11 43.71
4-24 29 4.1
a
1648
H
1850
5 11 34.46
27 47 58.4
m
2818
7
1852
8 17 51.24
25 54.8
b
1681
2
1850
5 16 48.79
28 28 32.6
n
2833
6i
1852
8 19 49.89
24 37 55.1
c
1707
7
1850
5 20 2.62
25 1 20.7
2850
6
1852
8 22 45.07
24 34 31.8
d
1754
7
1850
5 27 47.03
26 49 34.4
P
2864
7
1852
8 24 14.72
24 35 2.6
e
1778
6
1849
5 30 22.91
25 48 22.9
<!
2937
^
1852
8 34 42.94
21 59 52.6
12
1896
5i
1849
5 48 37.63
25 55 46.9
r
3017
^
1852
8 45 27.01
20 31 24.1
f
1937
7
1850
5 54 56.05
25 26 36.0
109
3181
^
1851
9 12 14.52
4-19 43 1.8
g
1981
6
1949
6 2 16.64
24 26 50.8
118
5839
6i
1851
17 11 13.11
—17 35 42.5
21
2058
7
1849
6 15 25.51
25 7 16.5
125
5946
7
1850
17 28 47.02
27 57 18.1
35
2194
3
1849
6 34 38.46
25 16 30.2
130
6063
6i
1850
17 47 14.76
28 2 13.6
A
2555
2
1852
7 36 15.34
28 22 45.1
140
6194
5^
1850
18 8 39.99
27 5 29.8
i
2578
7
1852
7 39 42.35
23 30 14.8
143
6214
7
1850
18 11 54.29
26 8 28.0
k
2613
H
1852
7 44 13.53
22 42 45.5
147
6261
7
1850
18 18 22.77
26 42 50.5
51
I
2639
2703
6
7
1852
1852
7 48 35.12
7 57 49.33
16 10 57.4
4-22 52 39.9
148
6301
7
1851
18 23 42.96
—19 4 24.2
Comparing these thirty-one declinations with the values here determined, and assuming the
latter to be correct, we find —
The average discordance, d = 4'^06,
The mean error, e =z: zb 6^M5 ;
or, excluding those stars whose places depend upon Lacaille,
e = ± 3^\50.
Lacaille's positions have not been employed, inasmuch as, after careful examination, they
seemed unlikely to add to the precision of the results.
The following General Catalogue of Comparison-Stars presents the adopted mean places for
the beginning of the year of observation, together with the annual precessions and the constants
for reduction to apparent places.
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GENERAL CATALOGUE
OF
COMPARISON STARS.
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CXXXIV
COMPARISON-STARS.
General Catalogue of Comparison- Stars ,
No.
Mag.
Year.
«.
Ann. Prec.
a.
6.
C.
d.
h. m. s.
s.
1
7.8
1850
4 56 37
+3.706
9.4834
0.0303
1,7449
9.1286
2
8
1850
5 3 5
3.712
9.4379
0,0338
1.7458
9.0840
3
9
1850
5 10 29
3.712
9.3779
0.0365
1.7456
9.0212
4
8.9
1850
5 17 48
3.725
9.3107
0.0406
1.7473
8.9593
5
9
1850
5 21 43
3.728
9.2689
0.0419
1.7476
8.9178
6
8
1849
5 22 32
3.731
9.2600
0.0426
1.7480
8.9106
7
9
1849
5 25 40
3.730
9.2219
0.0431
1,7478
8.8707
8
7
1849
5 29 33
3.733
9.1704
0.0444
1.7482
8.8203
9
9
1849
5 32 12
3.734
9.1311
0.0451
1.7482
8.7811
10
8|
1849
5 44 35
3.734
8.8752
0,0465
1.7482
8.5230
11
9
1849
5 46 15
3,736
8.8259
0.0472
1.7485
8,4746
12
5i
1849
5 48 38
3.721
8.7414
0.0456
1.7467
8.3821
13
1849
5 54 4
3.732
8.4604
0.0472
1.7480
8.1065
14
8.9
1849
5 54 28
3.734
8.4304
0.0475
1.7482
8.0776
15
8
1849
6 1 31
3.725
w7.867]
0.0465
1.7472
7x7.5095
16
9
1849
6 2 22
3.724
718.0603
0.0464
1.7471
7x7.7023
17
8
1849
6 6 5
3.706
718.4680
0.0439
1.7450
7x8.1008
18
9^
1849
6 7 35
3.710
n8.5642
0.0444
1,7455
7x8.1988
19
9
1849
6 9 26
3.711
7x8.6592
0.0444
1.7456
7x8.2945
20
9
1849
6 11 32
3.716
7Z8.7470
0,0449
1.7462
7x8.3852
21
7
1849
6 15 26
3.697
7x8.8711
0.0422
1.7440
7x8,4990
22
9
1849
6 16 47
3.710
7x8.9092
0.0437
1.7455
7x8 5446
23
9
1849
6 17 59
3.710
718.9386
0.0430
1.7454
7x8.5719
24
9
1849
6 18 45
3.675
7x8.9528
0.0390
1.7413
7x8.5679
25
8i
1849
6 19 25
3.713
7x8.9724
0.0437
1.7458
7x8.6096
26
9
1849
6 21 2
3.700
7i9.0057
0.0417
1.7442
7x8.6355
27
9
1849
6 21 11
3.715
7^9.0104
0.0437
1.7460
7x8.6487
28
%
1849
6 21 36
3.707
7x9.0182
0,0428
1.7452
7x8.6525
29
1849
6 25 27
3.707
7x9.0893
0,0420
1,7451
73 8.7242
30
8.9
1849
6 25 44
3.692
7x9.0922
0.0401
1,7434
718.7187
31
9
1849
6 25 47
3.684
7x9.0921
0.0391
1.7424
7x8.7138
32
9
1849
6 27 21
3.678
7x9,1171
0.0380
1,7417
7x8.7356
33
9
1849
6 27 53
3.677
7x9.1251
0.0378
1.7416
7x8.7431
34
9
1849
6 28 46
3.689
7x9.1401
0.0391
1.7430
7x8.7654
35
3i
1849
6 34 38
3.696
7x9.2214
0.0387
1.7438
7x8.8517
36
9
1852
7 26 52
3.410
719.5838
9.9836
1.7089
7x9.0038
37
8.9
1852
7 29 28
3.413
7x9.5963
9.9819
1.7092
7x9.0208
38
1852
7 29 29
3.395
7x9.5948
9.9804
1.7070
7x8.9984
39
9.10
1852
7 30 38
3.400
7x9.6006
9.9800
1.7076
7x9.0105
40
8
1852
7 30 58
3.397
7x9.6019
9.9795
1.7072
7x9.0090
41
8
1852
7 32 44
3.417
7x9.6116
9.9799
1.7097
7x9.0432
42
1852
7 33 42
3.391
7x9.6138
9.9768
1.7064
7x9.0139
43
9
1852
7 33 49
3.419
7x9.6167
9.9793
1.7100
7x9.0524
44
1852
7 38 58
3.464
7x9.6432
9.9797
1.7156
7x9.1305
45
8
1852
7 41 52
3.613
719.6732
9.9954
1.7340
7x9.2852
46
1852
7 44 53
3.415
7x9.6624
9.9700
1.7095
7x9.1020
47
1852
7 46 36
3.623
7x9.6936
9.9931
1.7351
7x9.3154
48
1852
7 46 57
3.619
7x9.6944
9.9923
1.7347
7x9.3140
49
8
1852
7 47 6
3.630
7x9.6966
9.9936
1.7360
7x9.3233
50
7.8
1852
7 47 15
3.603
7x9.6936
9.9899
1.7328
7x9.3030
51
6
1852
7 48 35
3.417
7x9.6768
9.9669
1.7097
7x9.1219
52
9
1852
7 48 38
3.464
7x9.7018
9.9916
1.7353
7x9.3261
53
1852
7 50 53
3.588
7x9.7055
9.9849
1.7310
7x9.3076
54
9
1852
7 50 59
3.610
7x9.7089
9,9878
1.7336
7x9.3262
55
8
1852
7 52 38
3.605
7x9.7143
9.9856
1.7329
719.3289
56
9
1852
7 53 31
3.408
7x9.6941
9.9615
1.7086
7x9.1336
57
9
1852
7 55 3
3.619
7x9.7251
9.9856
1.7346
7x9.3511
58
8.9
1852
7 55 15
3.616
7x9,7255
9.9850
1.7343
7x9.3501
59
9
1852
7 59 15
3.561
7x9.7320
9.9738
1.7276
7x9.3211
60
9
1852
7 59 24
3.610
7x9.7393
9.9805
1.7335
7x9.3632
61
1852
8 5 27
3.401
7x9.7337
9.9487
1.7076
7x9.1759
62
9
1852
8 6 16
4-3.598
7x9.7609
9,9724
1.7321
7x9.3833
Hosted by
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COMPARISON-STARS.
CXKXV
General Catalogue of Comparison- Stars.
No.
d.
Ann. Pi'ec.
a^
V,
c^
d'.
Weight.
1
1 II
+96 13 6.03
//
+5.48
n8.5527
9.0815
0.7385
7x9.9832
70
2
26 16 19.35
4.93
n8.6014
9.0366
0.6928
7x9.9865
88
3
26 5 48.82
4.30
718.6111
8.9745
0.6334
7x9.9898
68
4
26 26 53.81
3.67
W8.6921
8.9113
0.5649
7x9.9926
73
5
26 27 46.61
3.34
n8.7067
8.8698
0.5231
7x9.9939
68
6
26 34 5.9
3.26
?i8.7256
8.8621
0.5138
7x9.9942
3
7
26 27 2.6
2.99
n8.7153
8.8227
0.4762
7x9.9951
3
8
26 31 27.44
2.66
n8.7353
8.7720
0.4244
7x9.9962
118
9
26 31 51.78
2.43
n8.7414
8.7328
0.3850
7x9.9968
76
10
26 23 1.41
1.35
n8.7371
8. 4752
0.1297
7x9.9990
31
11
26 26 46.55
1.20
W8.7485
8.4266
0.0801
7x9.9992
78
12
25 55 45.84
0.99
n8.6672
8.3360
9.9975
7x9.9995
76
13
26 16 30.31
0.51
7i8.7190
8.0522
9.7158
7x9.9998
83
14
26 21 0.09
+0.48
«8.7392
8.0300
9.6850
7x9.9999
76
15
26 2 16.10
—0.13
7i8.6905
7x7.4630
7x9. 1229
7x0.0000
64
16
26 41.88
0.21
7x8.6860
7x7.6559
7x9.3162
7x0.0000
24
17
25 22 23.13
0.53
718.5594
7x8.0559
7x9.7262
7x9.9998
26
18
25 32 21.74
0.66
7x8.5948
7x8.1542
7x9.8218
7x9. 9998
24
19
25 35 2.20
0.82
7x8.6027
7x8.2497
7x9.9166
7x9.9996
12
20
25 45 46.25
1.03
7x8.6361
7x8.3397
7x0.0038
7x9.9994
18
21
25 7 20.05
1.35
7x8.4869
7J8.4559
7x0.1302
7x9.9990
58
22
25 35 24.84
1.47
7x8.5953
7x8.4997
7x0.1666
7x9.9988
14
23
25 27 23.6
1.57
7x8.5644
7x8.5275
7x0.1965
7x9.9987
3
24
24 20 31.0
1.64
7x8.1885
7x8.5274
7x0.2146
7x9.9986
3
25
25 42 33.04
1.70
7x8.6153
7x8.5644
7x0.2294
7x9.9984
25
26
25 14 26.91
1.84
7x8.5063
7x8.5919
7x0.2644
7x9.9982
13
27
25 ,46 40.55
1.85
7x8.6256
7x8.6032
7x0.2671
7x9.9981
11
28
26 31 16.25
1.89
W8.5719
7x8.6079
7x0,2759
7x9.9981
13
29
26 33 51.6
2.22
7x8.5714
7x8.6795
7x0.3469
7x9.9973
5
30
25 1 57.27
2.25
7x8.4360
7x8.6759
7x0.3516
«9.9973
9
31
24 44 44.57
2.25
7x8.3384
7x8.6720
7x0.3525
7x9.9972
6
32
24 32 49.08
2.39
7x8.2493
7x8.6945
. 7x0.3782
7x9.9969
8
33
24 31 4.75
2.43
7x8.2327
7x8. 7021
7x0.3863
7x9.9968
8
34
24 57 24.40
2.51
7x8.4010
7x8.7228
7x0.3998
77,9.9966
7
35
25 16 29.76
3.02
7x8.4725
7x8.8080
7x0.4799
7x9. 9950
320
36
15 15 1.4
7.42
9.2413
7x8.9882
7x0.8705
7x9.9680
3
37
15 24 42.2
7.63
9.2370
7x9.0049
7x0.8826
7x9.9660
6
38
14 40 6.9
7.63
9.2687
7x8.9840
7x0.8827
7x9.9660
3
39
14 53 36.6
7.73
9.2605
7x8.9957
7x0.8880
7x9.9651
3
40
14 47 39.1
7.75
9.2650
7x8.9944
7x0.8895
7x9.9648
3
41
15 40 22.0
7.90
9.2292
7x9.0267
7x0.8974
7x9.9634
6
42
14 33 0.80
7.98
9.2777
7x8.9998
7x0.9019
7x9.9626
7
43
15 49 51.1
7.98
9.2236
7x9.0356
7x0.9022
7x9. 9626
3
44
15 53 0.6
8.39
9.1274
7x9.1090
7x0.9240
7x9.9582
1
45
24 9 12.70
8.62
8.4238
7x9.2454
7x0.9357
7x9.9556
4
^
15 58 40.4
8.86
9.2311
7x9.0850
7x0.9475
7x9.9528
1
47
24 44 50.72
9.00
8.3001
7x9.2736
7x0.9540
7x9.9512
16
48
24 36 48.54
9.02
8.3528
7x9.2726
7x0. 9552
7x9.9509
16
49
25 3 2.69
9.04
8.1795
7x9.2804
7x0.9.559
7x9.9508
58
50
24 37.9
9.05
8.5219
7x9.2637
7x0.9565
7x9.9506
3
51
16 10 52.60
9.15
9.2273
7x9.1043
7x0.9615
7x9.9493
53
52
24 54 11.22
9.16
8.2780
7x9.2838
7x0,9616
7x9.9493
31
53
23 34 50.1
9.33
8.6395
7x9.2697
7x0.9699
7x9.9470
1
54
24 28 27.13
9.34
8.4518
7x9.2853
7x0.9702
7x9.9470
18
55
24 18 58.67
9.47
8.5108
7x9.2886
7x0. 9762
7x9.9453
19
56
15 58 1.35
9.53
9.2435
7x9.1165
7x0.9793
7x9.9444
6
57
25 20.89
9.65
8.3565
7x9.3084
7x0.9845
7X.9.9428
78
58
24 55 10.16
9.67
8.3871
7x9.3077
nO.9853
7x9.9426
67
59
22 50 45.4
9.97
8.7996
7x9.2856
7x0,9987
7x9.9384
6
60
24 52 41.83
9.98
8.4594
7x9.3210
7x0.9992
7x9.9382
18
61
16 4 20.7
10.44
9,2567
7x9.1586
7x1.0186
7x9,9314
1
.
62
+24 47 0.20
—10.50
8.5661
7x9.3413
7x1.0212
7x9.9305
33
Hosted by
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CXXXVl
COMPARISON-STAES.
General Catalogue of Comparison- Stars — Continued.
No.
Mag.
Year.
a.
Ann. Prec.
a.
b.
C.
d.
h. m, s.
s.
63
8
1852
8 10 14
^-3.534
n9.7636
9.9584
1.7234
719.3362
64
6.7
1852
8 11 44
3.583
n9.7762
9.9648
1.7303
719.3937
65
9
1852
8 11 51
3.392
719.7527
9.9408
1.7065
719.1912
66
1852
8 13 10
3.581
7Z9.7804
9.9631
1.7301
719.3980
67
8
1852
8 14 59
3.375
«9.7602
9.9354
1.7043
719.1800
68
8
1852
8 16 8
3.575
719.7886
9.9591
1.7294
719.4050
69
8.9
1852
8 16 36
3.565
719.7886
9.9572
1.7282
7^9.3983
70
7
1852
8 19 29
3.507
n9.7889
9.9458
1.7210
719.3556
71
1852
8 19 47
3.564
719.7978
9.9535
1.7280
719.4099
72
1852
8 19 50
3.. 567
719.7986
9.9540
1.7284
719.4134
73
18,52
8 20 55
3.560
n9.8006
9.9517
1.7276
719.4115
74
1852
8 21 44
3.498
719.7941
9.9419
1.7199
719.3552
75
7.8
1852
8 24 25
3.377
7i9.7870
9.9241
1.7046
719.2212
76
8.9
1852
8 26 59
3.381
719.7943
9.9212
1.7052
719.2378
77
1852
8 27 32
3.547
719.8175
9.9422
1.7260
719.4262
78
1852
8 28 3
3.538
719.8174
9.9401
1.7248
719.4194
79
9
1852
8 28 15
3.541
719.8186
9.9404
1.7253
719.4238
80
1852
8 30 12
3.530
719.8224
9.9364
1.7239
719.4214
81
8
1852
8 31 11
3.469
7i9.8161
9.9264
1.7163
719.3625
82
1852
8 31 41
3.525
719.8255
9.9338
1.7233
719.4222
83
9
1853
8 32 25
3.429
719.8141
9.9196
1.7113
729.3216
84
9
1852
8 32 36
3.434
719.8152
9.9200
1.7119
719.3280
85
8.9
1852
8 35 7
3.519
719.8336
9.9286
1.7226
719.4297
86
9
1852
8 39 25
3.417
719.8300
9.9085
1.7098
719.3336
87
9
1852
8 40 18
3.493
719.8439
9.9189
1.7192
719.4312
88
9
1852
8 44 15
3.491
719.8520
9.9119
1.7190
719.4360
89
8.9
1852
8 45 28
3.495
719.8556
9.9109
1.7195
719.4450
90
8
1852
8 45 58
3.484
719.8552
9.9085
1.7182
719.4358
91
8
1852
8 47 26
3.479
719.8579
9.9057
1.7176
719.4362
92
9
1852
8 47 33
3.477
719.8579
9.9051
1.7173
719.4342
93
8
1852
8 48 54
3.470
719.8600
9 9020
1.7164
719.4316
94
7.8
1852
8 50 26
3.464
719.8626
9.8989
1.7157
719.4312
95
8
1852
8 52 13
3.467
719.8672
9.8967
1.7161
719.4415
96
9
1852
8 53 47
3.456
719.8689
9.8925
1.7146
719.4343
97
7.8
1852
8 58 16
3.439
719.8763
9.8829
1.7126
719.4328
98
9
1852
8 59 27
3.445
719.8797
9.8818
1.7133
719.4436
99
8.9
1852
9 3 20
3.429
719.8854
9.8728
1.7112
719.4389
100
8.9
1852
9 3 20
3.430
719.8856
9.8730
1.7114
719.4405
101
8.9
1852
9 4 16
3.433
719.8881
9.8719
1.7118
719.4480
102
9
1851
9 4 23
3.421
719.8864
9.8698
1.7102
719.4332
103
9
1851
9 7 22
3.402
719.8896
9.8617
1.7078
719.4208
104
1851
9 7 37
3.417
719.8924
9.8635
1.7097
719.4406
105
1851
9 7 39
3.413
719.8918
9.8628
1,7092
719.4355
106
9
1851
9 8 11
3.401
719.8911
9.8601
1.7077
719.4225
107
1851
9 8 11
3.408
719.8922
9.8612
1.7086
719.4317
108
9
1851
9 10 18
3.401
719.8953
9.8562
1.7077
n9.4303
109
7
1851
9 12 14
3.392
n9.8977
9.8513
1.7066
n9.4258
110
1850
16 40 55
3.699
719.5774
710.0217
1.7441
9.2265
111
1850
16 42 .56
3.706
719.5673
710.0238
1.7449
9.2192
112
1850
16 49 12
3.717
n9.5326
710.0286
1.7463
9.1877
113
1850
16 50 5
3.720
719.5275
710.0294
1.7466
9.1837
114
1850
16 51 59
3.724
7i9.5161
7i0.0308
1.7471
9.1735
115
1850
16 54 42
3.725
719.4989
710.0322
1.7473
9.1559
116
1850
16 59 44
3.735
719.4658
710.0357
1.7484
9.1257
117
1850
17 7 8
3.746
719.4108
710.0400
1.7497
9.0735
118
6^
1851
17 11 13
3.486
719.3456
710.0109
1.7184
8.8259
119
1850
17 12 50
3.763
719.3638
710.0442
1.7517
9.0333
120
1850
17 13 22
3.756
719.3577
710.0431
1.7508
9.0224
121
1850
17 13 51
3.764
719.3544
710.0445
1.7517
9.0237
122
1851
17 13 55
3.486
719.3211
710.0118
1.7184
8.8006
123
1851
17 21 18
3.492
719.2465
710.0148
1.7192
8.7291
124
1851
17 25 18
3.494
719.1996
710.0161
1.7194
8.6832
125
7
1850
17 28 45
+3.775
719.1869
n0.0498
1.7530
8.8578
Hosted by
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COMPARISON-STARS.
cxxxvu
General Ga
ialogue of Gor
nparison-Star
s — Continued
No.
d.
Ann. Free.
a^
V,
c/.
d'.
Weight.
63
° 1 II
+21 57 3.00
—10.79
8.9417
n9.3036
711.0332
719.9258
4
64
24 29 3.29
10.90
8.6729
n9.3528
711.0376
7i9. 92.39
413
65
15 55 48.5
10.91
9.2719
n9.1742
711.0380
7J.9.9238
3
66
24 29 22.50
11.01
8.6849
719.3570
Til 0417
719,9222
20
67
15 44 33.5
11.14
9.3012
719.1645
711,0469
719,9199
3
68
24 25 5.32
11.22
8.7207
n9. 3643
711.0502
719.9184
29
69
24 1 31.99
11.26
8.7740
719.3590
711.0515
719.9178
19
70
21 38 15.92
11.47
9.0037
7i9,3239
711.0594
7i9,9140
4
71
24 9 40.5
14.49
8.7813
719.3700
711.0603
719.9136
20
72
24 19 43.1
11.49
8.7617
719.3730
711.0604
719.9136
15
73
24 5 30.9
11.57
8.7973
719.3719
nl.0633
719.9122
10
74
21 20 54.3
11.63
9.0316
729.3244
711.0655
719.9110
1
75
15 46 20.15
11.82
9.2966
719.2046
711.0726
719.9074
6
76
16 14 7.8
12.00
9.2888
719.2204
nl.0792
ri9.9038
3
77
23 58 5.5
12.04
8.8549
719.3871
711.0805
719.9030
15
78
23 34 17.2
12.07
8.8944
719.3815
711.0818
719.9023
15
79
23 45 37.97
12.09
8.8789
719.3853
711.0823
719.9020
23
80
23 24 21.45
12,23
8.9210
719.3842
711.0874
719.8991
20
81
20 36 12.24
12.29
9.1076
719.3338
711.0896
719.8977
8
82
23 16 11.8
11.33
8.9397
719.3853
711.0909
719.8970
15
83
18 46 14.60
11.38
9.1977
719.2979
711.0926
719.8959
21
84
19 43.0
12.39
9.1878
719.3037
711.0930
729.8956
3
85
23 14 31.64
12.56
8.9596
n9.3930
711.0990
719.8919
26
86
18 35 42.7
12.85
9.2214
n9.3104
711.1090
ri9.8852
3
87
22 44 42.07
12.91
9.0185
719.3960
711.1110
719.8838
13
88
22 33 33.74
13.17
9.0472
719.4014
711.1197
719.8774
23
89
22 51 37.98
13.26
9.0347
719.4095
711.1224
7i9.8754
52
90
22 22 44.90
13.29
9.0648
7J9.4018
nl.l234
719.8745
28
91
22 15 16.45
13.38
9.0776
719.4026
nl.l266
719.8720
95
92
22 8 47.07
13.39
9.0838
719.4009
711.1268
719.8718
28
93
21 .54 57.81
13.48
9.1012
7i9.o994
711.1297
719.8695
63
94
21 44 13.14
13.61
9.1157
n9.3992
nl.l328
719.8669
69
95
22 2 29.25
13.69
9.1073
719.4086
711.1365
719.8637
23
96
21 34 8 54
13.79
9.1357
719.4028
nl.l396
719.8610
28
97
21 6 22.86
14.08
9.1711
719.4026
711.1484
719.8527
36
98
21 29 21.65
14.15
9.1588
719.4123
711.1507
719.8505
28
99
20 57 21.40
14.39
9.1934
719.4092
711.1580
719.8431.
16
100
21 1 46.79
14.39
9.1904
719.4106
711.1580
719.8431
32
101
21 16 51.22
14.44
9.1834
719.4173,
711.1597
719.8412
79
102
20 37 52.95
14.45
9.2092
719.4045
711.1599
729.8410
20
103
19 51 45.7
14.63
9.2449
719.3942
711.1652
729.8351
10
104
20 41 23.72
14.64
9.2164
7i9.4116
711.1657
729.8346
13
105
20 27 .59.92
14.66
9.2243
n9.4072
711.1658
729.8345
18
106
19 52 26.2
14.68
9.2467
719.3958
711.1667
719.8334
10
107
20 15 48.64
14.68
9.2332
n9.4040
nl.l667
729.8334 ^
25
108
20 2 39.72
14.81
9.2466
n9.4032
711.1704
729.8290
25
109
-f 19 43 5 50
14.92
9.2624
ri9.3996
Til . 1737
729.8250
41
110
—26 28 27.92
6.78
n8.4925
9.1784
710.8315
9.9736
36
111
26 39 30.62
6.62
n8.5530
9.1704
710.8207
9.9750
25
112
26 52 20.74
6.10
n8.6388
9.1381
710.7852
9.9789
35
113
26 .56 35.21
6.02
n8.6564
9.1338
710.7799
9.9795
35
114
27 1 17.70
5.86
W8.6803
9.1233
710.7682
9.9806
26
115
26 59 41.4
5.64
W8.6883
9.1058
710.7511
9.9821
35
116
27 11 47.28
5.21
718.7432
9.0748
nO.7171
9.9848
25
117
27 23 8.74
4.. 58
W8.7956
9.0219
nO.6614
9 9883
35
118
17 35 42.76
4.24
9.0728
8.8051
710.6270
9.9901
69
119
27 50 52.92
4.10
n8.8668
8.9798
710.6126
9.9907
30
120
27 31 24.64
4.05
n8.8310
8.9703
710.6078
9.9910
35
121
27 49 2.65
4.01
n8.8676
8.9703
710.6033
9.9911
10
122
17 33 8.88
4.01
9.0728
8.7798
rjO.6027
9.9912
34
123
17 41 12.42
3.37
9.0567
8.7081
710..5277
9.9938
12
124
17 43 32.68
3.02
9.0506
8.6620
710.4807
9.9950
27
125
—27 56 57.38
-2.72
rj.8.9086
8.8040
710.4353
9.9960
28
TO
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CXXXVlll
COMPARISON-STARS.
General Catalogue of Comparison- Stars — Continued.
No.
Mag.
Year.
«.
Ann. Prec.
a.
6.
C.
d.
k. m. s.
s.
126
1851
17 32 1
-f-3.503
W9.1074
wO.0185
1.7205
8.5974
127
"'h
1851
17 38 44
3.505
n8.9888
nO 0200
1.7208
8.4798
128
1850
17 43 52
3.781
n8.9013
n0.0530
1.7537
8.5731
129
1851
17 46 23
3.512
n8.7961
n0.0217
1.7217
8.2920
130
H
1850
17 47 14
3.783
n8.7999
n0.0535
1.7539
8.4720
131
1850
17 52 24
3.778
n8.5741
iiO.0533
1.7534
8.2438
132
1850
17 53 28
3.777
«8.5082
n0.0532
1.7532
8.1773
133
1850
17 55 54
3.778
n8,3060
wO.0533
1.7533
7.9752
134
1850
17 59 6
3.773
n7.6925
n0.0527
1.7527
7.3592
135
1850
17 59 50
3.776
n6.9059
7x0.0531
1.7531
6.5739
136
1850
18 4 7
3.786
8.2977
n0.0433
1.7443
717.9266
137
1850
18 4 46
3.683
8.3702
riO.0521
1.7523
7i8.035i
138
1850
18 6 40
3.717
8.5102
«0.0452
1.7462
718.1481
139
1850
18 7 1
3.766
8.. 5847
n0.0526
1.7520
n8.2475
140
5
1850
18 8 40
3,755
8,6280
n0.0502
1.7507
718.2864
141
1851
18 9 5
3.528
8.6259
710.0236
1.7236
718.1351
142
1850
18 9 30
3.723
8.6637
710.0459
1.7470
718.3053
143
7
1850
18 11 53
3.727
8.7620
710.0463
1.7475
718.4060
144
1851
18 12 37
3.528
8.7647
710.0235
1.7237
718.2746
145
8i
1850
18 13 1
3.737
8.8022
710.0474
1.7486
7?.8.4514
146
1850
18 15 19
3.739
8.8731
710.0475
1.7488
718.5236
147
7
1850
18 18 23
3.743
8.9528
710.0476
1.7493
718.6056
148
7
1851
18 23 43
+3.532
9.0386
720.0222
1.7241
718.5529
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COMPARISON-STARS.
CXXXIX
(
jreneral Cat
alogue of Cori
Yiparison-Star,
? — Continued.
No.
8.
Ann. Prec.
a'.
V.
d.
d'.
Weight.
J 26
o / //
— 17 59 52.10
//
—2.44
9.0254
8.5756
nO.3879
9.9968
20
127
18 2 43.45
1.86
9.0177
8.4579
n0.2691
9.9981
59
128
28 54.48
1.41
n8.9314
8.5190
n0.1494
9.9989
25
129
18 15 28.10
1.19
8.9972
8.2696
nO 0759
9.9992
31
130
28 2 5.41
1.12
W8.9357
8.4178
n0.0479
9.9993
21
131
27 5] 58.2
0.66
n8.9218
8.1902
n9.8228
9.9998
20
132
27 49 10.57
0.57
n8.9176
8.1239
n9.7571
9.9998
26
133
27 50 9.42
0.36
W8.9198
7.9218
n9.5548
9.9999
25
134
27 39 25.44
0.09
n8.9021
7.3065
n8.9421
0.0000
25
135
27 45 1.54
—0.01
n8.9116
6.5208
rj8.]551
0.0000
25
136
25 ]0 53.16
+0,37
n8.5147
n7.8832
9.5-66
9.&S99
36
137
27 32 8.57
0.59
n8.8888
n7.9829
9.6202
9.9999
22
138
25 45 5.50
0.59
n8.6378
n8.1027
9.7671
9.9998
25
139
27 27 19.48
0.68
?i8.8792
ri8.1956
9.8341
9.9998
20
140
27 5 26.28
0,76
»i8.8373
?i8.2360
9.8798
9 9997
63
141
18 50 48.62
0.80
8.9439
718.1112
9.9042
9.9997
36
142
25 59 9.6
0.83
n8.6783
n8.2590
9.9197
9.9996
15
143
26 8 42.83
1.04
n8.7033
n8.3593
0.0174
9.9994
23
144
18 55 16.26
1.10
8.9381
n8. 2.514
0.0428
9.9993
29
145
26 28 48.81
1.14
n8.7540
n8.4033
0.0563
9.9993
36
146
26 33 53.50
1.34
n8.7641
n8.4752
0.1269
9.9990
31
147
26 43 0.54
1.61
W8.7819
n8.5566
0.2060
9.9986
42
148
—19 4 23.99
+2.07
8.9299
Ji8.5284
0.3164
9.9977
57
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cxl
COMPARISON-STARS.
Lastly, there is another class of stars to be examined ; namely, those observed in connection
with Mars upon the meridian at different places, and although not near enough to the planet
to be treated as comparison stars, yet forming in fact the basis upon which the respective series
of meridian observations must rest. The places of these stars have been reduced from the
several authorities, together with those which were required for our General Catalogue, and the
stars are referred to in the preceding special tables by index-letters instead of numbers.
The data employed for the determination of their adopted places are given below, and followed
by the resultant list ; the method of reduction and form of presentation being the same with
that for the 148 stars of the catalogue proper.
To this class belong also /3 Tauri and /? Geminorum, which being fundamental stars have
been so thoroughly and frequently observed at Grreenwich during the period of the Mars
observations, that the places taken direct from the Greenwich Catalogue for 1850 seem more
trustworthy than those derived from any combination of observations made at different epochs.
Places of Stars not used for comparison, but observed ivitli the Cape Mural Circle, in connection with
Mars I.
Observed.
Name.
Date.
Epoch.
Reduced to
Mean at epoch.
«.
d.
epoch in 0.
h. m. s.
/ //
//
/ //
B.A.C. 1648
1849.— Dec. 30
5 11 35.48
1850.0
31
4-27 47 51.68
4-6.65
4-27 47 58.33
1850.— Jan. 3
35.25
54.83
6.50
48 1.33
4
53.92
4-6.45
48 0.37
27 48 0.01
118 Tauri
1849.— Dec. 24
5 20 3.51
25 1 16.18
1850.0
4-7.40
4-25 1 23.58
26
15.86
7.35
23.21
29
17.96
7.27
25.23
1850.— Jan. 10
3.52
19.46
6.95
26.41
11
18.47
6.93
25.40
12
3.66
18.44
6.91
25.35
14
18.18
6.86
25.04
15
18.12
6.83
24.95
16
18 00
6.80
24.80
17
19.07
4-6.77
25.84
25 1 24.98
B.A.C. 1754
1850.— Jan. 7
5 27 47.73
26 49 22.90
1850.0
4-6.95
26 49 29.85
8
47.85
23.07
6.92
29.99
9
47.78
24.36
4-6 88
31.24
26 49 30.36
125 Tauri
1849.— Dec. 18
5 30 27.26
25 48 20.39
1849.0
4-5.17
25 48 25.56
20
27.25
19.22
5.12
24.34
21
20.28
4-5.09
25,37
25 48 25.09
5 Geminorum
1849.— Nov. 25
26
6 2 20.69
4-24 26 41.98
1849.0
4-8.60
24 26 50.58
27
20.40
43.92
4-8.60
52.52
1850.— Jan. 7
20.21
24 26 51.55
These determinations are given by Mr. Maclear in the Memoirs of the Eoyal Astronomical
Society of London, volume XX, pp. 104, 5. They have been used with the regular micrometric
comparison-stars, determined during the same period at the Cape, for obtaining the constant
quantity which is to be subtracted from all the circle-measurements, both of planets and stars,
at the Cape, in order to reduce the declinations to our adopted standard.
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COMPARISON-STARS.
cxli
Dedinaiions of Stars observed ivitli the Cape Mural Circle, in connection with Mars II.
Name.
Date.
Observed 0.
Red to
18.52.0.
Mean 8
1852.0.
Name.
Date.
Observed 0,
Red. to
1852.0
Mea-n 8
1852.0.
/?^ Geminor.
1851.— Dec.22
26
° ! II
-f-28 22 41.05
41.89
II
+4.08
4.07
o 1 II
+28 22 45.13
45.96
Lai. 17528
1852.— Jan 16
° 1 II
+22 46 33.34
II
+4.21
/ //
+22 46 37.55
29
42.44
4.05
46.49
30 v^ Cancri
Jan. 12
-f-24 34 32.32
+4.12
+24 34 36.44
30
42.06
4.04
46.10
13
30.55
4.13
34.68
] 852.— Jan. 1
42.47
4.02
46.49
14
32.70
4.13
36.83
2
41.52
4.00
45.52
15
32.35
4.14
36.49
3
42.70
3.98
46.68
16
31.93
4.14
36.07
5
42.31
3.94
46.25
19
33.14
4.12
37.23
9
44.02
3.84
47.86
20
33.07
4.10
37.17
10
43.05
3.80
46.85
21
31.23
4.09
35.32
12
43.84
3.73
47.57
22
33.45
4.07
37.52
13
42.08
3.70
45.78
23
32.90
4.06
36.96
14
43.70
3.66
Feb. 5
32.91
3.65
36.56
15
19
44.11
43.43
3.63
3.46
47.74
47 89
7
32.83
+3.57
36.40
+24 34 36 48
20
43.70
3.41
47.11
21
42.85
3.36
46.21
28 v"^ Cancri
Feb. 3
+24 37 53.16
+3.69
+24 37 56.85
22
42.45
3.30
45.75
4
53.31
3.66
56.97
23
43.80
3.25
47.05
5
53.36
3.62
56.98
24
43.46
3.20
6
53.64
3.58
57.22
27
29
44.35
43.05
3.03
2.91
47.38
45.96
7
53.54
+3.53
57.07
+24 37 57.02
Feb. 2
44.34
2.66
47.00
24 t)" Cancri
Jan. 24
+25 57.62
+3.97
+25 1 1.59
3
44.16
2.60
46.76
26
57.44
3.91
1.35
4
43.24
2.54
45.78
Feb.l8
56.49
2.84
5
44.14
2.47
46.61
20
1 0.32
+2.71
6
43.45
43.65
2.40
2.34
45.85
45.99
7
+25 1 1.47
10
45.23
2.12
47.35
B.A.C. 2703
Jan. 27
+22 52 37.12
+3.79
+22 52 40.91
11
45.19
2.05
47.24
29
36.70
3.74
40.44
12
44.91
1.98
46.89
Feb. 2
37.87
3.62
41.49
13
43.63
1.91
45.54
9
37.48
3.50
40.98
14
43.67
1.84
45.51
25
38.59
2.61
.41.20
16
17
45.12
44.61
1.70
1.63
46.82
46.24
28
38.59
+ 2.46
41.05
+22 52 41.01
18
19
44.21
45.39
1.56
1.49
45.77
46.88
y Cancri
Jan. 2
3
+21 59 46.77
47.23
+3.64
3.68
+21 59 50.41
50.91
25
45.63
1.04
46.67
Feb. 28
45.99
■fO.81
46.80
5
9
10
47.51
47.66
46.08
3.76
3.92
3.95
51.27
51.58
50.03
f28 22 46.53
B.A.C. 3017
Jan. 5
-f20 31 21.59
+3.57
f20 31 25.16
12
13
47.08
45.72
3.98
3.99
51.06
49.71
32 Tj* C ncri
Jan. 12
-j-24 35 1.64
+4.14
f24 35 5.78
14
48.04
4.00
52.04
13
34 59 67
4.14
3.81
15
47.58
+4.01
51.59
14
35 1 39
4.15
4.15
5.54
5.19
15
1.04
+21 59 50.96
16
0.66
4.14
4.80
82 Greminor.
Feb.21
f23 30 8.09
+2.47
f23 30 10.56
19
1.90
4.13
6.03
23
9.50
2.40
20
1.87
4.12
5.99
24
10.95
2.35
21
0.04
4.10
4.14
25
9.32
2.29
11.61
22
23
2.66
1.71
4.09
+4.08
6.75
5.79
84 Geminor.
28
Feb.lO -
8.71
f-22 42 38.06
+2.11
+3.20 -
10.82
f23 30 11.00
f-22 42 41.26
'
-24 35 5.38
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cxlii
COMPARISON- STAKS.
Stars observed ivith Mars on the Meridian,
Lalande 9944,5 (2.2)
Piazzi V, 41 (6.7)
Taylor 1912 (4.4)
Greenwich 363 (3.5)
Lalande 10510 (1.1)
Bessel 405 (1.1)
Piazzi V, 145 (6.6)
Taylor 2045 (6.5)
Greenwich 395 (2.2)
[35]
Lalande 10605 (1.1)
Piazzi V, 165 (7.8)
Taylor 2071 (5.5)
Bessel 405 (1.1)
Twelve-Year 478 (4.7)
Riimker 1499 (2.2)
Greenwich 402 (7.3)
[83]
Lalande 11441 (1.1)
Piazzi V, 306 (5.6)
Rumker 1685 (16.10)
Taylor 2266 (4.5)
Greenwich 440 (2.2)
. [62]
1850.0.
h. m. s. o / //
5 11 34.48 +27 48 1.9
34.54 0.1
34.50 57.7
34.43 58.7
[46]
5 11 34
+ 27
47 58.78
Greenwich 374 (97.78)
b
h.m. s.
5 16 18.82
1850.0.
o / //
+ 28 28 30.77
[390]
5 16 19
+ 28
28 30.77
Lalande 10231-3 (3.3)
Piazzi V, 98 (15.16)
Taylor 1988 (6.5)
Bessel 405 (1.1)
Greenwich 381 (1.1)
C
h. m. s.
5 20 2.39
2.59
2.47
2.57
2.54
1850.0.
/ //
+ 25 117 4
22.8
24.1
24.8
22.9
[42]
5 20 3
+ 25
1 23.03
1850.0.
h. in. s. o I II
5 27 47.04 +26 49 31.8
46.85 34.6
46.69 29.6
46.86 29.1
46.91 30.7
5 27 47
+ 26 49 30.18
e 1849.0.
h. m. s. o / //
5 30 22.42 +25 48 27.0
22.29 25.2
22.79 21.9
22.89 27.3
22.94 23.8
22.61 23.8
22.84 24.6
5 30 23
+ 25 48 23.90
/
1850.0,
h. m. s. o / //
5 54 55.35 +25 26 40.4
55.45 39.0
55.48 42.3
55.89 37.6
55.74 37.7
5 54 55
+ 25 26 40.06
Piazzi V, 350 (9.9)
Taylor 2335 (10.9)
Bessel 348 (1.1)
Rumker 1744 (1.1)
Greenwich 452 (4.3)
[54]
1849.0.
h. m. s. • I ti
6 2 16.45 +24 26 53.3
16.51 52.1
16.67 49.6
16.15 (59.2)
16.67 51.7
6 2 16
+ 24 26 52.06
Greenwich 571 (1.53,9
Lalande 15312-4 (3.3)
Piazzi VI ',232 (4.4)
Bessel 339 (1.1)
Taylor 3272 (3.4)
Greenwich 578 (4.4)
[30]
Lalande 15795 (1.1)
Piazzi VII, 299 (9.9)
Bessel 339 (1.1)
Taylor 3402 (4.4)
Greenwich 593 (6.5)
[50]
Lalande 16517-9 (3.3)
Piazzi VIII, 65 |)r. (6.7)
Bessel 341,344 (2.2)
Struve 994 (6.6)
Taylor 3575 (6.7)
Rumker 2516 (2.2)
Greenwich 613 pr. (4.4)
h. m. s. o I II
7 36 15.31 +28 22 45.43
[490]
7 36 15
+ 28 22 45.43
i
h. TO. s.
1852.0.
Lalande 15146
(1.1)
7 39 42.27
+ 23 30 8.6
Piazzi Vlf, 207
(6.7)
42.08
7.8
Bessel 339
(1.1)
42.24
9.4
Taylor 3222
(8.6)
42.50
10.9
Twelve-Year 698 (3.7)
42.21
8.8
Greenwich 573
(8.7)
[99]
42.38
9.5
7 39 42
+ 23 30 9.38
1852.0.
h. m. s. o / //
7 44 13.31 +22 42 34.0
13.42 39,5
13.27 35.6
13.52 (42.5)
13.24 37.0
7 44 13
+ 22 42 36.87
1852.0.
h. m. s. o I II
7 57 50.51 +22 52 39.4
50.44 40.2
49.92 39.7
49.59 38.7
49.85 39.6
7 57 50
+ 22 52 39.48
m 1852.0.
h. m. s. o / //
8 17 51.24 + 25 1 6.0
51.49 1.8
51.31 59.6
51.36 0.7
51.33 59.5
1 2.5
51.15 59.6
[123]
8 17 51
+ 25 1 0.54
h. m. s.
1852.0.
Lalande 16597-9 (3.3)
8 19 49.53
+ 24 37 58.0
Piazzi VIII, 76 (15.14)
49.73
56.8
Taylor 3594 (9.5)
50.09
57.9
Greenwich 617 (4.4)
49.82
55.5
[52]
8 19 50
+ 24 37 56.69
n. m. 5.
1852.0.
o 1 II
Lalande 16685-7 (2.2)
8 22 45.41
+ 24 34 35.8
Piazzi VIII, 84 (24.22)
Bessel 344 (1.1)
45.25
44.90
36.4
34.9
Taylor 3617 (4.4)
45.32
34.0
Riimker 2545 (1.1)
36.0
Greenwich 619 (3.2)
44.97
34.5
[52]
8 22 45 + 24 34 35.35
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COJMPARISON-STAKS.
Stars observed tvith 31ars on the Meridian— Goni\vLViedi,
cxlni
Lalande 16763
Piazzi VIII, 89
'Bessel 344
laylor 3635
Greenwich 623
(1.1)
(5.6)
(1.1)
(3.4)
(6.8)
[62]
P
h. m. s.
8 24 15.21
14.99
14.94
14.85
14.71
1852.0.
/ //
-i- 24 35 6.8
3.4
4.7
4.2
4.3
1
Lalande 17514,5
Piazzi VIII, 195
Taylor 3861
Lalande 17528,9
Bessel 278,344,5
Maclear
Greenwich 641
(2.2)
(6.6)
(3.4)
[20]
^ A.m. s.
8 45 26.96
27.36
27.10
1852.0.
+ 20 31 21.5
21.3
23.1
8 24 15
+ 24 35 4.24
8 45 27
+ 20 31 22.55
Lalande 17143-6 (4.4)
Piazzi VIII, 142 (32.15)
Taylor 3739 (21.13)
Rumker 2624 (6.5)
Twelve-Year 775 (9.8)
Greenwich 637 (23.23)
[228]
g.
h. m. s.
8 34 44.10
43.15
43.06
42.91
42.88
1852.0.
+ 21 .59 53.4
49.4
48.5
48.9
49.7
49.0
(2.2)
(3.3)
( .1)
(4.3)
[29]
« h.m. s.
8 45 45.38
4 . 7
44.90
1852.0.
+ 26 46(46.5)
40.7
36.2
";.3
3 34 43
+ 21 59 49.13 1
j
8 45 45
+ 23 46 37.11
The star s presents indications of a decided proper-motion, affecting the determination of the
declination. We find —
Observed.
Reduced.
1 Computed. ^
C — 0.
Lalande
Bessel .
Maclear
Grreenwich
O ' "
+ 22 46 49.5
40.20
37.55
35. 34
46.50
40.67
36.22
35. 28
•
46.46
40. 70 :
i 35. 82
34. 40
!
— 0.04
+ 0.03
— 0.40
+ 0.12
i
So that, although the mean by weights is 22° 46' 37^11, if we reject Lalande, as is then
Ttio' .., ^,r "^^^ ^^^ ''^^^''' accordant and satisfactory results by adopting the declination
+ 22 46 35 .63, with a proper-motion of — 0M94. This has been done."
Adopted Declinations of Mars-Culminating Stars.
Name.
B.A.C. 1648
/?Tauri .
118 Tauri*
B.A.C. 1754
125 Tauri .
B.A.C. 1937
5 Geminorurn
Geminorurn
82 Geminorurn
84Geminorum
B.A.C. 2703 .
24 1; I Cancri .
28tj» Cancri .
'SOv'^ Caricri .
32?;+ Cancri .
y Cancri . .
B A.C. 3107 .
H. C. 17528.9
Mag.
Year.
6^
1850.0
2
1850.0
7
1850.0
7
1850.0
6
1849.0
7
1850.0
6
1849.0
H
1852.0
7
1852.0
6i
1852.0
7
1852.0
7
1852.0
H
1852.0
6
1852.0
7
1852.0
4^
1852.0
n
1852.0
n
1852.0
Approx. (/..
h. m. s.
5 11 34
5 16 19
5 20 3
5 27 47
5 30 23
5 54 55
6 2 16
7 36 15
7 39 42
7 44 13
7 57 50
8 17 51
8 19 50
8 22 45
8 24 15
8 34 43
8 45 27
8 45 45
Ann.
Prec.
3.76
3.78
3.69
3.74
3.71
3.71
3.68
3.73
3.60
3.57
3.56
3.58
3.57
3.57
3.56
3.49
3.45
3.49
+ 27 47 58.78
28 28 30.77
25 1 22.96
26 49 30.18
25 48 23.90
25 26 40.06
24 26 52.06
28 22 45.43
23 30 9.38
22 42 36.87
22 52 39.48
25 1 0.54
24 37 56.69
24 34 35.77
24 35 4.24
21 59 49.13
20 31 22.55
22 46 35.63
Ann.
Prec.
+4.21
+3.76
+3.48
+2.81
+2.58
+0.44
—0.20
—8.18
—8.45
—8.81
—9.86
—11.35
—11.49
—11.70
—11.81
—12.53
—13.25
—13.27
n8.8584
n8.9385
n8.3678
718.7752
n8.6132
«8.5763
n8.2739
n8.7176
8.5597
8.7278
8.7874
8.6493
8.7232
8.7546
8.7657
9.0412
9.1562
9.0407
6^
8.9904
8.9509
8.8655
8.8010
8.7490
7.9784
n7.6139
n9.2874
n9.2255
719.2294
719.2814
719.3789
719.3781
7i9.3849
719.3890
729.3694
719.3649
719.4086
0.6239
0.5748
0.5414
0.4488
0.4124
9.6476
719.2993
710.9126
710.9270
710.9450
710.9940
Til 0550
7J1.0604
711.0682
711.0721
711.0981
711.1223
711.1230
d\
719.9902
719.9922
719.9934
719.9957
7i9.9964
719.9999
710.0000
719.9605
7i9.9575
719.9534
719.9399
719.9162
719.9136
M9.9097
7i9.9076
719.8925
719.8754
719.8749
Weight.
46
390
42
35
83
62
54
490
101
32
52
121
52
54
64
228
20
29
* c, 118 Tauri, as one mass.
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cfxliv
OBSERVATIONS.
§ 6. OBSERVATIONS.
The observations have, in almost every case, been reduced anew, as far as the data permitted,
and the results are given in detail. The right-ascensions are given where space conveniently
allows : both the observed and, in a subsequent section, the computed values. Although only
approximately required for our purpose, it seems well to append them to the other results when
no obstacle exists, both on account of completeness and for convenience of use. The observa-
tions for each planet and each series are naturally grouped together, and the results of each
group considered by themselves.
The positions of the comparison-stars constitute a first requisite, and the observations for
each series are preceded by a table of apparent places, containing for every star employed the
dates on which it was used, the reductions from mean to apparent places, and the resulting
apparent declinations.
I. FIRST SERIES OF OBSERVATIONS OF MARS.
Apparent Places of Stars compared ivith Mars during the first Series of Observations.
Reduction in
Apparent
Reduction in
Apparent
No.
Date.
No.
Date.
a.
8.
«.
5»
0.
a.
8.
a.
8.
s.
II
h. m. s.
* , /,
s.
II
h, in. s.
o 1 II
1
1850.— Jan 7
-fO.74
-6.17
4 56 38
+26 12 59.9
13
1849.— Dec. 9
+4.25
—7.92
5 54 8
+26 16 22.4
12
0.72
6.02
56 38
13 0.0
11
4.28
7.89
54 8
22.4
17
0.69
5.89
56 38
0.1
14
Dec. 11
+4.28
7.94
5 54 32
+26 20 52.2
2
Jan. 10
+0.75
—6.26
5 3 5
+26 16 13.1
13
4.32
7.90
54 32
52.2
14
0.73
6.13
3 5
13.2
15
Dec. 3
+4.12
—8.73
6 1 35
+26 2 7.4
18
0.71
6.02
3 5
13.3
6
4.17
8.71
1 35
7.4
3
Jan. 19
+0.64
—6.23
5 10 30
+26 5 42.6
9
4.22
8.67
1 35
7.4
2.5
0.57
6.06
10 30
42.8
16
Dec. 4
+4.13
—8.81
6 2 26
+26 33.1
i
31
0.43
5.88
10 29
42.9
8
4.20
8.77
2 26
33.1
4
Jan. 3
+0.78
—6.87
5 17 49
+26 26 46.9
17
Nov. 22
+3.83
—9 09
6 6 9
+25 22 14.0
6
0.78
6.77
17 49
47.0
26
3.92
9.10
6 9
14.0
9
0.78
6.66
17 49
47..
18
Nov. 24
+3.87
—9.27
6 7 39
+25 32 12.5
5
1849.— Dec. 29
+0.77
— 7.]6
5 21 43
+26 27 39.5
28
3.96
9.28
7 39
12.5
31
1850.— Jan. 2
0.78
0.80
7.09
7.01
21 43
21 43
39.5
39.6
19
Nov. 23
27
+3.84
3.94
—9.44
9.46
6 9 30
9 30
+25 34 53.3
53.2
6
1849.— Dec. 27
31
+4 49
4.51
—3.97
3.83
5 22 36
22 37
+26 34 1.9
2.1
20
Nov. 28
Dec. 1
+3.96
4.02
—9.68
9.69
6 11 36
11 36
+25 45 36.6
36.6
7
Dec. 26
28
30
+4.48
4.49
4.50
—4.37
4.30
4.23
5 25 44
25 44
25 45
+26 26 58.2
58.3
58.4
21
Nov. 19
23
+3.70
3.80
—9.84
9 89
6 15 30
16 30
+25 7 10.2
10.2
8
Dec. 20
24
+4.44
4.47
—5.02
4.87
5 29 37
29 37
+26 31 22.4
22.6
22
Nov. 24
28
+3.83
3.93
—10.11
10.14
6 16 51
16 51
+25 35 14.7
14.7
28
4.50
4.74
29 38
22,7
23
Nov. 22
+3.78
—10.19
6 18 3
+25 27 13.4
9
Dec. 19
+4.42
—5.32
5 32 16
+26 31 46.5
26
3.87
10.22
18 3
13.4
24
4.47
5.17
32 16
46.6
24
Oct. 31
+3.13
-9.55
6 18 48
+24 20 21.4
29
4.51
5.00
32 17
46 8
Nov. 4
3.24
9.64
18 48
21.4
10
Dec. 10
+4.29
—6.89
5 44 39
+26 22 54.5
25
Nov. 25
+3.85
—10.38
6 19 29
+25 42 22.7
14
4.34
6.80
44 39
54.6
Dec. 1
3.99
10.43
19 29
22.6
18
4,39
6.73
44 39
54.7
26
Nov. 19
+3.67
—10.35
6 21 6
+25 14 16.6
11
Dec. 14
+4.35
—7.01
5 46 19
+26 26 39.5
23
3.78
10.42
21 6
16.5
16
4.38
6.95
46 19
39 6
27
Nov. 30
+3.96
—10.60^
6 21 15
+25 46 30.0
18
4.41
9.90
46 19
39.7
Dec. 4
4.05
10.62
21 15
29.9
12
Dec. 8
+4.23
-7.35
5 48 32
+25 55 38.5
28
Nov. 22
+3.76
—10.50
6 21 40
+25 31 5.8
10
4.27
7.32
48 32
38.5
3.86
10.57
21 40
5.7
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OBSERVATIONS.
Apparent places of /^^^ar^— Continued.
cxlv
No.
Date.
Reduction in
Apparent.
No.
Date.
Reduction in
Apparent.
a, d.
a.
o^
«.
d.
«. 8.
29
1849.-Dec. 27
31
+4.49
4.54
—10.89
10.84
h. m. s.
6 25 31
25 32
+26 33 40.7
40.8
33
1849.-N0V. 2
8
s.
+3.13
3.31
—10.30
10.47
h. m. s.
6 27 56
27 56
/ //
+24 30 54.5
54.3
30
Nov. 13
+3.48
—10.60
6 25 47
+25 1 46.7 1
18
3.62
10.71
25 48
46.6 1
34
Nov. 12
+3.43
—10.77
6 28 49
+24 57 13.6
31
Nov. 10
15
+3.39
3.53
—10,44
10.56
6 25 50
25 51
+24 44 34.1 1
34.0
17
3.57
10.91
28 50
13.5
32
Nov. 2
6
+3.14
3.26
—10.27
10.40
6 27 24
27 24
+24 32 38.8
38.7 1
35
Nov. 19
24
+3.61
3.75
—11.51
11.63
6 34 42
34 42
+25 16 18.3
18.1
A.-OBSERVATIONS OF MARS I, WITH THE SANTIAGO EQUATORIAL.
In the reduction of these observations the following errors were assumed in the printed copy:
Pages 3,4,5, December 11, ^s should be negative throughout, and the signs in Col. Micr. reversed, excepting No. 31.
*j an error nf r\-nci r-mT-.^i-.-.+i^^ . j _•. -».-r r>>^
an error of one revolution assumed in No. 27.
12, Nos. 13, 25, 26, 33, reverse the signs in Col. Micr.
25, Micr., /or 0.08 read 1 08.
«,
< i
13,
<<
38,
Micr.
11
9.24 '^
5.24.
<<
64,
A6
li
3.15 ''
3.05.
^J,
ii
15,
ii
32,
40,
ii
4.55 "
5.46 ''
4.59.
5.52.
13,
I i
16,
il
16,
<^
1.72 ^'
1.82.
1*,
U
U
48,
11
1.77 "
1.71.
16,
( i
*'
67,
11
.79 ''
6.79.
23,
((
21,
'<
8,
11
2.78 ''
2.76.
24,
tl
22,
li
li
20,
48,
ii
0.35 ''
1.25 ''
1.35.
1.15.
26,
li
23,
"
54,
ii
0.46 ^'
0.54.
38,
"
30,
ii
38,
I i
6.33 ^'
6.36.
50,
January
7,
il
34,
ii
10.46 ''
10.86.
53,
<(
9,
il
li
12,
11
H
18.16 ''
17.32 ''
18. 26.
17.33.
60,
11
u,
11
ii
20,
46,
li
ii
2.05 ''
1.25 ''
2.15.
1.35.
69,
<(
20,
il
24,
ii
12.92 ''
12.72.
74,
79,
11
24,
27,
11
11
12,
30,
li
3.35 ''
1.79 ''
3.25.
1.69.
Uo
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Cxlvi OBSERVATIONS,
These necessarily introduce changes into the table of ^^Eesults/' and from these and other
sources slight errors have arisen, which have been corrected in the present computation, as
indicated below. The numbers of the lines as cited are counted from the beginnings of the
several printed tables of Eesults.
Page 3, lines 1,2, for Eight read Nine.
5, in Col. Eev. reverse the sign.
line 4., for 9. 039 zz: 2' 66'M7 read 9. 150 — 2' 58^33
'' 15, '' 0.965= 18.81 " 1.076= 20.97
- 18, '* 16.86 - 119.02
8, '^ 2, '* 2. 719z=iO 52.99 '' 2.713 = 52.88
13, " 3, '' 4.286 = 1 23.53 *' 4.307 = 1 23.90
16, " 2, '' 1.650 = 32.16 '* 1.606 = 31.30
n' " 6, *' 1,030= 20,25 " 0.995= 19.39
.. 9, u " 17.99 *' 17.13
23, '' 2, *' 2.757 = 63.73 ♦' 2.750 = 53.60
" 6, '* 1.087= 21.18 " 1.080= 21.05
u 9^ ^i 19.22 '' 19.09
25, *' 2, *' 1.361 = 26.53 '' 1.352 = 26.36
*' 6, " 1.039= 20.25 '^ 1.030= 20.08
u 9^ u 18.16 '* 17.99
26, *' l', " 0.471 = 9.18 '* 0.476 = 9.28
'^ ei *' 0.994= 19.35 '* 0.996= 19.45
u 9^ <i 17.21 " il.^l
31^ u i' i. 18o91 '' 18.86
'' 2,
0.016 = 0.81 '^ 0.020 = 0.40
0.986= 19.22 " 0.987= 19.26
u 9; .. 17.02 - 17.06
36, *' 1', " 0.055 = 1.07 '' 0.061=0 1.18
37' '' 6, " 1.027= 20.02 *' 1.021= 19.91
.. 9' i^ 17.78 " 17.67
39, " 2', " 6.399 = 2 4.71 *' 6.401=2 4.75
u e' " 19.75 '* 19.71
.. 9', ^^ 17.48 '' 17.44
51, ^* 1, " 10.848 = 3 31.03 " 10.877 = 3 31.99
u 2, " 3 51.24 '* 3 51.64
<* e', *' 1.037= 20.21 " 1.008= 19.65
u 9^ i^ 18.01 '' 17.45
64, '♦ 1! *' 17.323 = 5 37.62 " 17.324 = 5 37.64
'' 2, '* 18.314 = 5 56.93 ** 18.324 = 5 57.13
'* e', " 0.991= 19.31 '* 1.000= 19.49
«« 9' ii 16.71 ** 16.89
56, u 1' u 2 29.58 '* 2 29.60
67^ i^ 6, '' 18.77 " 18.75
61' *« 1' " 1.216 = 23.70 *' 1.224 = 23.86
'.'* 2', *' 2.165 = 42.20 " 2.173 = 42.35
66, '* l[ " 3 25.33 '* 3 25.27
69,' ** 2, " 12.772 = 4 8.93 '' 12.738 = 4 8.27
'' e', " 0.815= 15.88 " 0.849= 16.54
<i 9, *' 13.47 '« 14.13
75, '' 2,' «' 3.177 = 1 1.92 '* 3.168 = 1 1.75
'« 6, " 0.836= 16.29 '^ 0.845= 16.46
u 9' << 13.86 " 14.03
79^ i^ l| '' 1.627 = 31.71 '' 1.618 = 31.54
u 6,' " 14.72 '' 14.89
u 9'^ i^ —12.22 " 12.39
84, ^' 2' " 7.989 = 2 35.70 '' 8.041 = 2 36.72
^' 6, *' 0.754= 14.69 '* 0.805= 15.71
a 9^ '^ 12.42 " 13.44
The introduction of these modifications furnishes the following table of observations, as they
have been employed for the purposes of the present discussion :
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OBSERVATIONS.
cxlvii
MARS I.
Observations with the Santiago Equatorial,
Date.
Obs. part
. Sant. S.T.
Wash. M.T.
t~T.
Stai
No.
Star's d.
Me^s.Dd
. Refr.
Obs'd 8,
No.ofComp.
N. S.
A. m. s.
h. m. s.
d.
° 1 II
~
1849.
-Dec.lO
N. S.
6 7 30.68
12 22 21.69
—20.48447
13
+26 16 22.40
—0 14.90
0.02
+26 16 7.48
9
8
11
N. S.
4 4 41.15
10 15 56.37
19.57226
14
20 52.15
—2 52.12
0.22
17 59.81
2
3
N. S.
4 57 52.42
11 8 58.93
19.53543
14
20 52.15
—2 47.84
0.19
18 4.12
9
9
N. S.
6 2 27.52
12 13 23.44
19.49070
14
20 52.15
—2 41.08
0.18
18 10.89
5
4
12
N. S.
3 45 40.36
9 53 2.78
18.58816
14
20 52. 17
—0 55.14
0.07
19 56.96
3
2
N. S.
4 33 52.53
10 41 7.05
18.55478
14
20 52.17
—0 48.04
0.05
20 4.08
4
4
13
N. S.
5 44 32.98
11 47 40.01
17.50856
14
20 52.19
+1 3.38
0.06
21 55.63
17
16
14
N. S.
5 22 0.11
11 21 14.93
16.52691
11
26 39.54
—3 5.91
0.20
23 33.43
14
13
15
N. S.
4 3 20.25
9 58 52.04
15.58412
11
26 39.57
—1 42.17
0.13
24 57.27
8
9
N. S.
5 48 56.38
11 44 10.87
15,51099
11
26 39.57
—1 34.17
0.10
25 5.30
14
14
16
N. S.
3 59 48,05
9 51 24.51
14.58930
11
26 39.60
—0 21.53
0.03
26 18.04
35
34
17
N: S.
5 6 31.16
10 54 0.78
13.54582
11
26 39.63
+ 53.05
0.06
27 32.74
23
22
18
N. S.
4 37 18.94
10 20 57.43
12.56878
11
26*^39.65
+1 52.41
0,13
28 32 19
13
12
20
N. S.
4 38 42.11
10 14 28.55
10.57328
8
31 22.42
—1 15.88
0.08
30 6.46
7
7
N. S.
6 47 44.78
12 23 10.08
10.48391
8
31 22.42
-1 10.70
0.08
30 11.64
'4
4
21
N. S.
4 27 52.11
9 59 44.42
9.58351
8
31 22.46
-0 43.08
0.05
30 39.33
3
3
22
N. S.
5 13 39.03
10 41 27.92
8.55454
8
31 22.50
~0 16.15
0.02
31 6.13
12
12
23
N. S.
,4 44 23.25
10 8 21.03
7.57753
8
31 22.54
—0 0.30
0.00
31 22.24
15
15
24
N. S.
5 1 30.58
10 21 29.64
6.56841
8
31 22.57
+0 8.53
0.01
31 31.11
20
20
25
N. S.
5 1 32.01
10 17 35.16
5.57112
8
31 22.61
+0 9.33
0.01
31 31.95
20
24
26
N. S.
5 6 38.60
10 18 45.00
4.57031
8
31 22.64
+0 2.53
0.00
31 25.17
30
30
27
N. S.
5 24 41.28
10 32 48.81
3.56055
8
31 22,67
-0 11.11
0.01
31 11.55
19
20
30
N. S.
4 40 45.67
9 37 12.66
—0.59906
5
27 39.48
+2 14.71
0.15
29 54.34
16
15
31
N. S.
4 55 12.18
9 47 40.89
+0.40811
5
27 39.52
+1 38.77
0.11
29 18.41
18
18
1850.-
-Jan. 1
N. S.
4 51 23.94
9 39 57.37
1.40275
5
27 39.56
+0 54.31
0.06
28 33.93
23
22
2
N. S.
4 59 8.35
9 43 44.60
2.40538
5
27 39.66
+0 8.08
0.01
27 47.75
18
18
4
N. S.
5 11 25.28
9.48 7.99
4.40843
4
26 46.99
—0 44.86
0.05
26 2.08
25
25
6
N. S.
4 17 11.49
8 46 10.96
6.36540
4
26 47.04
—2 38.70
0.17
24 8.17
6
6
N. S.
5 54 57.53
10 23 40.99
6.43311
4
26 47.04
—2 42.26
0.18
24 4.60
3
2
7
N. S.
5 6 42.04
9 31 37.49
7.39696
4
26 47.09
—3 41.69
0.24
23 5.16
14
13
8
N. S.
5 12 55.47
9 33 53.99
8.39854
4
26 47.10
—4 44.15
0.31
22 2.64
10
10
9
N. S.
5 6 23.99
9.23 27.67
9.39129
4
26 47.15
—5 47.25
0.37
20 59.53
10
10
10
N. S.
5 30 34.80
9 43 38.61
10.40531
2
16 13.09
+3 42.94
0.24
19 56.27
9
9
11
N. S.
5 18 3.82
9 27 13.77
11.39391
2
16 13,13
+2 39.08
0.17
18 52.38
9
9
12
N. S.
5 10 26.38
9 15 41.66
12.38590
2
16 13.16
+1 34.40
0.10
17 47.66
10
10
13
N. S.
5 1 16.00
9 2 36.88
13.37682
2
16 13.19
+0 30.73
0.03
16 43.95
9
9
14
N. S.
5 20 13.40
9 17 35.26
14.38721
2
16 13.22
— 32.97
0.04
15 40.21
12
12
15
N. S.
5 17 24.21
9 10 50.62
15.38253
2
16 13.25
— 1 35.25
0.10
14 37.90
11
11
N. S.
6 35 14.69
10 28 28.35
15.43644
2
16 13.25
— 1 37.06
0.11
16 36.08
1
1
16
N. S.
5 20 11.67
9 9 41.72
16.38173
2
16 13.28
—2 35.33
0.17
13 37.78
13
13
17
N. S.
5 22 7.53
9 7 41.35
17.38034
2
16 13.30
—3 34.61
0.23
12 38.46
15
15
18
N. S.
5 25 43.74
9 7 21.06
18.38010
2
16 13.33
—4 31.77
0.29
11 41.27
12
12
19
N. S.
4 .59 16.72
8 37 2.47
19.35906
3
5 42.59
+5 10,48
0.33
10 53.40
1
1
20
N. S.
4 56 59.78
8 30 49.98
20.35474
3
5 42.62
+4 16.54
0.27
9 59.43
6
6
21
N. S.
5 18 58.35
8 48 49.05
21.36724
3
5 42.65
+3 26.01
0.22
9 8.88
9
9
22
N. S.
5 26 8.50
8 52 2.11
22.36947
3
5 42.68
+2 37.24
0.17
8 20.09
12
12
23
N. S.
5 4 44.45
8 26 45.65
23.35192
3
5 42.71
+1 52.54
0.12
7 35.37
6
6
N. S.
6 24 50.69
9 46 38.77
23.40739
3
5 42.71
+1 51.67
0.13
7 34.51
3
3
24
N. S.
5 40 17.24
8 58 16.71
24.37380
3
6 42.74
+1 10.06
0.07
6 52.87
11
11
25
N. S.
5 30 54.17
8 44 59.27
25.36458
3
5 42.-/6
+0 31.51
0.03
6 14.30
11
11
26
N. S.
5 36 34.66
8 46 42.92
26.36577
3
5 42.78
— 5.48
0.00
5 37.30
9
9
27
N. S.
5 15 38.37
8 21 54.15
27.34854
3
5 42.82
— 38.99
0.04
5 3.79
U
9
28
N. S.
5 40 9.22
8 42 25.08
28.36279
3
5 42.86
— 1 11.65
0.07
4 31.14
11
12
29
N. S.
5 24 30.34
8 22 52.85
29.34922
3
5 42.90
-1 39.03
0.10
4 3,77
11
11
\
31
N. S.
5 35 13.23
8 25 42.17
+31.35118
3
+26 5 42.94
—2 28.86
0.16
+26 3 13.92
13
13
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cxlviii
OBSERVATIONS.
B.— OBSEKVATIONS OF MAES I, WITH THE WASHINGTON EQUATOEIAL.
The following corrections and changes have been made in the series of Washington observa-
tions as given in this volume :
Page 351, November 2, Nos. 4, 5. This comparison is excluded.
352, < ' 4, No. 38, for Mars N. F. read Mars N.
353, Remarks. There is no reference to indicate the comparison alluded to.
359, November 24, No. 29, Mean of wires, for 4h.55m.2^s. 00 read ih.5Qm.29sM.
359, Remarks. Nos. 15 and 19 are included in the mean of the declinations.
361, ' ' 26, No. 74, for 1. 795 read 1. 792.
363, December 6, '' 17, '' U.lOm.SSs. 10 read 4:h.l0m.37s. 10.
<^ 27, '' 2 23. 503 read 2 33.503.
364, Comparisons Nos. 56 to 70 are excluded, as evidently containing some source of error not detected.
364, December 6, No. 68, for 2 37. 498 read 2 27. 498.
365, ' ' 11, Mars N. P., for 6 read 5.
366,. ' ' 12, No. 27, for 3. 398 read 3. 388.
368, ' * 17, Comparison No. 60 is excluded from the mean.
369, ' ' 27, Nos. 16, 17, 20, for 1. 080, 2. 061, 2. 074 read 1. 088, 2. 060, 2. 064.
371, ^ ' 31, Comparison No. 21 is excluded from the mean.
373, January 5, No. 26, for 8. 609 read 8. 069.
Comparison No. 33 is excluded from the mean.
The results of this series of observations will then be as follows, so far as they pertain to the
measurements of declinations :
Washington Observations of Mai^s during the opposition of 1849-50.
Dcite.
Star.
Chroii. time.
Chron. corr.
Limb.
A^
No. Comp.
Rev.
Arc.
h. on. s.
s.
1 II
1849.— Nov
2
B Z. 348.84
5 29 50.74
+ 43.83
S.
+ 0.324
4.98
3
5 10 5.14
43.81
N.
+ 1.681
25.84
3
4
B.Z. 348.95
4 20 37.09
49.40
N.
—20.247
5 11.23
5
4 18 13.06
49.42
S.
—21.736
5 34.12
5
i
1
5 23 35.02
49.46
N.
S.
—19.877
-21.083
5 5.54
5 24.08
7
7
1
6
B.Z, 348.95
4 17 34.45
54.47
N.
S.
-f- 0.320
— 1.129
4.92
17.35
8
8
!
12
Lai. 12557
4 39 45.41
1 5.12
N.
S.
+14.828
-1-13.020
3 47.93
3 20.14
19
19
i
1
6 7 40.32
1 5.24
N.
S.
+ 15. .^.04
+ 13.858
3 58.32
3 33.02
6
6
13
Lrl. 12557
3 55 40.23
1 6.96
N.
S.
+26.243
+24.834
6 43.40
6 21.74
15
15
24
B.Z. 5-23,106
4 22 45.71
1 27.40
s.
+ 2.104
32.34
5
4 27 48.33
1 27.40
N.
+ 3.407
52.37
5
26
Lai. 12237
4 38 16.78
1 32.34
N.
— 1.021
— 2,4.53
15.69
37.71
29
29
6 43 53,78
1 32.55
N.
S.
+ 0.286
— 1.175
4.40
18.06
11
11
Dec
6
Lai. 11714
5 9 34.32
1 53.21
s.
+20.451
5 14.37
13
5 11 49.06
1 53.21
N.
+21.853
5 35.91
11
Lai. 11684
4 44 48.40
1 53.21
S.
+14.301
3 39.83
9
4 .54 41.88
1 53.21
N.
+15.754
4 2.17
s
11
RUmkerl673
3 37 45.02
2 3.72
S.
+ 4.802
1 13.81
6
3 48 33.08
2 3,72
N.
+ 6,357
1 37.72
5
12
RLimkerieSO
4 27 9.06
2 6.42
S.
— 5.140
1 19.01
8
4 32 51.73
2 6.42
N.
— 3.638
55.92
7
17
B. Z. 405.55
4 18 44.53
2 19. 1§
N.
+ 2.991
45.98
16
4 31 51.35
-j-2 19.20
S.
+ 1.717
26.39
22
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OBSERVATIONS. CXllX
Washington Observations of Mars during the opposition of 1849-50 — Continued.
Date.
Star.
Chron. time.
Chron. corr.
Limb.
1 Ad
No. Comp.
Rev. Arc.
h. m. s.
m. s.
27
B. Z. 405.28
3 56 0.24
4-2 34.48
S. — 2.347
36.08
22
3 55 41.88
2 34.48
N. I — 1.114
17.68
20
31
B. Z. 405.15
4 6 27.96
2 46.40
S. ; + 4.451
1 8.42
13
4 9 25.92
+2 46.40
N. + 6.036
1 32.78
12
1850.— Jan. 5
B. Z. 523.15
4 2 38.35
—1 3.10
S.
— 8.097
2 4.46
13
4 25 48.43
1 3.08
N.
— 6.782
1 44.25
12
9
B. Z. 523.15
3 54 39.60
54.20
S. 1 —23.644
6 3.44
7
4 1 16.39
54.20
N. —22,638
5 47.98
7
12
B, Z. 396.4
3 40 55.25
45.67
S. ■ -f 4.824 ■ 1 14.15
8 1
3 42 30.36
45.67
N. 1 + 5.922 i 1 31.04
6
14
B. Z. 396.4
4 26 35.37
37.94
S. — 3.577 1 54.98
2 1
4 34 25.12
37.93
N. : — 2.329 35.80
2 \
22
B. Z. 405.6
4 13 11.25
21.22
S. + 8.924 : 2 17.17
11
4 18 27.31 i
21.22
N. 1 + 9.894 : 2 32.08
10
29
B. Z. 405.6
3 14 13.52 j
19.86
S. — 7.765 i 1 59.36
3
3 20 14.31
— 19.86
N. — 6.654 1 42.28
3
hiis obtain a
Till
series of ob
servations which, wl:
len arranged like those at Santiago, give
the annexed table :
MARS I.
Observations ivith the Washington Equatorial.
Date.
Obs. part.
Wash. S. T.
!
■ Wash. M. T.
t—T.
Star
No.
Star's 0.
Meas.Do.
Refr.
Obs'd 0.
No. Comp.
N.
S.
h. m. s.
! h. m. s.
d.
° / //
1 II
1849
—Nov. 2
N. S.
5 20 44.34
14 30 56.64
-58.39518
24
+24 20 21.40
+0 15.41
0.00
+24 20 36.81
3
3
4
N. S.
4 15 24.50
: 13 17 55.68
56.44588
33
24 30 54.39
—5 22.68
0.10
24 25 31.61
5
5
N. S.
5 24 24.48
! 14 26 44.35
56.39810
33
24 30 54.39
i —5 14.81
0.09
24 25 39.49
7
-.
6
N. S.
4 18 28.92
1 13 13 7.78
54.44922
33
24 30 54.33
i — 6.21
0.00
24 30 48. 12
8
8
12
N. S.
4 40 50.53
13 11 50.28
48.45011
31
24 44 .34.08
! +3 34.06
0.06
24 48 8.20
19
19
N. S.
6 8 45.56
1 14 39 30.91
48.38922
31
24 44 34.06
+3 45.70
0.06
24 48 19.84
6
6
13
N. S.
3 56 47.19
12 23 58.25
47.48335
31
24 44 34.06
' +6 32.56
0.12
24 51 6.74
15
15
24
N. S.
4 26 44.42
12 10 35.56
.36.49264
23
25 27 13.40
+ 42.36
0.00
25 27 55.76
5
5
26
N. S.
4 37 49.12
! 12 13 46.63
. 34.49043
22
25 .35 14.71
— 26.62
0.00
25 34 48.09
29
29
N. S.
6 45 26.33
i 14 21 2.93
34.40205
22
25 35 14.71
— 6.81
0.00
25 35 7.90
11
11
Dec. 6
N. S.
4 51 38.35
: 11 48 14.49
24.50817
15
26 2 7.39
+3 51.06
0.07
26 5 58.52
8
9
N. S.
5 12 34.90
1 12 9 7.60
24.49366
16
26 33.09
+5 25.14
0.10
26 5 58.33
11
13
11
N. S.
3 50 12.77
10 27 19.42
19.56436
13
26 16 22.42
+1 25.77
0.00
26 17 48.19
5
6
12
N. S.
4 32 6.82
11 5 10,69
18.53807
14
26 20 52.67
—1 7.47
0.02
26 19 44.68
7
8
17
N. S.
4 27 37.13
10 41 2.19
13.55484
11
26 26 39.62
+ 36.31
0.02
26 27 15.95
16
21
27
N. S.
3 58 25.54
9 32 36.26
— 3.602.'i6
8
26 31 22.67
- 26.82
0.00
26 30 55.85
20
22
31
N. S.
4 10 43.34
9 29 8.40
+ 0.39524
5
26 27 39.52
+ 1 20.64
0.02
26 29 0.18
12
12
1850.
—Jan. 5
N. S.
4 13 10.30
9 11 55.41
5.38328
4
26 26 47.00
-1 54.22
0.04
26 24 52.74
12
12
9
N. S.
3 57 3.80
8 40 7.90
9.36120
4
26 26 47.15
—5 55.63
0,10
26 20 51.42
7
7
12
N. S.
3 40 57.14
8 12 16.15
12.34185
2
26 16 13.15
+ 1 22.65 1
0.02
26 17 35.82
6
8
14
N. S.
4 29 52.31
8 53 11.48
14.37027
2
26 16 13.22
— 45.28
0.02
26 15 27.92
2
2
22
N. S.
4 15 28.06
8 7 22.31
22.33845
3
20 5 42,68
+2 24.63
0.04
26 8 7.35
10
11
29
N. S.
3 16 54.06
6 36 26.54
+29.27531
3
+26 5 42.88
—1 50.82
0.04
+26 3 52,02
3
3
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Cl OBSERVATIONS.
0.— OBSERVATIONS OF MARS I, WITH THE GREENWICH EQUATORIAL.
MARS I.
Observations with the Greemvich equatorial.
Date.
Obs. part.
Green. S. T.
Wash. M. T.
t—T.
Star
No.
Star's 0,
MesiS.Dd.
Ilefr.
Obs'd d.
No. Comp.
N. S.
h. m. s.
h. m. s.
d.
/ //
/ If
/ II
1849.— Nov. 26
N. S.
28 32.0
2 57 48.64
—34.87652
22
25 35 14.71
—1 47.72
0.15
25 33 26.84
2 2
30
N. S.
6 1 13.5
8 13 52.00
30.65704
20
25 45 36.56
+1 47.87
0.04
25 47 24.47
2 2
Dec. 8
C.
2 44 40
4 26 23.4
^2.81501
26 5
+5 20.47
0.]3
26 10
5
15
c.
5 8 15
6 32 1.9
15.72776
11
26 26 39.57
—2 11.77
0.04
26 24 27.76
4
27
c.
51 10
1 18 29,7
— 3.94549
8
26 31 22.67
— 24.07
0.04
26 30 58.56
6
1850— Jan. 4
N. S.
4 20 15.5
4 15 33.7
'4- 4.17748
4
26 26 46.97
— 46.22
0.02
26 26 0.73
3 3
5
N. S.
2 42 41.75
2 34 20.0
5.10717
4
26 26 47.00
—1 40.02
0.05
26 25 6.93
5 3
7
c.
3 23 46
3 7 25.7
+ 7.13016
4
26 26 47.04
—3 39.32
0.08
26 23 7.64
3
D.— OBSERVATIONS OF MARS I, WITH THE GREENWICH MURAL CIRCLE.
MARS I.
Observations with the Greenwich Mural Circle,
Date.
Obs. part.
Green. S. T.
Wash. M. T.
t—T.
Ch-cle reading.
Eefr.
Zenith.
Obs'd (5.
Semid.
/
93.32
h. m. s.
h. m. s.
d.
° 1 II
,1
//
/ //
II
1849— Nov
1
C.
6 25 25.76
10 32 1.7
— 59.56109
120 42 53.53
29.80
38.69
-f 24 17 53.56
6
C.
6 26 47.50
10 ]3 43.7
54.57380
120 30 21.33
30.35
40.22
24 30 26.74
16
C.
6 24 54.52
9 32 31.9
44.60241
120 21.70
29.82
37.01
25 23.69
30
N.
6 11 45.71
8 24 22.5
30.64974
119 13 2.50
28.32
36.35
25 47 3 J. 16
10.57
Dec.
4
N.
6 6 2.49
8 2 56.6
26.66462
119 38.80
28.47
32.79
25 59 53.74
9.98
8
N.
5 59 40.97
7 40 52.4
22.67995
118 49 50.82
27.72
32.54
26 10 42.14
10.06
15
N.
5 47 37.74
7 1 19.8
15.70741
118 36 5.22
27.23
31.87
26 24 27.24
10.38
17
N.
5 44 6.64
6 49 57.5
13.71531
118 33 32.53
27.28
31.87
26 27 2.06
8.20
19
N.
5 40 37.36
6 38 36.9
11.72318
118 31 35.47
28.07
33.78
26 28 58.54
9.90
27
N.
5 27 30.51
5 54 4.9
3.75411
118 29 38.97
27.36
35.94
26 30 58.89
8.92
28
N.
5 26 1.22
5 48 40.0
2.75787
]18 29 58.83
28.16
35.94
26 30 38.02
9.13
29
N.
5 24 34.38
5 43 17.5
— 1.76160
118 30 23.61
27.58
35.94
/
83.31
26 30 13.10
9.85
1850.— Jan.
4
N.
5 16 52.14
5 12 1.0
-f 4.21668
29.42
27.23
23.93
26 25 55.32
8.47
5
N.
5 15 45.92
5 6 59.0
5.21318
23.68
27.66
23.93
26 24 59.94
9.16
7
N.
5 13 43.91
4 57 5.6
7.20632
21.82
28.61
23.96
26 23 0.94
9.10
23
N.
5 6 2.63
3 45 31.0
23.15730
54.43
28.64
21.37
26 7 28.23
6.58
30
N.
5 7 20.55
3 20 17.3
30.13909
53.52
28.91
22.90
26 3 29.74
7.24
Feb
6
N.
5 11 6.50
2 56 31.3
37.12258
1.97
27.47
32.22
26 1 33.33
5.96
7
N.
5 11 49.75
2 53 18.5
38.12035
7.77
27.82
32.22
26 1 25.15
7.99
9
N.
5 13 24.15
2 47 0.8
40.11.598
20.27
27.56
31.89
26 1 13.78
6.79
13
S.
5 17 2.85
2 34 55.3
44.10758
28.78
28.85
33.42
26 1 5.91
6.39
16
N.
5 20 11.09
2 26 15.3
47.10156
25.71
28.36
32.90
26 1 10.14
5.14
21
C.
5 26 8.24
2 12 31.9
52.09204
21.35
27.86
32.17
26 1 19.47
22
c.
5 27 25.10
2 9 52.7
-{- 53,09019
20.20
28.09
32.06
25 1 20.28
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OBSERVATIONS, cli
E.-0B8ERVATI0NS OF MAES I, WITH THE CAPE EQUATOEIAL.
The changes made are contained in the following table, which comprises some conjectural
emendations, as well as more evident errors of reduction or observation :
Page 467, line 4, the decimation of Lalande 11946, tlie comparison star of November 25, 26, seems to be correct, but the
right ascension given is Im. too great.
471, November 21, No. 5, Arc aS, for 11' 21^^54 read 23' 2r'.54.
^'^2, '' 25, *' 2, " 13 22.93 '• 13 4.16
" ^» *'■ 13 9.90 '' 13 2.86
'' 8, '' 13 4.68 '' 13 2.34
*' 11, '' 13 0.77 '' 13 1.95
The comparison stars are Lalande 11946 and 11976, 8.
The app. declination of the latter should read 25° 35' 4".
473, November 27, No. 5, Arc AcJ for 17' 11'^. 43 read IV 22". 43. °
" 6, ^' J2 38.75 '^ 12 48.75
^'^^' " 28, '' 1, Clock '' 5A. 26m. 135. '^ 5^. 24m. 13^.
'' 3, '^ 5 30 40 - 5 31 40
" ^> " 5 39 33 " 5 38 33
475, '* 29, " 8, ArcAJ '' 15^26^01 '* 15' 27". 44
" 9, '' 13 46.39 '* 13 6.50
475, December 30, '' 3, Clock '' 5^. 24m. 40^. '' 5A. 23m. 405,
^'^^' *' 1» " 1, ArcAJ '•' 8' 23". 86 '' 8' 43". 86
^'^^' " 1. '^ 9, - 8 57.03 - 8 42.95
^^^^ " 4» *' 2, '* 15 22.12 ^* 15 28.12
'' 8, ^^ 15 41.37 - 15 41.57
** 10. " 13 27.40 *' 15 27.40
^78, - 7, - 6, - 7 0.76 - 7 1.02
'' 10, '* 6 59.04 '' 6 59.27
^79' '* 8, - 6, - 21 51.57 - 21 51.86
" '^^ " 21 61.80 '' 21 52.09
" 9, <* 21 52.84 - 21 53.13
^'^9, " 9, '* 1, Hour-circle '' 12A. 58m. 205. '' llA. 58m. 205.
'' 2, Clock '' 6 56 36 '' 5 56 36
'' 3, ArcAJ " 7'29'^56 '' 11' 50". 26
480, - 9, - 9, - 7 26.51 '^ H 47.21
" 12, '' 7 25.00 - 11 45.69
^80, " 10, '* 13, Hour-circle ** 12A. 44m. 95. '' 12A. 54m. 95.
484, *' 18, '' 1, ArcAJ *' 18' 39". 38 *' 18' 36". 38
21, ** 2, Clock ** 6A. 15m. 545. '' 6^. 14m. 545.
*' 4, *^ 6 23 30 '* 6 29 30
485, '* 21, "■ 5 to 8, Hour-circle '< 12 «« 13
485, " 22, <* 3, ArcA(J " 12^28^92 '* 12' 27^ 25
"7, '' 12 40.03 '^ 13 40.03
'' 8' '' 12 55.31 '* 13 55.31
^85, " 23, - 1, u 12 58.61 u 12 58 87
487, - 26, - 14, u 13 4.69 - 13 4.58
'* 17, - 13 13.01 - 13 15.01
" IS' " 13 2.87 '' 13 2.76
488, - 26, - 37, - 13 18.63 - 13 18.14
487, 8, ** 26, *« 8. The planet seems to have been compared throuffhont wi+i. + . .
each star. One of these is Lalande 10669 af^i^^^^^^^^ ^ J^^ ''"" "^*'
each limb; the other comparisons on mJ4««l Tt. f comparisons for
*^^ ^ther star, which is No', rio:::^^.:^!:^' '''' ''' '^ ^'^ '^' ^^'^
489, January 8,- 5, Arc AJ /or 18^ 14". 91 ..«.? 18' 32- 74
" 6, '< 13 29.24 " 9 8.55
*' 7, ^* 18 16.89 '* 18 34.72
'* ^' '' 13 45.87 *' 9 25.18
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clii
OBSERVATIONS.
489,
January-
8,
No. 9,
Arc A(5 /
or 18' 35". 81 reac? 18' 36". 81
'' 10,
' 13 34.51
' 9 13.81
'' 12,
'< 13 53.17
9 32.48
490,
it
9,
" 6,
- 8,
" 10,
" 9 49.45
9 48. 16 *
' 9 50.85
' 9 31.20
9 30.00
' 9 32. 69
491,
' '
14,
'' 2,
'' 6,
' 11 28.21
' 11 28.71
' 11 29.01
' 11 29.51
492,
((
17,
'^ 9,
- 11,
" 13,
' 13 42.48
* 13 42. 17
' 13 42. 38
' 13 42. 74
' 13 42.43
' 13 42. 64
The reductions in the Monthly Notices E.A.S. X, p. 156 having proved very useful in these
computations, a few corrigenda to the series as there given are appended :
November 21, Cape S. T., for 1h. 47m. 45^. 74 read 5h. 4:7m, 455. 74.
25, Name
25,
'' 26, ''
December 2, No. of Obs.
" 25, Excess
*' 26, Excess
H. C. 11946? " '
Anon.
H. C. 11946?
6 '
— 0' 14". 143 '
— 5. 387 '
H. C. 11946
Lalande 11976,8
H. C. 11946
4
— 0' 14". 643
+ 5. 387
After introducing these emendations, we obtain detailed results of observations as follows :
Micrometer-Observations of Mars at the Cape of Good Hope during the opposition of 1849-50.
Jd,
Date.
Limb.
No.
Hour circle.
Clock.
-X-
Micr.
Arc.
h. m. s.
h. m, s.
r.
/ //
1849.— Nov.21
N.
2
6 1 25
6 1 37
B. A. C. 2058
+23.468
10 11.80
S.
2
5 33 56
5 34 12.5
+22.774
9 53.70
N.
2
6 1 25
6 1 37
£ Greminor.
+ 2.437
1 3.54
S.
2
5 33 56
5 34 12.5
+ 1.672
43.59
22
N.
2
7 4 10
7 4 18
+10„672
4 38.22
S.
2
7 21 47
7 21 56
4-10.182
4 25.42
24
N.
2
6 42 22
Lai. 11854
+12.712
5 31.42
S.
2
6 21 48
+11.940
5 11.26
25
N.
3
6 10 47
Lai. 11946
— 2.544
1 6.32
S.
3
6 26 3
— 3.048
1 19.45
N.
3
6 10 47
Lai. 11976,8
— 8.711
3 47.08
S.
3
6 26 3
— 9.206
3 59.92
26
N.
3
6 47 3
Lai. 11946
— 5.560
2 24.95
S.
3
7 11
— 5.013
2 10.68
N.
1
6 47 3
Lai. 11976,8
+ 0.455
11.83
S.
2
7 11
+ 1.184
30.88
27
N.
7
6 44
6 1 13
Lai. 12336
+10.352
4 29.87
S.
7
6 7 43
6 7 56
+10.969
4 45.96
28
N.
6
5 58 44
5 58 56
+ 2.652
1 9.13
S.
6
6 5 36
6 5 44
+ 3.228
1 24.17
29
N.
3
6 51 11
6 51 24
— 5.277
2 17.56
S.
3
6 59 42
6 59 56
— 4.717
2 2.97
30
N.
2
5 23 7
5 23 20
—12.346
5 21.86
S.
2
5 33 9
5 33 19
—11.766
5 6.72
Dec. 1
N.
3
6 2 58
6 3 10
Lai. 12395
—10.393
4 30.94
S.
2
6 2 36
6 2 49
- 9.758
4 14.38
2
N.
2
7 16 32
7 16 38
—17.962
7 48.26
S.
2
7 33 33
7 33 39
—17.469
7 35.41
3
N,
3
6 2 18
Lai. 11684
+11.385
7 56.80
S.
3
6 11 9
+11.947
5 11.44
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OBSERVATIONS.
Micrometer-Ohservations of liars at the Cape of Good ^oj^e— Continued.
cliii
Date.
Limb.
N°.
Hour-Circle.
Clock.
■X-
Jd,
Micr.
Arc.
/i. m. s.
h. m. s.
r.
1819.— Dec. 4
N.
4
5 58 5
5 58 16
Lai. 11684
+ 4.537
1 58.28
S.
4
6 5 1
6 5 22
+ 5.080
2 12.43
5
N.
5
5 49 18
e(
- 2.031
52.93
S.
5
5 54 50
~ 1.452
37.84
6
N.
5
5 44 25
5 44 35
(C
— 8.359
3 37.92
S.
5
5 47 45
5 47 55
- 7.822
3 23.80
N.
4
6 34 49
6 35
— 8.579
3 43.64
S.
5
6 34 48
6 35
— 8.004
3 28.67
7
N.
5
5 25 22
u
—14.497
6 17.91
S.
5
5 27 55
—13.867
6 1.49
N.
5
6 8 20
+14.726
6 23.88
S.
5
6 11 8
+14.071
6 6.86
8
N.
5
5 50 58
(I
+20.311
8 49.50
S.
5
5 53 46
+19.749
8 34.80
N.
5
5 32 48
—20.556
8 55.94
S.
5
6 35 53
—19.975
8 40.73
9
N.
2
6 13 20
6 13 31
139 Taurl
+40.879
17 45.69
S.
2
6 29 45
6 29 54
+40.384
17 32.79
N.
2
6 13 20
6 13 31
Lai. 11684
+26.024
11 18.44
S.
1
6 29 45
6 29 54
+25.494
11 4.61
10
N.
2
6 50 9
6 50 12
Lai. 11108
—16.426
7 8.20
S.
2
7 5 51
7 5 57
-16.976
7 22.54
N.
2
7 57 27
7 57 30
+16.162
7 1.34
S.
2
8 15 23
8 15 24
+16.711
7 15.64
11
N.
2
6 20 49
6 20 41
Cl
+11.630
5 3.17
S.
1
6 32 16
6 32 22
+12.228
5 18.78
14
N.
5
5 48 9
5 48 15
a
— 0.978
25.49
S.
5
5 56 35
5 56 44
— 0.388
10.12
15
N.
5
5 29 23
C'
— 4.419
1 55.20
S.
5
5 34 39
— 3.853
1 40.45
16
N.
5
5 26 52
a
— 7.699
3 20.71
S.
5
5 30 9
— 7.002
3 2.53
N.
5
6 3 56
— 7.654
3 19.53
S.
5
6 3 56
— 6.994
3 2.33
N.
5
6 2l8 44
+ 7.788
3 22.97
S.
5
6 28 44
+ 7.150
3 6.44
17
N.
5
6 8 8
a
—12.436
5 24.21
S.
5
6 10 49
—11.876
5 9.60
N.
5
6 41 40
+ 8.485
3 41.19
S.
5
6 43 52
+ 7.917
3 26.38
18
N.
5
5 47
it
+12.858
5 35.19
S.
5
5 50 41
+ 12.313
5 20.98
N.
5
6 33 49
6 33 54
—12.840
5 34.73
S.
5
6 37 35
6 37 39
—12.337
5 21.61
20
N.
2
5 25 25
5 25 33
Lai. 10669
— 3.766
1 38.18
S.
2
5 33 51
5 33 59
— 4.432
1 55.53
N.
2
6 4 6
6 4 10
+ 3.798
1 39.02
S.
2
6 13 7
6 13 12
+ 4.360
1 53.65
21
N.
2
6 15 43
6 15 43
a
+ 2.472
1 4.43
S.
2
6 22 11
6 22 12
+ 3.046
1 19.41
N.
2
6 46 7
6 46 11
— 2.359
1 1.49
S.
2
6 52 55
6 52 57
— 2.982
1 17.74
22
N.
2
5 59 39
5 59 16
"
- 1.326
34.57
S.
2
6 4 33
6 4 41
— 1.931
50.31
N.
2
6 25 27
6 25 32
+ 1.474
38.43
S.
2
6 30 11
6 30 18
+ 2.039
53.16
Vo
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cliv
OBSERVATIONS.
Micrometer-Observations of Mars at the Cape of Good; Hope — Continued.
Ad
Date.
Limb.
N°.
Hour-Circle.
Clock.
^
Micr.
Arc.
h. m. s.
h. w. s.
r.
/ //
1849.— Dec.
23
N.
1
5 28 1
5 98 1
Lai. 10669
+ 0.726
18.93
S.
1
5 31 29
5 31 29
+ 1.248
32.53
25
N.
5
5 7 4
5 7 17
((
4- 0.252
6.. 56
S.
5
5 9 30
5 9 52
+ 0.832
21.69
N.
5
5 37 20
5 37 28
-}- 0.262
6,86
S.
5
5 39 53
5 40 1
4- 0.860
22.43
26
N.
5
4 44 15
((
-}- 0.468
12.19
S.
5
4 49 36
Gen. Cat. N°.8
+ 1.039
27.06
N.
5
5 33 6
— 0.492
12.82
S.
5
5 35 5
+ 0.079
2.06
29
N.
3
5 26 55
5 27 2
Lai. 10669
-f 2.643
1 8.91
S.
2
5 27 22
5 27 26
+ 3.220
1 23.94
30
N.
1
"
+ 3.827
1 39.77
1850.— Jan
7
N.
2
5 33 47
5 34 12
B. A. C. 1562
—23.990
10 25.40
S.
2
5 55 21
5 55 26
—23.436
10 10.94
8
N.
1
4 46 53
4 47
B.A.C. 1562
—14.390
8 15.13
S.
1
5 2 54
5 3 2
—13.789
7 58.47
N.
2
5 48 52
5 48 58
-21.619
9 23.60
S.
2
6 9 13
6 9 20
—21.060
9 9.02
9
c.
4
5 44 34
5 13 8
li
—18.933
8 13.57
10
c.
4
5 18 10
5 18 19
"
—16.538
7 11.14
11
N.
2
5 27 14
5 27 22
"
—14.270
6 12.00
S.
2
5 45 16
5 45 23
—13.796
5 59.46
12
N.
2
5 37 40
5 37 43
((
—11.744
5 6.17
S.
2
5 53 42
5 53 52
—11.302
4 54.64
14
N.
3
5 26 27
5 26 44
a
— 6.937
3 0.83
S.
3
5 40 40
5 40 55
— 6.454
2 48.26
15
N.
3
5 2 30
5 2 47
a
— 4.538
1 58.30
S.
3
5 16 40
5 16 56
— 4.112
1 47.20
16
N.
3
5 40 25
5 40 37
u
— 2.221
57.91
S.
3
5 44 20
5 44 12
— 1.733
45.25
17
N.
3
5 10 55
5 11 3
a
— 0.027
0.69
S.
3
5 23 43
5 24 13
+ 0.481
12.55
c.
1
4 50 23
4 50 31
4- 0.202
5.27
These reductions rarely afford precisely tlie same figures as are given in the Memoirs and
Monthly Notices of the Eoyal Astronomical Society, although only few cases occur in which the
discordance reached an amount capable of sensibly affecting the results. This seems best expli-
cable upon the assumption that some little excess of delicacy was used at the Cape in points
where the consequent accuracy was not thought to warrant fuller minuteness in publication, inas-
much as the effect would not be appreciable. In such instances, the figures published by Mr.
Maclear have been employed ; and the only deviations from the values given by that zealous and
accomplished astronomer are for those cases in which the discordance is clearly due to some
oversight in the reduction. This remark applies especially to the Cape sidereal times of
observation, which appear to be means between the corrected indications of the clock and those
of the hour-circle, and in which the want of entire accordance seems owing merely to some
slight difference in tlie assumed correction of the ephemeris in right-ascension.
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OBSERVATIONS.
clv
MARS I.
Observations ivith the Cape Equatorial,
Date.
Obs. part
. Cape S.T.
Wash. M.l
. t—T.
Star
N°.
Star's 8.
Corrected
Meas'd J d
. Kefr.
Obs'd d.
N°. of
conip.
N. S.
h. m, s.
h. m. s.
d.
1849.~Nov. 21
N. S.
5 47 45.74
7 22 6.74
-39.69298
21
+25 7 10.18
+10 3.41
1 II
+10 2.75
II
0.66
+25°17 13.59
2 2
N. S.
5 47 45.74
7 22 6.74
39.69298
35
16 18.21
+ 53.62
+ 53.56
0,06
17 11.83
2 2
22
N. S.
7 13 0.94
8 43 12.06
38.63666
35
16 18.20
+ 4 32.12
+ 4 31.82
0.30
20 50.32
2 2
24
N. S.
6 32 8.96
7 54 34.96
36.67043
17
22 14,04
+ 5 21.69
+ 5 21.34
0.35
27 35.73
2 2
25
N. S.
6 18 31.45
7 37 3.77
35.68260
18
32 12.47
- 1 12.96
— 1 12.88
0.08
30 59.51
3 3
N. S.
6 18 31.45
7 37 3.77
35.68260
19
34 53.25
— 3 53.75
— 3 53.50
0.25
30 59.50
3 3
26
N. S.
6 53 ^.72
8 8 11.37
34.66098
18
32 12.46
+ 2 17.96
+ 2 17.81
0.15
34 30.42
3 3
27
N. S.
6 4 18.30
7 15 1.13
33.69790
25
42 22.65
— 4 38.21
— 4 37.91
0.30
37 44.44
7 7
28
N. S.
6 2 15.44
7 9 2.70
32.70205
25
42 22.64
— 1 16.73
- 1 16.65
0.08
41 5.91
6 6
29
N. S.
6 55 30.81
7 58 13.43
31.66790
25
42 22.63
+ 2 10.41
+ 2 10.26
0.15
44 33.04
3 3
30
N. S.
5 28 15.58
6 27 16.58
30.73106
25
42 22.61
+ 5 14.65
+ 5 14.29
0.36
47 37.26
2 2
Dec. 1
N. S.
6 2 55.97
6 57 55.39
29.70978
27
46 29.94
+ 4 22.95
+ 4 22.66
0.29
50 52.89
3 2
2
N. S.
7 25 1.93
8 15 51.98
28.65565
27
25 46 29.94
+ 7 42-39
+ 7 41.83
0.56
54 12.33
2 2
3
N. S.
6 3 29.66
6 50 36.96
27.71485
15
26 2 7.37
— 5 4.46
— 5 4.12
0.34
25 57 2.91
3 3
4
N. S.
6 1 40.38
6 44 52.27
26.71884
15
2 7.37
— 2 5.49
— 2 5.35
0.14
26 1.88
4 4
5
N. S.
5 52 5.85
6 31 23.39
25.72820
15
2 7.38
+ 45.44
+ 45.39
0.05
2 52.82
5 5
6
N. S.
6 9 45.87
6 45 4.61
24.71870
15
2 7.39
+ 3 33.75
+ 3 33.51
0.24
5 41.14
10 10
7
N. S.
5 48 18.48
6 19 44.83
23.73629
15
2 7.40
+ 6 12.46
+ 6 12.04
0.42
8 19.86
10 10
8
N. S.
6 13 26.43
6 40 52.75
22.72161
15
2 7.41
+ 8 45.83
+ 8 45.24
0.59
10 53.24
10 10
9
N. S.
6 24 47.88
6 48 16.42
21.71648
15
26 2 7.43
+ 11 12.29
+ 11 11.52
0.77
13 19.72
2 1
N. S.
6 21 37.20
6 45 6.26
21.71868
J2
25 55 38.50
+17 40.45
+17 39.24
1.21
13 18.95
2 2
10
N. S.
7 32 9.79
7 51 31.39
20.67255
10
26 22 54.52
— 7 12.51
— 7 11.94
0.57
15 42.01
4 4
11
]\.S.
6 24 39.74
6 40 16.48
19.72203
10
22 54.54
— 5 11.33
— 5 10.97
0.3S
17 43.21
2 1
14
N. S.
5 52 25.34
5 56 19.63
16.75255
10
22 54.61
+ 17.83
+ 17.81
0.02
23 12.44
5 5
15
N. S.
5 32 6.06
5 32 7.77
15.76936
10
22 54.63
+ 1 47.94
+ 1 47.82
0.12
24 42.57
5 5
16
N. S.
5 28 35.44
5 24 41.81
14.77452
10
22 54.65
+ 3 11.84
+ 3 11.62
0.22
26 6.49
5 5
N. S.
6 16 21.04
6 12 19.59
14.74144
10
22 54.65
+ 3 13.04
+ 3 12.82
0.22
26 7.69
10 10
17
N. S.
6 26 8.30
6 18 9.34
13.73739
10
22 54.66
+ 4 25.6.5
+ 4 25.31
0.31
27 20.31
10 10
18
N. S.
6 12 18.28
6 25.67
12.74970
10
22 54.68
+ 5 28.51
+ 5 28.13
0.38
28 23.19
10 10
20
N. S.
5 49 10.66
5 29 30.01
]0. 77118
9
31 46.49
— 1 46.72
— 1 46.60
0.12
29 59.77
4 4
21
N. S,
6 34 13.76
6 10 29.83
9.74271
9
31 46.52
— 1 8,09
- 1 S.OO
0.09
30 38.43
4 4
22
N. S.
6 15 1.00
5 47 24.30
8.75875
9
31 46.55
— 44.17
— 44.12
0.05
31 2.38
4 4
23
N. S.
5 29 48.99
4 58 23.78
7.79278
9
31 46.58
— 25.76
— 25.73
0.03
31 20.82
1 1
24
C.
6 32 20.22
5 56 48.85
6.75221
9
31 46.61
— 16.00
~ 15.98
0.02
31 30.61
3
25
N. S.
5 8 26.05
4 29 12.53
5.81305
9
31 46.64
— 14.15
— 14.13
0.02
31 32.49
5 5
N. S.
5 38 42.35
4 59 23.87
5.79209
9
31 46.64
— 14.66
— 14.64
0.02
31 31.98
5 5
26
N. S.
4 47 2.67
4 3 56.74
4.83059
9
31 46 68
-- 19.65
— 19.63
0.02
31 27.03
5 5
N. S.
5 34 9.63
4 50 55.98
4.79796
8
31 22.64
+ 5.39
+ 5.38
0.01
.31 28.03
5 5
29
N. S.
5 27 13 31
4 32 13.06
— 1.81096
9
31 46.78
— 1 16.51
— 1 16.42
0.09
30 30.27
3 2
1850.-
-Jan. 7
N. S.
5 44 46.65
4 14 20.32
+ 7.17662
13 59.86
+10 18.89
+ 10 18.17
0.72
23 18.75
2 2
8
N. S.
5 59 5.12
4 24 40.54
8.18380
12 59.89
+ 9 16.97
+ 9 16.31
0.66
22 16.86
2 2
9
C.
5 13 4.80
3 34 51.85
9.14921
12 59.92
+ 8 14.13
+ 8 13.57
0.56
21 14,05
4
10
c.
5 18 14.70
3 36 4.99
10.15006
12 59.95
+ 7 11.63
+ 7 11.14
0.49
20 11.58
4
11
N. S.
5 36 18.51
3 50 9.96
11.15984
12 59.98
+ 6 6.16
+ 6 5.74
0.42
19 6.14
2 2
32
N. S.
5 45 44.58
3 55 38.54
12. 16364
13 0.01
+ 5 0.75
+ 5 0.40
0.35
18 0.76
2 2
14
N. S.
5 33 37.05
3 35 41. 18
14.14978
13 0.06
+ 2 54.74
+ 2 54.54
0.20
15 54.80
3 3
15
N. S.
5 9 40.33
3 7 52.47
15.13047
13 0.09
+ 1 52,88
— 1 52,75
0.13
14 52.97
3 3
16
N. S.
5 42 26.16
3 36 37.03
16.15043
13 0.12
+ 51.64
— 51.58
0.06
J3 51.76
3 3
~
17
N. 0. S.
5 13 34.02
3 3 53.70
+17.12770
1 ^
-26 13 0.14
— 5.85
— 5.84
0.01 -1
-26 12 54.29
3 1 3
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clvi
OBSERVATIONS.
F.— OBSEEVATIONS OF MAES I. WITH THE CAPE MUEAL CIEOLE.
To be corrected in the Memoirs E.A.S., vol. xx.
Page 99, November 24, Observed Z. D., /or ^^".Q2read 33". 62.
104, December 12, App. K. A., " 5/i. 53m. '* 5A. 52m.
105, " 12, H. C. 11946 "68 39.55 "6 7 39.55
MARS I.
Observations ivith the Cape Ilural Circle .
t—T.
I
Obs'd 8,
'^°. Comp.
Date.
Obs. part.
Cape S.T.
Wash. M.T.
Obs'd Zen. Dist.
Refr.*
N. S.
h. in. s.
h. m. s.
d.
o / //
/ //
o 1 II
1849.— Nov
18
N. S.
6 23 48.04
8 9 50.86
— 42.65983
59 3 11.00
1 34.96
+ 25 7 8.00
1 1
19
N. S.
6 23 8.14
8 5 15.17
41.66302
6 33.22
1 34.62
10 30.22
1 1
21
N. S.
6 21 36.84
7 55 52.30
39.66953
13 20.13
1 36.28
17 17.13
1 1
22
N. S.
7 51 5.18
38.67286
16 49.76
1 34.74
20 46.76
1 1
24
N. S.
6 18 51.51
7 41 19.69
36.67963
23 19.85
1 36.63
27 16.85
1 1
25
N. S.
7 36 22.43
35.68307
26 58.27
1 37.66
30 55.27
1 1
27
N. S.
6 15 35.71
7 26 16.69
33.69008
33 50.62
1 36.83
37 47.62
3 2
28
N.S.
6 14 23.48
7 21 8.75
32.69365
37 11.42
I 36.93
41 8.42
3 2
29
N.S.
7 15 57.56
31.69725
40 30.51
1 36.49
44 27.51
1 2
30
N.S.
6 11 49.46
7 10 43.33
30.70089
43 43.13
1 38.37
47 40.13
1 2
Dec
. 1
N.S.
7 5 26.18
29.70456
46 55.53
1 38.91
50 52.53
2 1
2
N.S.
6 9 3.91
7 6.41
28.70826
50 5.73
1 37.37
54 2.73
2 2
3
N. S.
6 54 43.72
27.71199
53 7.80
1 36.98
57 4.80
1 1
4
N. S.
6 49 18.46
26.71576
59 56 7.68
1 37.36
26 4.68
2 2
6
N.S.
6 38 20.74
24.72337
60 1 43.96
1 37.84
26 5 40.96
2 2
7
N.S.
6 32 48.70
23.72721
4 24.53
1 37.62
8 21.53
2 1
8
N.S.
6 27 14.75
22.73108
6 56.08
1 37.61
10 53.08
2 2
9
N. S.
6 21 39.22
21.73496
9 21.74
1 39.27
13 18.74
2 2
10
N.S.
5 56 25.05
6 16 2.34
20 „ 73886
11 34.70
1 38.77
15 31.70
2 2
11
N.S.
5 54 42.00
6 10 23.65
19.74278
13 43.08
1 38.68
17 40.08
2 , 2
12
N.S.
5 52 58.33
6 4 44.38
18.74671
15 41.78
1 40.14
19 38.78
1 1
14
N. S.
5 49 28,74
5 53 23.52
16.75459
19 14.75
1 40.39
23 11.75
2 2
15
N. S.
5 47 43.14
5 47 42.29
15.7.5854
20 48,62
1 39.39
24 45.62
2 2
16
N.S.
5 45 57.60
5 42 1.12
14.76249
22 9.43
1 38.22
26 6.43
1 1
17
N. S.
5 44 12.23
5 36 20.14 .
13.76643
23 28.56
1 39.03
27 23.56
2 2
18
N.S.
5 42 27.16
5 30 39.44
12.77038
24 25.64
1 39.48
28 22.64
2 2
20
N. S.
5 38 59.22
5 19 20.24
10.77824
26 3,29
1 40.96
30 0.29
1 1
21
, N.S.
5 37 16.80
5 13 42.20
9.78215
26 39.46
1 40.98
30 36.46
2 2
22
N.S.
5 8 5.26
8.78505
27 6.13
1 40.09
31 3.13
2 2
23
N. S.
5 33 55.59
5 2 29.71
7.78993
27 23.56
1 39.28
31 20.56
2 2
24
N. S.
5 32 17.64
4 56 55.95
6.79380
27 32.29
1 40.98
31 29.29
2 2
26
N.S.
5 29 7.21
4 45 54.38
4.80145
27 30.07
1 39.46
31 27.07
2 2
27
N.S.
5 27 35.16
4 40 26.67
3.80525
27 18.95
1 40,10
31 15.95
2 2
29
N.S.
5 24 38.73
4 29 38.90
— 1.81874
26 34.42
1 39.55
30 31.42
2 2
31
N. S.
5 20 53.05
4 18 2.01
+ 0.17919
25 26.70
1 40.63
29 23.70
2 2
1850.— Jan
. 3
N. S.
5 18 5.27
4 3 26.96
3.16906
23 13.48
1 38.82
27 10.48
2 2
4
N. S.
5 16 55.66
3 58 21.63
4.16553
22 21,07
1 38.69
26 18.07
2 2
7
N.S.
5 13 46.97
3 43 25.70
7.15516
19 22.25
1 40.34
23 19.25
1 1
8
C.
5 12 50.86
3 38 33.86
8.15178
18 21.23
1 39.47
22 18.23
4
9
c.
5 11 58.33
3 33 45.56
9.14844
17 22.09
1 39.51
21 19.09
1
10
c.
5 11 9.31
3 29 0.77
10.14515
16 17.41
1 37.98
20 14.41
5
11
c.
5 10 23.91
3 24 19.58
11.14189
15 11.24
1 37.84
19 8.24
5
12
c.
5 9 42.22
3 19 42.08
12.13868
14 7.97
1 39.22
18 4.97
5
14
c.
5 8 29.71
3 10 37.95
14.13238
12 0.97
1 38.24
15 57.97
5
15
c.
5 7 58.35
3 6 10.76
15.12929
10 58.99
1 38.61
14 55.99
4
16
c.
5 7 31.91
3 1 48.49
16.12626
9 57.81
1 38.36
13 54.81
5
17
c.
2 57 29.13
-f- 17.12325
60 9 0,22
1 37.46
-f 26 12 57.22
5
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OBSERVATIONS.
clvi
a.— OBSEEVATIONS OF MAES I. WITH THE CAMBRIDGE EQUATOEIAL.
A comparatively large number of observations of right-ascension only are given in the present
volume; as these however not only have no relation to the problem before us, but are incapable,
under any circumstances, of furnishing a trustworthy value for the parallax, (s. Astronomical
Journal, W. 103,) they have not been critically examined. To the observations for declination
the following corrections or modifications have been applied :
Page 453, November 15, 16. The ''unknown star" is the comparison-star of the preceding day.— (Bessel Z. 348.)
^^^» " l^j 1'^' The comparisons were evidently with the south limb, not the north.
Mean aJ, for 3' 34^'. 69 read 0' 34'^ 69.
The planet was south of Bessel Z. 405, not north.
There is some undetected error here.
The comparisons are neither accordant with one another nor with the mean. The second
series, upon reduction, gives aJ ~ 0^ 34'^ 10 — 0". 02 = 0^ 34^^ 08 ; but even then the
difference between the north and south limb is nearly twice the diameter of the planet.
The comparisons will, if used as follows, give nearly the average accordance with the
Ephemeris :
Mars, S. limb, N. of Bessel 405.
Chron. Corr. Sid. time. Microm.
457, December 17.
458,
458, "
459, January
27.
29,30.
1.
Adopted
zero.
\h. 54m. 40s. 8. 59s. 4. Ih. 53m. 41s. 4.
and the values have been assumed.
^60, "■ 5, results, line 1^ Mean aJ, for V 45^ 10 read 2' 4". 10.
3, '' '' 1 45 .01 '' 2 4 .01
460, " 5, '<■ 3, Microm. *' 8r. 394 '* 18r. 394
Micrometer
Rev. Arc.
Corr.
AJ
53r.428. 50r. 034. 3r. 394 33". 26 —0.02 33.24
The Cambridge series will then be as follows :
MARS I.
Ohservations with the Camhridge Eqiiatoriah
Date.
Obs. part.
Camb. S.T.
Wash. M.T.
t-T,
Star
No.
Star's d.
Mcas.i)^.
Refr.
Obs'd ^.
N-'. comp.
N. S.
h. m. s.
h. in, s.
(1.
° 1 II
1849
—Nov. 14
N. S.
6 42 8.05
14 41 18.46
—46,38798
34
+24 57 13.56
—2 35.52
0/^05
+24 54 37.99
3 4
15
N.
9 50 9.35
17 44 53.04
45.26050
30
25 1 46.63
—3 22.56
.08
58 23.99
1
S.
10 2 51.01
17 57 32.62
45.25171
34
.24 57 13.53
+ 54.36
.02
24 58 7.91
3
16
N. S.
2 41 22.98
10 33 21.00
44.56017
30
25 1 46.60
—1 14.59
.04
25 31.97
4 4
S.
10 32 16.55
18 22 57.42
44.23406
30
1 46.60
— 18.07
.01
1 28.52
2
§1
N. S.
3 21 13.46
10 53 25.41
39.54623
26
14 16.54
+3 8.46
.07
17 25.07
5 10
N. S.
10 14 48.29
17 47 52.16
39.25842
26
14 16.54
+4 6.13
.11
18 22.78
5 6
26
S.
10 58 38.65
18 9 56.11
34.24310
22
35 14.71
+ 11.95
.01
35 26.67
5
30
N. S.
10 44 31.67
17 50 7.80
30.25685
20
25 45 36.56
+3 12.02
.10
25 48 48.68
1 6
Dec. 6
C.
11 50 52.75
18 22 42.54
24.23423
26 9
—2 1.51
.14
26 6
3
11
N. S.
55 21.97
7 9 19.60
19.70206
13
16 22.42
-j-1 3.55
.04
17 26,01
5 3
12
N.
1 59 3.17
8 8 54.46
18.66048
19
+ 3.00
00
19
1
17
N.
2 10 4.80
8 14.63
13.66650
11
26 39.62
+ 34.67
.01
27 14.30
4
18
S.
3 4 49.77
8 50 54.81
12.63131
29
—I 6.52
.02
28
\
21
S.
2 36 14.38
8 10 36.38
9.65930
29
+ 51.06
.02
30
5
27
N.
2 43 36.12
7 54 21.44
3.67058
8
31 23.67
- 18.41
.01
31 4.25
5
28
S.
1 44 1.50
6 51 0.67
2.71458
7
26 58.30
+3 35.28
.08
30 33.66
2
N. S.
3 11 3.90
8 17 48.81
2.65430
7
26 58.30
+3 40.64
0.07
30 39.01
5 5
29
N.
12 17 13.70
17 18 33.22
— 1.27878
6
34 2.00
—3 51.91
1.45
30 8.64
4
31
S.
6 4 1.98
10 58 30.81
+ 0.45730
5
27 39.52
-f-1 11.03
0.02
28 50.57
12
1850.
—Jan. 1
S.
1 53 41.40
6 44 55.34
1.28120
5
27 39.56
+ 33.24
.01
28 12.81
11
4
N.
1 46 58.82
6 26 26.13
4.26836
4
26 46.97
— 46.05
.02
26 0.90
4
5
N. S.
4 44 31.07
9 19 33.38
5.38858
4
26 47.01
-1 55.41
.04
24 51.56
5 5
6
S.
1 35 31.77
6 7 9.13
6.25497
4-26 21
+3 0.10
.07
26 23
7
10
s.
2 26 28.06
6 42 13.44
-flO. 27-932
+3 33,80
0.07
7
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clviii OBSERVATIONS,
H.— OBSEEYATIONS OF MAES I. WITH THE ATHENS MEEIDIAN-OIECLE.
The observations of Mars at Athens were made by Professor Bouris, then Director of the
observatory at that place, for the special purpose of proving useful in connection with the labors
of Lieut. Gilliss at Santiago, the meridian- circle being the only instrument at the observatory
available for the purpose. A full description of the measurements and their results, together
with an extended discussion, is given by Mr. Bouris in the Astronomisclie Nachrichten, vol.
XXXVII, pp. 153-188. On only four nights was the observation of /9 Taiiri omitted ; and,
in general, the choice of other stars was guided by the programme of Ifars-culminating stars
in the London Nautical Almanac for 1849. The readings of the alhidade-level and the correc-
tions for refraction computed in triplicate by Mr. Bouris are there given, and after such pains-
taking zeal on his part, it has seemed superfluous to renew any part of the computation. I
have consequently-adopted the values of the correction for refraction as given by this astronomer.
The only typographical errors to be noticed are :
Page 165, Nov. 26, 5 Geminorum, Circle-reading, /or 346° 30' 44^63, r^oJ 346° 29' 44^63.
Dec. 14, 1937 B.A C, Level, for 2^^08, read 2''. 80.
167, Jan. 2, for 1648 Hist. C61., read 1648 B.A.C.
il O it li ii ii ii ii
5, *' '^ '' " ''
168, 6, 10669, H. C. Result, /or 34".50, read Sl^'.SO.
169, 15, Mars N. Circle-reading, /or 348^17' 21". 50, read 348^ 18' 21".50.
171, Feb. 1-10, /or 1754, Hist. Cel., read 1754 B. A. C.
The diaphragm of the Athens circle was provided with two fixed horizontal threads, at a dis-
tance from one another which Mr. Bouris gives as 26^^ To insure variety of circumstance, and
for other reasons mentioned in his article already cited. Professor Bouris adopted the practice of
observing with the two threads alternately, using the one on the even^ the other on the odd days
of the month, analogously to the rule which he followed for guiding his selection of the limb
to be observed.
The first question for consideration^ therefore^ is to deduce from the materials furnished the
best value for the distance of these threads. The following table presents in a compact form the
data as obtained from the values of the zenith-distance of the zero-pointy afforded by the indi-
vidual observations. Denoting the two threads by the letters A and B, the former being the
upper, (or that one which furnishes the larger circle-reading for the observation, and the smaller
for the zenith-distance of the zero-point,) the table will explain itself. The columns headed
^'Sum" present the sum-total of the seconds, belonging to the distance upon the graduated arc.
From the sums at the foot of the columns, we deduce the adopted value of the thread-inierval
27'^299, which has been employed through the whole series ; careful scrutiny having failed to
detect either any gradual or any sudden and permanent change in this value during the entire
series of ilfars-observations.
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OBSERVATIONS.
clix
Interval of Declination-threads in the Athens Meridian- Circle.
A,
B.
Mean.
^
Name.
B—A.
N°. Obs.
Sum.
N°. Obs.
Sum.
A,
B,
a
B. A. C. 1648 .
1
11,2
2
80,3
11.20
40.15
28.95
b
/?Tauri . . .
17
217.9
17
680.3
12.82
40.02
27.20
c
118 Tauri . .
6
62.3
5
192.6
10.38
38.52
28.14
d
B.A. C. 1754 .
7
96.2
7
279,2
13.74
39.89
26.15
e
125 Tauri . .
1
12.3
3
115.2
12.30
38.40
26.10
/
B. A. C. 1937 .
14
192.0
]3
536.1
13.71
41.24
27.58
S
5 Greminorum .
2
25.7
2
85.6
12.86
42.78
29.92
1
B. A. C. 1562 .
7
94.7
6
243.7
13.53
40,62
27.09
9
Lai. 10669 . .
8
87.6
6
226.8
10.95
37.80
26.85
10
Lai. 11108 . .
9
124,9
8
330,5
13.88
41.31
27.43
12
139 Tauri . .
2
24.4
3
117.4
12.20
39.13
26.93
15
Lai. 11684 . .
1
12.1
12.07
17
Lai. 11854 . .
1
37.2
37.22
18
Lai. 11946 . .
1
42.7
42.71
21
B. A. C. 2058 .
1
11.9
11.91
25
Lai. 12336 . .
1
12.2
1
39.2
12.15
39.23
27.08
35
s Greminorum ,
Sum . . .
1
11.9
1
39.6
11.91
39,56
27.65
78
997.3
76
3046.4
12.785
40.084
27.299
The thread A has been taken as the standard, and all the circle-readings corresponding to
observations with B, are reduced by subtracting the assumed distance between the two threads
The observations on the successive days hardly permit any trustworthy inferences regarding the
fluctuations of the zenith-point, but show the nonexistence of any progressive change. They
are here given in full detail in the table of circle-readings.
In this table all the observations of each star are grouped together ; the columns headed
Level and Refraction being taken directly from Professor Bouris's paper. The apparent decli-
nations of the stars observed have been deduced'from the list of mean places and^constants for
reduction to the apparent equinox, given at the close of the preceding division of this article
The ninth column, headed Zero of circle, gives the declination corresponding to the circle-
reading 0°, or, in other words, the distance of the equator-point for the thread A from the zero
of graduation, as indicated by each observation.
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clx
OBSERYATIONS,
Circle-readings of Stars observed at Athens in connexion with Mars I,
No.
Name.
Date.
Circle.
Level.
Refraction.
Corr'd reading.
Star's 8,
Zero of circle.
o / //
//
//
o / //
1 II
/ //
h
{3 Tauri
1849.— Nov. 22
350 31 24.00
—4.16
-9.57
350 31 10.27
+28 28 22.3
37 57 12.0
23
30 58.00
4.24
9.62
30 44.14
22.4
11.0
25
30 52.63
2.24
9.41
30 40.98
22.5
14.2
26
31 20.75
1.44
9.28
31 10.03
22.5
12.5
28
31 21.88
1.36
9.51
31 11.01
22.6
11.6
29
30 50.75
0.08
9.67
30 41.00
22.6
14.3
30
31 18.50
0.40
9.66
31 8.44
22.7
14.3
Dec. 4
31 23.00
4.08
9.66
31 9.26
22.9
13.6
9
30 56.38
1.52
9.71
30 45.15
23.1
10.7
J4
31 24.63
2.08
9.77
31 12.78
23.2
10.4
15
30 56.13
1.28
9.84
30 45.01
23.3
11.0
16
31 23.88
2.08
9.73
31 12.07
23.4
11.3
17
30 51.63
0.24
9.69
30 41.70
23.4
14.4
19
30 56.88
1.52
9.64
30 45.72
23.5
10.5
21
30 58.25
2.64
9.59
30 46.02
23.6
10.3
22
31 22.13
—0.48
9.64
31 12.01
23.7
11.7
^
23
30 52.50
+1.04
9.57
30 43.97
23.7
12.4
24
31 20.50
—0.40
9.53
31 10.57
23.8
13.2
28
31 21.13
1.76
9.46
31 9.91
24.0
13.1
29
30 53.00
1.44
9.49
30 42.07
24.0
14.6
1850 Jan. 1
30 53.38
—1.60
9.58
30 42.20
24.1
14.6
8
31 18.25
0.00
9.67
31 8.58
24,5
15.9
10
31 19.25
4-1.92
9.62
31 11.55
24.6
13.0
15
30 53.83
—0.08
9.74
30 43.81
24.8
13.7
19
30 56.00
—1.92
9.54
30 44.54
24.9
13.1
26
31 20.25
+0.24
9.80
31 10.69.
25.2
14.5
27
30 51.50
2.24
9.49
30 44.25
25.2
13.6
29
30 54.38
1.04
9.87
30 45.55
25.3
12.4
Feb. 1
31 23.00
1.44
10.18
31 14.26
25.3
11.0
2
31 20.50
+0.88
9.83
31 11.55
25.4
13.8
3
30 55.75
—0.56
9.79
30 45.40
25.4
12.7
4
31 22.13
+0.16
9.67
31 12.62
25.4
12.8
5
30 55.75
—0.56
9.66
30 45.53
25.5
12.7
10
31 20.63
+1.68
9.70
31 12.61
25.6
13.0
12.76
21
B. A. C. 2058
1849.— Nov. 22
347 10 15.75
—4.40
13.06
347 9 58.29
+25 7 10.2
37 57 11.9
35
g Geminorum
1849.— Nov. 22
347 19 23.25
—4.08
12.90
347 19 6.27
+25 16 18.2
37 57 11.9
23
18 56.25
—4.80
12.91
18 38.54
18.1
12.3
12.10
17
H. C. 11854
1849.— Nov. 23
347 24 53.75
—4.16
12.81
347 24 36.78
+25 22 14.0
37 57 10.2
S
5 Geminorum
1849.— Nov. 25
346 29 16.00
—2.32
13.52
346 29 0.16
+24 26 43.5
37 57 16.0
26
29 44.63
0.24
13.35
30 31.04
43.5
12.5
28
29 46.88
—2.96
13.67
29 30.25
43.5
13.3
29
29 14.63
+0.56
13.90
29 1.29
43.4
14.9
14.18
18
H. C. 11946
1849.— Nov. 25
347 34 44.25
—2.16
12.40
347 34 29.69
+25 32 12.4
37 57 15.4
25
H. 0. 12336
1849.— Nov. 28
347 45 24.63
—1.84
12.34
347 45 10.45
+25 42 22.6
37 57 12.2
29
44 55.75
+0.16
12.54
44 43.37
22.6
11.9
12.05
/
B. A. C. 1937
1849.— Dec. 4
347 29 34.25
-4.16
12.80
347 29 17.29
+25 26 31.6
37 57 14.3
14
29 36.13
2.08
12.96
29 20.37
31.7
11.3
15
29 6.50
0.72
13.02
28 52.76
31.8
11.7
16
29 33.88
—1.44
12.89
29 19.55
31.8
12.2
17
29 2.25
+0.32
12.84
28 49.73
31.8
14.8
19
29 6.25
—1.44
12.77
28 52.04
31.8
12.5
21
29 7.13
—2.16
12.75
28 52.22
31.9
12.4
22
29 32.00
+0.16
12.77
29 19.39
31.9
12.5
23
29 2.75
1.44
12.70
28 51.49
31.9
13.1
24
29 32.25
+0.64
12.66
29 20.23
31.9
11.7
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OBSERVATIONS. cll^i
Cirde'readings of Stars observed at Athens in connection with Mars I— Continued.
No
. 1 Name.
Date.
\ Circle.
Level.
Refraction.
j
Corr'd reading, j Star's d.
i
Zero of circle
i
1
/
B. A. C. 193
1 1849.-Dee. 2.
!
i 347 29 30.25
//
-0.56
12.55
/ //
347 29 17.14
j o / //
j +25 26 32.0
1 ° 1 II
\ 37 57 14.9
21
) 29 2.88
0.00
12.61
28 50.27
1 32.0
1 14.4
1850.— Jan. 2 ; 29 31.88
+0.72
12.82
29 19.78
1
1 32.1
12.3
:
3 29 4.75
—0.72
12.74
28 51.29
32.1
13.5
l
! 29 5.63
—1.92
12.82
28 50.89
32.2
1 14.0
i €
1 29 28.88
+1.U4
12.86
1 29 17.06
1 32.2
1 15.1
j
1 ^
29 28.13
+0.96
12.84
1 29 16.25
32.3
16.0
18
\ 29 5.63
: —0.88
12.66
j 28 52.09
i 32.6
13.2
26
\ 29 29.88
+0.24
12.99
29 17.13
i 32.9
\ 15.8
1
27
29 2.50
0.56
12.59
28 50.47
1 32.9
15.1
29
\ 29 3.13
1.36
13.11
28 51.38 1 33.0
i 14.3
Feb. 1
29 30.75
3.52
13.54
29 20.73 33.1
1
i 12.4
1 2
1
29 28.50
+1.52
13.03
29 16.99 33.1
i 16.1
3
29 5.38
—1.20
12.96
28 51.22
33.1
j 14.6
1 "^
29 32.75
+0.16
12.81
29 20.10
33.2
i 13.1
5
29 3.75
—0 64
12.80
28 50.31
33.2
15.6
10
29 30.38
+1.60
12.86
29 19.12
33.3
14.2
13.74
15
H. C. 11684 .
1849.-Dec. 4
348 5 11.13
—3.60
12.20
348 4 55.33
+26 2 7.4
37 57 12.07
12
139Tauri . .
1849 Dec. 9
347 58 13.75
--1.52
12.37
347 57 59.86
+25 55 38.5
37 57 11.3
1850.— Feb. 3
58 12.75
—1.52
12.45
57 58.78
39.1
13.0
i
4
58 39.63
+0.48
12.30
58 27.81
39.2
11.4
5
58 13.75
—0.80
12.29
58 0.66
39.2
11.2
10
58 36.50
+2.24
12.35
58 26.39
39.4
' 13.0
11.98
10
H.C. 11108 .
1849— Dec. 14
348 25 56.25
—2.08
11.98
348 25 42.19
+26 22 54.6
37 57 12.4
i
15
25 28.13
1.52
12.03
25 14.58
54.6
12.7
22
25 54.63
—0.72
11.80
25 42.11
54.8
12.7
23
25 24.13
+1.52
11.72
25 13.93
54.8
13.6
24
25 52.75
—0.08
11.69
25 40.98
54.8
13.8
1850.— Jan. 2
25 54.38
0.80
11.84
25 41.74
55.1
13.4
3
25 25.13
0.72
11.77
25 12.64
55.2
15.3
5
25 29.25
3.60
11.84
25 13.81
55.2
14.1
6
25 52.00
+0.55
11.88
25 40.68
55.2
14.5
19
25 28.38
—1.04
11.68
25 15.66
55.7
12.7
26,
25 52.75
—1.36
11.99
25 39.40
55.9
16.5
27 1
25 24.00
+1.12
11.62
25 13.50
55.9
15.1
29 1
25 27.25
0.80
12.10
25 15.95
56.0
12.8
Feb. 1 i
25 53.38
+2.40
12.50
25 43.28 56.1
12.8
3
25 26.13
-1.04
11.98
25 13.11- 1 56.2
15.8
4
25 55.25
0.00
11.84
25 43.41 1 56.2
12.8
10
i
25 50.63 i
+1.68
11.88
25 40.43 56.4
16.0
13.94
10*
H. 0. 11108 pr.
1849.— Dec. 28
348 27 J. 50 1
—0.64
11.59
348 28 49.27 ^ +26 22
29
26 37.13 i
0.08
11.64
26 25.41
1850.— Feb. 5
25 38.63
—0.72
11.82
26 25.09
e
125Tauri . .
1849.— Dec. 17
347 50 5L88
—0.32
12.46
347 50 39.10 I +25 48 18.7
37 57 12.3
19
50 55.50
1.52
12.39
50 41.59 i 18.8
10.0
22
51 19.50
-0.64
12.39
51 6.47 18.8
12.3
23
50 51.75
+1.04
12.31
50 40.48 18.9
11.1
11.42
c
llSTauri . .
1849.— Dec. 24
347 4 18.75
+0.88
13.10
347 4 6.53 \ +25 1 15.6
37 57 9.1
i
29
3 50.38
—0.72
13.05
3 36.61 15.7
11.8
1850.— Jan. 10
4 17.50
+2.16
13.22
4 6.44 16.0
9.6
15
3 49.75
+0.24
13.39
3 36.60 16.1
12.2
!
26
4 18.50
-0.16
13.47
4 4.87 ; 16.4
11.5
29
3 52.38
+1.12
13.57
3 39.93
16.5
9.3
Feb. 1
4 16.75
2.80
14.01
4 5.54
16.5
11.0
2
4 19.00
+0.56
13.51
4 6.05 j 16.6
10.6
WO
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clxii
OBSERVATIONS.
Circle-readings of Stars observed at Athens in connection with Mars I — Continued.
No.
Name.
Date.
Circle.
Level.
1
Refraction. !
Corr'd reading.
Star's 8
1
Zero of circle, i
c
llSTauri . .
1850.-Feb. 3
o / //
347 3 52.00
//
—0.96
J
13.45
/ //
347 3 37,59
1 II
4-25 1 16.6
/ //
37 57 11.7
5
3 52.38
—0.80
13.27
3 38.31
16.7
11.1
10
4 18.13
4-1.36
13.32
4 6.17
16.7
10.5
10.76
9
11. C. 10669 . i
1849.— Dec. 29
348 34 18.63
-0.40
11.48
348 34 6.75
4-26 31 46 8
37 57 12.7
1850.— Jan. 2
34 46.38
4-0.32
11.68
34 35.02
44.5
9.5
3
34 19.13
—0.64
11.61
34 6.88
44.5
10.3
6
34 42.25
4-0.96
11.71
34 31.50
44.6
13.1
8
34 42.13
4-0.80
11.69 i
34 31.24
44.7
13.5
19
34 20.88
—1.20
11.53
34 8.15
45.1
9.7
26
34 45.63
4-0.48
11.84
34 34.27
45.3
11.0
29
34 20.13
0-80
11.93
34 9.00
45.4
9.1
Feb. 1
34 45.63
2.40
12.32
34 35.71
45.5
9.8
o
34 46.13
4-0.80
11.88
34 35.05
45 6
10.6
3
34 19.88
—0.96
11.81
34 7.11
45.6
11.2
4
34 48.50
0.56
11.68
34 36.26
45.6
9.3
5
.34 20.50
-0.5G
11.66
34 8.28
45.6
10.0
10
34 44.75
4-2.00
11.71
34 35.04
45.8
10.8
10.76
a
B, A. C. 1648
1850.— Jan. 2
349 50 52.75
—1.36
10.35
349 50 41.04
4-27 47 52.2
37 57 11.2
3
50 23.13
0.56
10.30
50 12,27
52.3
12.7
5
50 24.63
—2.16
10.35
50 12.12
52.4
13.0
12.30
d
B. A. C. 1754
1850.— Jan. 5
318 51 57.25
—3.12
11.36
348 51 42.77
4-26 49 23.2
37 57 13.1
6
52 19.63
4-0.64
11.40
52 8.87
23.2
14.3
8
52 19.75
0.24
11.37
52 8.62
23.3
14.7
10
52 20.13
4-1.68
11.31
52 10.50
23.3
12.8
15
51 56.00
0.00
11.45
51 44,55
23.5
11.7
19
51 57.13
—1.84
11.20
51 44.09
23.6
12.2
26
52 20.50
-0.16
11.52
52 8.82
23.9
15.1
27
51 53.25
4-1.20
11.15
51 43.30
23.9
13.3
29
51 56.00
0.72
11.61
51 45.11
24.0
11.6
Feb. 1
52 22.63
1.68
11.99
52 12.32
24.1
11.8
2
52 21.:S8
4-1.04
11.55
52 10.87
24.1
13.2
3
51 55.50
—1.04
11.50
51 42.96
24.2
13.9
4
52 23.63
0.16
11.36
52 12.11
24.2
12.1
5
51 56.50
-0.72
11.35
51 44,33
24.2
12.5
10
52 19.63
4-1.84
11.40
52 10.07
24.3
14.2
13.10
1
B. A. C. 1562
1850.— Jan. 6
348 15 58.75
—0.72
12.04
348 15 45.99
+26 12 59.8
37 57 13.8
8
15 57.38
0.08
12.02
15 45.28
59.9
14.6
15
15 32.00
0.40
12.11
15 19.49
13 0.1
13.3
19
15 32.50
1.04
11.85
15 19.61
0.2
13.3
26
15 58.50
—0.08
12.18
15 46.24
0.4
14.2
1
27
15 29.88
4-0.80
11.80
15 18.83
0.4
14.2
1
29
15 32.00
1.28
12.27
15 21.01
0.4
12.1
Feb. 1
15 58.50
3.20
12.66
15 49.04
0.5
11.5
2
15 58.13
4-0.80
12.22
15 46.71
0.5
13.8
3
15 32.38
—0.64
12.17
15 19.57
0.5
13.6
4
16 0.25
0.08
12.02
15 48.15
0.5
12.3
5
15 32.25
—0.48
12.01
15 19.76
0.5
13.4
10
15 56.63
4-1.52
12.06
1 15 46.09
0.6
14.5
13.43
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OBSERVATIONS.
clxiii
The mean equator reading for the series is as previously shown, 3f)0° — 37^5*7' 12". 18, which
value might be employed for the entire set of Jfars-observations without danger of introducing
any essenti^xlIy injurious error. Bat to obviate any distrust arising from this mode of deducing
the results, the stars observed on each day have been used to establisli the zero-points from
which the declinations of Mars on the same day should be counted.
Equator-points of the Athens Circle,
Secondri-reading.
Second^--reading.
Date.
*
Date.
^
-
Obseived.
Mean.
Adopted.
Observed.
Mean.
Adopted.
//
//
//
//
//
//
1849 — November 22
h
12.0
1849.--Deceraber 24
b
13.2
21
11.9
1L93
11.9
c
9.1
11.95
12.0
35
11.9
10
13.8
23
h
11.
/
11.7
17
10.2
11.17
11.2
28
b
13.1
35
12,3
f
14.9
14.00
14.0
25
h
14.2
g
16.0
15.20
15.1
29
b
14.6
18
15.4
c
9
11.8
12.7
13.38
13.4
26
g
12.5
12.5
12.50
12.5
/
14.4
28
b
11.6
1850.— January 1
b
14.6
14.60
13.4
g
13.3
12.37
12.3
2
a
11.2
25
12.2
9
9.5
11.60
12.4
29
b
14.3
10
13,4
g
14.9
13.70
13.7
/
12.3
25
11.9
3
a
12.7
30
b
14.3
14.30
14.0
9
10 3
12.95
13.0
December 4
b
13.6
10
15.3
f
14.3
13.33
13.3
/
13.5
15
12.1
5
a
13.1
9
b
13
10.7
11.3
11.00
11.0
d
10
13.0
14.1
13.55
13.5
14
6
10.4
/
14.0
10
12.4
11.37
11.4
6
1
13.8
^
11.3
d
14 3
15
11.0
9
13.1
14.16
14.2
10
J2.7
11.80
11.8
10
11.5
/
11.7
/
15. 1
IG
b
f
11.3
12.2
11.75
11 8
8
1
b
14.6
15.9
i
17
b
14.4
d
14.7
14.94
14.9
c
12.3
13.83
12.8
9
13.5
f
14.8
/
16.0
19
b
10.5
10
//
13.0
e
10.0
11.00
11.
c
9.6
11. eo
12.8
f
12.5
d
12 8
21
b
f
10.3
12.4
11.35
11.3
1.5
1
b
13.3
13.7
12.72
12.7
22
b
c
10
/
11.7
12.3
12.7
12 5
12.30
12.3
19
c
d
1
b
12.2
11.7
13 3
IM
23
b
e
10
/
12.4
11. 1
13.6
13 1
12.55
IS. 5
i
1
d
9
10
J
lvJ.2
9.7
12 7
13.2
12.37
13.4
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clxiv
OBSERVATIONS.
Equator points of the Athens-Circle — Continued.
Seconds reading.
Seconds reading.
Date.
*
Date.
*
Observed.
Mean.
Adopted.
Observed.
Mean.
Adopted.
1850.— January 26
1
I
c
//
14.2
14.5
11.5
//
1
1850.--February 3
1
b
c
//
13.6
12.7
11.7
//
//
d
9
15.1
11.0
14.09
14.1
d
9
13.9
11.2
13.31
13.3
10
16.5
10
15.8
/
15.8
12
13.0
27
1
b
14.2
13.6
/
14.6
d
13.3
14.26
14.3
4
1
12.3
10
15.1
5
12.8
J
15.1
d
12.1
29
1
b
c
12.1
12.4
9.3
9
10
12
9.3
12.8
11.4
11.97
12.0
d
11.6
11.66
11.8
/
13.1
9
9.1
10
12.8
5
1
13.4
/
14.3
b
12.7
February 1
1
6
c
d
9
11.5
11.0
11.0
11.8
9.8
11.47
11.5
c
d
9
12
/
11.1
12.5
10.0
11.2
15.6
12.36
12.4
10
/
12.8
12.4
10
1
b
14.5
13,0
2
1
13.8
c
10.5
b
c
d
13.8
10.6
13.2
13.02
13.0
d
9
10
14.2
10.8
16.0
13.28
13.3
9
10.6
12
13.0
/
16.1
/
14.2
The quantities here given are the number of seconds to be added to 37° 57' in order to obtain
the declination corresponding to the zero of tbe circle. For this purpose all the observations
are referred to the thread A] and besides their mean for each day, as given in the fourth column,
a fifth column is added, containing that value which^ after some consideration of the weights to
be attributed to the diiferent observations and comparison with the results obtained for the pre-
ceding and following days, seemed best fitted for conducting to tolerably accordant results.
Comparison of the several observations of each night with their mean gives the mean error of
a single measurement at Athens of a star's declination, £= zh F.444.
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OBSERTATIONS.
clxv
Making use of tbe equator points in the fifth column of the preceding table, we obtain the
series of Mars observations at Athens in the annexed form.
MARS I.
Observations with the Athens Meridian-Circle.
Date.
1849— Nov. 22
23
25
26
28
29
30
Dec. 4
9
14
15
16
17
19
21
22
23
24
28
29
1850.— Jan. 1
2
3
5
10
15
19
26
27
29
Feb. 1
2
3
4
5
10
Obs. part.
N.
N.
S.
N.
S.
N.
N.
N.
S.
N.
N.
N.
S.
N.
N.
S.
N.
N.
N.
N.
S.
N.
Athens S.T.
A. m. s.
6 20 44.6
6 19 49 8
6 17 49.4
6 J6 43.9
6 14 22.9
6 13 7.5
6 11 49.0
6 6 6.5
5 58 5.5
5 49 28.0
5 47 42.5
5 45 57.0
5 44 11.6
5 40 42.2
5 37 16.1
5 35 34.9
5 33 55.1
5 32 17.0
5 26 5.1
5 24 38.0
5 20 33.0
5 19 17.1
5 18 4.4
5 15 48.5
5 14 45.5
5 12 49.9
5 11 8.3
5 7 57.8
5 6 31.0
5 6 14.7
5 6 25.8
5 6 57.3
5 8 7.6
5 8 36.9
5 9 9.1
5 9 44.2
5 10 21.9
5 14 10.6
Wash. M.T.
ti. m. s.
7 30 7
7 25 16
7 15 24
7 10 23
7 11
6 54 59
6 49 45
6 28 20
6 41
5 32 25
5 26 44
5 21 3
5 15 22
5 4 1
4 52 44
4 47 7
4 41 31
4 35 58
4 14 3
4 8 40
3 52 49
3 47 37
3 42 28
3 32 21
3 27 22
3 17 35
3 8 2
2 45 13
2 28 3
2 15
1 56 30
1 49 1 )
1 38 32
1 35 6
1 31 42
1 28 21
1 25 3
1 9 11
t — T.
Circle reading.
d.
—38.68742
37.69079
35.69764
34.70113
32.70821
31.71182
30.71545
26.73033
21.74952
16.76915
15.77310
14.77705
13.78100
11.78888
9.79671
8.80061
7.80450
6 80836
2.82358
— 1.82731
4- 1.16168
2.15807
3.15449
5,14746
6.14400
8.13721
10.13058
15.11473
19.10281
26.08351
27.08090
29.07581
32.06843
33.06604
34.06368
35.06135
36.05906
+41.04804
347 23 19.50
347 26 38.50
347 33 23.25
347 36 55.50
347 43 42.38
347 46 47.75
347 50 12.88
348 2 38.13
348 15 44.00
348 25 45.25
348 27 8.88
348 28 39.25
348 29 42.25
348 31 42.38
348 33 4.63
348 33 36.50
348 33 44.25
348 34 4.25
348 33 30.13
348 32 57.63
348 31 9.63
348 30 34.00
348 29 38.13
348 27 50.88
348 26 57.00
348 24 54.25
348 23 46.75
348 18 21.50
348 13 32.25
348 8 25.00
348
348
348
348
348
Level.
348
348
348
7 38.88
6 39.25
5 41.13
5 17.38
4 51.50
4 49.13
4 24.75
4 1.75
—4.00
-4.00
-2.24
—0.08
—3.12
+1.52
—0.24
—3.52
—1.76
—2.08
—0.72
—1.44
+0.08
—1.20
—2.40
0.00
+0.96
+0.80
—0.88
—1,04
— 1.20
—0.64
—1.04
—2.64
+0.72
—0 08
+ 1.52
+0.16
—1.20
+0.24
+0.72
+0.88
+0.88
+0.64
—0.56
+0 08
-0.08
+ 1.36
Refr.
12.82
12.78
12.43
12.19
12.35
12.51
12.41
12.23
12.06
11.95
11.99
11.85
11.77
11.68
11.61
11.66
11.57
11.53
11.45
11.50
11.63
11.75
11 70
11.79
11.84
11.85
11.84
12.07
11.89
12.30
11.93
12.44
12.85
12.40
12.35
12.22
12.20
12.25
Equator.
11.9
38.5
42.4
12.5
12.3
41.0
14.0
13.3
38.3
11.4
39.1
11.8
40.1
38.3
38.6
12.3
39.8
12.0
14.0
40.7
40.7
12.4
40.3
40.8
14.2
14.9
12.8
40.0
39.7
14.1
41.6
39.1
38.8
13.0
40.6
12.0
39.7
13.3
Obs'd
+25 20 14.6
25 24 0.2
25 30 51.0
25 33 55.7
25 40 39.2
25 44 18.6
25 47 14.2
25 59 35.7
26 13 8.5
26 22 42.6
26 24 35.3
26 25 37.8
26 27 10.7
26 29 7.8
26 30 29.2
26 30 37.1
26 31 13.4
26 31 5.5
26 30 31.8
26 30 25.8
26 28 37.5
26 27 34.0
26 27 5.7
26 25 17.2
26 24 0.1
26 21 57.2
26 19 49.2
26 15 49.6
26 10 58.9
26 5 27.0
26
9.3
+25
5
4 6.8
2 40.7
2 18.6
2 19.2
1 49.0
1 52.2
1 4.1
These eight series include all the materials available for our purpose, which are derived from
observations of Mars during the opposition of 1849-50, and we pass to the second series of
observations during the opposition of 1851-2.
II.— SECOND SERIES OF OBSERVATIONS OF MARS.
We have seven sets of observations during this opposition, instead of eight, as in the first series
there having been no observations at Athens or Cambridge, nor with the equatorial at the Cape
of Good Hope, while, on the other hand, the prompt repair and return of the eye-piece had
restored Lieut. Gilliss's meridian-circle to usefulness, and the Astronomische NachricUen, xxxv
p. 269, affords a series of meridian observations at Kremsmiinster. ' '
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clxvi
OBSERVATIONS.
Apparent places of stars compared loitli Mars daring the second series of observations.
No.
Date.
Reduction in
Apparent
No.
Date.
Reduction in
Apparent
i
1
a.
0.
a.
5* 1
0. 1
a.
d.
a.
d.
S.
//
h. m. s.
1 II
s.
II
h m. s.
« / //
47
1852.-~Mar. 3
+0.40
—1.64
7 46 33
+24 44 49.1 1
85
1852.— Jan. 19
+0.46
—4.19
8 35 7
+23 14 27.5
7
0.35
1.37
46 36
49.4
21
0.49
4.19
35 7
27 5
48
Mar. 6
+0.36
—1.49
7 46 57
+24 35 47.1
87
Jan. 15
+0.39
—4.16
8 40 18
+22 44 37.9
n
0.29
1.19
46 57
47.4
17
0.42
4.18
40 18
37.9
49
Feb. 24
+0.49
—2.06
7 47 6
+25 3 0.6
88
Jan. 13
+0 34
—4.14
8 44 15
+22 33 29.6
28
0.45
1.81
47 6
0.9
15
0.38
4.16
44 15
29 6
52
Feb. 27
+0.47
—1 92
7 48 38
+24 54 9.3
89
Jan. 16
+0.39
—4.22
8 45 28
+22 51 33.8
Mar. 1
0.43
1.75
48 38
9 5
18
0.42
4.24
45 28
33.7
4
0.39
1.54
48 38
9.7
90
Jan. 12
+0.32
—4.08
8 45 58
+22 22 40.8
54
Mar. 10
+0.33
— 1..31
7 50 59
+24 28 25.8
14
0.36
4.14
45 58
40.8
14
0.28
1.07
50 59
26,1
91
Jan. 11
+0.30
—4.05
8 47 23
+22 15 12.4
55
Mar. 13
+0.28
—1.18
7 52 38
+24 18 57.5
13
0.34
4.12
47 26
12.3
15
0.26
1.06
52 38
57.6
92
Jan. 10
+0.28
-4 01
8 47 33
+22 8 43.1
57
Feb. 14
+0.58
—2.76
7 55 4
+25 18.1
12
0.32
4.08
47 33
43.0
19
0.55
2 47
55 4
18.4
93
Jan. 8
+0-23
—3.91
8 48 54
+21 54 53 9
24
0.52
2.16
65 4
18.7
10
0.27
3.98
48 54
53.8
29
Mar. 5
0.47
0.41
1.84
1.51
55 3
55 3
19.1
19.4
94
Jan. 6
9
+0.18
0.25
—3.78
3.92
8 50 26
50 23
+21 44 9.4
9.2
10
0.35
1.20
55 3
19.7
95
Jan. 9
+0.24
0.29
-3.97
8 52 13
+22 2 25.3
58
Feb. 10
+0.59
—2.99
7 55 16
+24 55 7.2
u
4.04
52 13
25.2
13
0.58
2.83
55 16
7.3
15
0.57
2.73
55 16
7.4
95
Jan. 5
7
+0.15
0.20
-3.71
3.83
8 53 47
53 47
+21 34 4.8
4,7
60
Feb. 9
+ 0.60
—3.12
7 59 25
+24 52 38.7
12
0.59
2.96
59 25
38.9
97
Jan. 1
3
+0.04
0.09
—3.37
3.51
8 58 36
58 16
+21 6 19.5
19.4
62
Feb. 6
+0.61
—3 37
8 6 17
+24 48 53.8
10
0.61
3.17
6 17
57.0
98
Jan. 4
6
+0 11
0.16
-3.64
3.75
8 59 27
59 27
+21 29 18.0
17.9
63
June 7
-0.78
+1.18
8 10 13
+24 57 4.2
11
0.79
1.23
10 13
4.2
99
1851 .-Dec. 30
1852.— Jan. 2
—0.01
+0.05
-3.18
3.41
9 3 20
3 20
+20 57 18.2
18
65
Sept. 5
+0.17
+0.27
8 U 51
+ 15 55 48.3
8
0.24
0.14
11 51
48.6
100
Jan. 1
2
+0.02
0.05
-3.33
3.44
9 3 20
3 20
+21 1 43.4
43.4
67
Sept. 7
+0.20
+0.32
8 14 59
+ 15 41 3^.. 8
9
0.25
0.23
14 59
33.7
101
Jan. 3
5
+0.07
0.12
—3,53
3.65
9 4 16
4 16
+21 16 47.7
47.6
69
Jan. 27
+0.56
-3.91
8 16 37
+24 1 28.1
29
0.58
3.85
16 37
28.1
102
I851.-Dec. 27
29
+3.25
3.31
—17.33
17.48
9 4 23
4 23
+20 37 35.7
35.5
71
Jan. 29
+0.58
—3.89
8 19 48
+21 9 36.6
Feb. 1
0.60
3.80
19 48
33 7
103
Dec. 18
20
+3.05
3.11
-18.41
16. 5S
9 7 25
7 25
+19 51 29.3
29.1
72
Jan. 29
+0.58
-3.89
8 19 51
+24 19 ^9.2
Feb. 2
60
3.76
19 51
39.3
104
Dec. 28
31
+3.3?
3.40
-17.57
17.82
9 7 40
7 40
+20 41 6.2
5.9
73
Jan. 28
+0.57
—3.91
8 20 53
+24 5 27.0
30
0.59
3.fc8
23 56
27.0
lor.
Dec. 25
29
+3 23
3.34
—17.23
17 61
9 7 42
7 42
+20 27 42.7
42 3
77
Jan. 26
+0.55
—4.07
8 27 33
+23 53 1.4
28
0.57
4.03
27 33
1.5
103
Dec. 18
+3.01
-16.42
9 8 14
+ 19 52 9 8
78
Jan. 22
+0.50
—4.13
8 28 3
+23 34 13.1
20
3.07
16.64
8 14
9.6
24
0.54
4.11
28 4
13.1
107
Dec. 23
+3 17
-17.04
9 8 14
'+20 15 31.6
79
Jan. 23
27
+0..52
0.53
-^4.12
4 06
8 28 16
2d 16
+23 45 33 9
33.9
26
3 25
17.33
8 14
31.3
108
Dec. 19
+3.03
3.15
—16.67
9 10 21
+20 2 23.1
80
Jan. 21
+0.49
-4.15
8 30 12
+23 24 17.3
i .- r»
23
17.09
10 9i
22.6
23
0.51
4.13
30 13
17.3
83
Jan. 20
+0 48
—4.17
8 31 41
+23 16 7.6
109
Dec. 15
+2.89
-15.21
9 12 17
+ 19 42 49.3
22
50
4 16
31 42
7.6
17
2.95
13.44
12 17
49.1
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OBSERVATIONS.
clxvi
A.— OBSERVATIONS OF MAES II, WITH THE SANTIAGO EQUATORIAL.
The following corrections have been made to the printed observations :
Page
90
106
129
137
Jan.
138
153,4,5,
166
209 Mar,
212
Dec. 20 No. 37, for .79 read 8.79.
31 15, Micr. =— 5".69 has been used instead of — 5.31, on the assumption that the comple-
mentary decimal was inadvertently read off from the micrometer head.
This gives aJi=: llr.57J.
29, for 2h. 8m. 7s. 74, read sli. 8m. 75.74.
4, The AS 2 Ir. 29 seems to have been accidentally written instead of 227-. 29, and this hypo-
thesis was evidently made in taking the printed mean, although the original MS. gives
the micrometer-reading as printed. This assumption of an error of Ir. has been made
in the computation, and the printed mean therefore employed.
38, for 22.11 read 22.01.
AS should be positive,
line 1, for Feb. 12 read Feb. 13.
14 No. 14, *' —1.18 *' —7.18.
15 68, " 0.78J '* 0.79J.
24
Feb. 2
The corresponing changes in the tables of results will then be:
Page 88,
107,
155,
157,
162,
176,
178,
181,
184,
207,
213,
December 19 line 2
4
31 1
116, January 8
127,
137,
139,
141,
142,
151,
14
23
24
25
31
153, February 1
March
20
21
24
26
12
15
9
1
2
1,2
2
6
2
6
9
1
2
2
1
6
9
2
6
9
1,2
6
2
4
2
6
9
1
10
1
3
1,2
2
for 2' 8".01,
" 2 12 .89,
** llr. 269=3' 39. "68
" 0. 826 zzi 16."10
13".60
*' 2' 44".95
'* 2 30. ^^0
* ' Fourteen
" 3' 1". 48
'* 17". 03
'' 5r.l31zz:-l'40". 00
" 0. 941 z=: 18^34
'' 14."74
" 21r.771ziz7'4''.32
'* 20,837 = 6 46.11
'' 2.560=0 49.89
" 0.069 = 18". 89
16". 27
" -8^. 888 = 2^53" 23
0. 835 = 16". 27
13". 18
'' -11.060 = 3' 35".56
** 15".49
'* 13".27
aS should be positive.
for 15". 70 read
'* 7.267 = 2'21".63 '<
*' 2'17".55 ''
** 8.264= 2'4r.06
a 13".72
*' 11.51
** 7r.460 = 2'25".30 "
li o".0 "
" 9r.915
'' Or. 147 *♦
Ad should be negative.
for 0.533 read 0.534.
read 2' 8". 11.
'' 2 12 .86.
** llr. 277 = 3' 39". 79.
*' 0. 818 =15".94.
13". 44.
" 2'44".85.
'* 2 30. 70.
" Eighteen.
'' 3' 1 ". 07.
^7^44.
'' 5r. 151=-1'40".40.
** 0.921 = 17" 94.
*' 14."34.
" 21r.766=7'4".23.
*' 20.793=6 45.26.
" 2.618=0 51.03.
'' 0.911=17". 75.
16". 13.
8r885 = 2'53"16.
'' 0.832 = 16".21.
13". 12.
'* -11.058 = 3'35".52.
15^47.
13". 25.
15". 67.
7.268 = 2' 21".65.
2' 17".56.
8.270 = 2'41". 18.
13". 84
13.63.
7r.452 = 2' 25".24.
0".06.
9r.914.
Or. 146.
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clxviii
OBSERVATIONS,
MARS II.
Observations tvith the Santiago Equatorial,
Date.
Obs. part.
Santiago S.T
Wash. M.T.
t—T,
Star
No.
Star's d.
Meas'd Dd,
Refr.
Obs'd d.
No. coiup.
N. S.
h- m. s.
h. in. s.
d.
1 II
1 II
/
1 II
1851.— Dec
.16
N. S.
7 43 43.76
13 36 38.24
— 45.43289
109
4- 19 42 49.18
+ 1 35.31
0.09
4- 19 44 24.58
10 10
N.S.
8 46 11.00
14 38 55.24
45.38964
109
42 49.18
-f 1 41.83
.08
44 31.09
1 2
19
N. S.
7 31 4.22
13 12 13.04
42.44985
106
19 52 9.67
+ 1 58.08
.11
54 7.86
10 10
N.S.
8 14 36.40
13 55 38.09
42.41970
106
52 9.67
+ 2 4.99
.09
54 14.75
5 5
N.S.
8 39 0.67
14 19 58.36
42.40280
106
52 9.67
+ 2 8.78
.10
54 18.55
3 3
20
S.
7 47 29.09
13 24 39.31
41.44121
108
20 2 22.95
— 4 36.23
.23
57 46.49
20
21
s.
7 42 52.93
13 16 7.99
40.44713
108
2 22.85
— 37.87
.04
20 1 44.94
32
22
■s.
7 37 43.55
13 7 3.55
39.45343
108
2 22.75
+ 3 33.94
.18
5 56.87
27
24
s.
8 7 51.50
13 29 14.73
37.43802
107
20 15 31.50
— 24.52
.02
15 6.96
32
25
s.
8 9 57.45
13 27 24.42
36.43930
107
15 31.40
4- 4 29.10
.22
20 0.72
20
26
s.
7 28 47.18
12 42 24.98
35.47054
105
20 27 42.57
— 2 46.93
.15
24 55.49
24
s.
8 32 56.91
13 46 24.21
35.42611
105
27 42.57
— 2 33.17
.12
25 9.28
8
27
s.
7 44 37.59
12 54 16.90
34.45230
105
27 42 48
+ 2 33.46
.16
30 16.10
26
28
N.S.
7 58 48,63
13 4 29.70
33.45521
102
20 37 35.56
— 1 37.74
.08
35 57.74
21 20
29
N.S.
7 32 4.18
12 33 53.71
32.47646
104
20 41 6.08
+ 27.65
.02
41 33.75
9 9
30
N.S.
7 36 7.82
12 34 0.78
31.47638
104
41 5.99
■f 6 22.80
.33
47 29.12
10 10
31
N.S.
7 30 6.94
12 24 4.98
30.48328
99
20 57 18.15
— 3 47.76
.20
53 30.19
13 14
1852.— Jan
1
N.S.
7 53 50.28
12 43 48.52
29.46958
100
21 1 43.43
— 1 53,61
.09
59 49.73
15 15
2
N.S.
7 33 31.20
12 19 36.86
28.48638
97
21 6 19.42
— 14.91
.01
21 6 4.50
16 16
4
N.S.
7 32 9.06
12 10 23.15
26.49279
101
21 16 47.63
-f- 2 30.43
.13
19 18.19
8 8
5
N.S.
7 44 23.75
12 18 39.89
25.48704
98
21 29 17.95
— 3 12.27
.17
26 5.51
10 10
6
N.S.
7 58 20.19
12 28 38.13
24.48011
96
21 34 4.77
— 1 0.44
.05
33 4.28
8 8
7
N.S.
7 47 37.47
12 14 1.25
23.49026
94
21 44 9.31
— 4 11.03
.22
39 58.06
8 8
8
N.S.
6 54 13.74
11 16 50.38
22.52997
94
44 9.27
+ 2 37.78
.16
45 47.21
5 5
N.S.
8 6 57.46
12 29 22.17
22.47960
94
44 9.27
+ 3 0.32
.15
47 19.74
6 6
9
N.S.
7 42 27.41
12 1 0.22
21.49930
93
21 54 53.86
_ 44.08
.04
54 9.76
10 10
10
N.S.
7 46 36.52
12 1 12.73
20.49916
95
22 2 25.24
—1 1.81
.05
22 1 23.38
23 23
11
N.S.
8 18 16.02
12 28 51.13
19.47996
92
22 8 43.02
-f 3.45
.00
8 46.47
5 5
12
N.S.
7 22 21.12
11 29 9.49
18.52142
91
22 15 12.36
+ 32.94
.03
15 45.33
12 12
N.S.
8 25 0.27
12 31 38.38
18.47803
91
15 12.36
-f 52.44
.04
16 4.84
3 3
13
N.S.
8 2 30,77
12 5 16.65
17.49834
90
22 22 40.79
+ 31.41
.02
23 12.22
12 12
14
N.S.
7 46 39.03
11 45 31.59
16.51005
88
22 33 29.59
— 3 9.76
.17
30 19.66
18 18
16
N.S.
7 32 33.61
11 23 36.66
14.52528
87
22 44 37.90
+ 2.17
.00
44 40.07
12 12
17
N.S.
7 22 19.50
11 9 28.31
13.53509
89
22 51 33.75
-f- 9.29
.01
51 43.05
8 8
20
N.S.
7 25 28.33
11 48.90
10.54110
85
23 14 27.45
— 1 55.38
.10
23 12 31.97
18 18
N.S.
8 40 58.43
12 16 6.63
10.48881
85
14 27.45
— 1 .33.75
.08
12 53.62
12 12
21
N.S.
6 59 36.29
10 31 5.19
9.56174
82
23 16 7.63
-f 2 57.41
.18
19 5.22
2 2
22
N.S.
8 9 10.32
11 36 31.91
8,51630
80
23 24 17.31
+ 1 44.78
.10
26 2.19
13 13
23
N.S.
8 2 29.64
11 25 56.41
7.52365
78
23 34 13.08
— 1 49.30
.11
32 23.67
13 13
24
N.S.
8 2 48.04
11 22 18.85
6.52617
79
23 45 33.88
— 6 54.67
.39
38 38.82
23 23
25
N.S.
7 18 58.17
10 34 40.25
5.55926
79
45 33.89
— 59.91
.06
44 33.92
17 17
27
N.S.
7 34 50.65
10 42 38.31
3.55372
77
23 58 1.45
— 1 51.71
.11
56 9.63
15 15
28
N.S.
7 54 14.57
10 58 3.14
2.54302
69
24 1 28.11
+ 16.61
.01
24 1 44.73
9 9
29
N.S.
8 3 41.99
11 3 33.11
1.53920
73
24 5 27.00
+ 2 53.82
.16
8 20.98
19 20
30
N.S.
8 11 2.11
11 6 56.11
_ 0.53685
71
24 9 38.65
+ 2 29.84
.14
12 6.63
25 25
31
N.S.
8 6 37.72
10 58 .36.54
+ 0.45737
72
24 19 39.28
— 2 45.00
.16
16 54.12
13 13
Feb.
1
N.S.
7 14 13.48
10 2 24.97
1,41835
68
24 25 1.59
— 3 43.29
.22
21 18.08
14 14
2
N.S.
8 6 34.80
10 50 41.81
2.45187
68
25 1.62
+ 46.54
.04
25 48,20
15 15
3
N.S.
8 35 .55.75
11 16 2.03
3.46947
66
24 29 18.89
4- 38.56
.04
29 57.49
15 15
7
N.S.
7 35 27.43
10 0.00
7.41667
62
24 46 56.88
— 3 14.17
.19
43 42.52
13 13
8
N.S.
7 13 9.65
9 33 49.96
8.39850
62
46 58.93
— 23.22
.02
46 33.69
14 15
9
N.S.
7 10 7.96
9 26 52.85
9.39.367
62
46 56.98
+ 2 13.85
.13
49 10.96
8 8
N.S.
8 49 53.86
11 6 22.40
9.46276
62
46 56.98
4- 2 24.52
.14
49 21.64
2 3
10
N.S.
7 39 48.89
9 52 33.01
10.41149
60
24 52 38.76
- 1 1.91
.06
51 36.79
9 9
11
N.S.
7 31 1.54
9 39 51.19
11.40268
60
52 38.81
4- I 6.43
,06
53 45.30
1 2
N.S.
8 45 5.37
10 53 42,88
li. 45397
60
52 38.81
4- 1 12.55
.07
53 51.43
4 3
13
N.S.
7 29 12.17
9 30 10.30
^ 13.39595'
• 58
24 55 7.33
4- 2 12.03
.13
57 19.49
3 3
N.S.
8 37 12.00
10 37 58.99
13.44304
58
55 7.33
4- 2 16.84
.14
57 24.31
2 2
14
N.S.
8 46 5.47
9 43 4.92
14.40492
57
25 18.13
— 1 31.90
.09
58 46.14
9 9
15
N.S. 1
7 17.45
8 53 28.49
+ 15.37047
57
18.19
— 21.13
0.02
59 57.04
9 9
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OBSERVATIONS
Observations with the Santiago Ecjtmtorial—Gontumed,
clxix
Date.
Obs. part
!
Santiago S.T
Wash. M.T.
t—T,
Star
No.
Star's 0.
Meas'd JDS
Refr.
Obs'd d.
No. comp.
N. S.
A. m. s.
h, in. s.
d.
- -
1852.-Feb. 16
17
19
N. S.
N. S.
N.S.
7 28 12.88
7 30 24.80
7 12 56.96
9 17 23.45
9 15 39.10
8 50 22.30
+ 16.38708
17.38587
19.36831
57
.57
57
+ 25 18,25
18.34
18.42
-f 40.50
+ 1 27.86
+ 2 24.88
0.04
08
14
-1-25 58.79
1 46.28
2 43.44
15 15
24 24
8 9
20
N. S.
7 16 43.08
8 50 11.90
20.36819
57
18.48
+ 2 34. 3J
15
2 52.94
15 15
21
N.S.
7 29 1.81
8 58 32.70
21.37399
57
18.54
+ 2 32.24
15
2 50.93
13 13
22
N.S.
7 7 11.29
8 32 49.85
22.35613
57
18.60
+ 2 18.88
14
2 .37.62
4 4
11 11
23
N.S.
7 3 42.05
8 25 25.27
23.35099
57
018. 66
+ 1 54.74
11
2 13.51
24
N.S.
7 1 40.35
8 19 28.00
24.34685
57
18.73
+ 1 19.14
07
1 37.94
11 11
25
26
N.S.
N.S.
7 9 5.18
7 11 52.74
8 22 55.71
8 21 46.90
25.34926
26.34846
49
49
25 3 0.69
3 0.75
— 2 9.91
— 3 6.59
13
19
50.65
24 59 53.97
12 12
12 12
27
28
N.S.
N.S.
8 27 18.13
6 51 42.57
9 33 4.03
7 53 48.23
27.39796
28.32903
49
52
3 0.81
24 51 9.36
■- 4 14.55
+ 3 24.85
25
21
58 46.01
57 34.42
9 9
7 7
N.S.
8 11 24.86
9 13 17.46
28.38423
52
54 9.36
+ 3 21.31
20
57 30.87
6 6
29
Mar. 1
n:s.
N.S.
6 44 2.27
6 59 13.51
7 42 13.28
7 53 26.12
29.32099
30.32877
52
52
54 9.41
24 54 9.47
+ 2 1.07
+ 25.57
12
03
56 10.60
24 54 35.07
6 6
19 19
2
3
N.S.
N.S.
7 15 4.17
6 50 12.48
8 5 18.28
7 36 34.76
31.33702
32.31707
52
52
54 9.53
54 9.59
— 1 18.96
— 3 9.31
08
20
52 50.49
51 0.08
30 30
13 13
11 11
4
N.S.
7 19 35.94
8 1 57.49
33.33469
47
24 44 49.15
+ 4 11.93
25
49 1.33
6
N.S.
7 36 48.15
8 11 15.07
35.34115
47
44 49.29
— 14.70
01
44 34.58
12 12
7
N.S.
7 16 20.97
7 46 55.33
36.32455
48
24 36 47.11
. + 5 26.77
33
42 14.21
7 7
8
N.S.
7 24 47.03
7 51 24.10
37.32736
48
36 47.17
+ 2 53.80
18
39 41.15
12 12
9
N. Si
7 16 54.31
7 39 36.77
38.31918
48
36 47.23
+ 15.72
01
37 2.96
9 10
4 5
14 14
10
N.S.
6 57 38.52
7 16 28.23
39.30310
48
36 47.30
- 2 29.44
16
34 17.70
11
N.S.
7 29 36.35
7 44 24.91
40.32251
54
24 28 25.88
+ 2 59.86
18
31 25.92
12
N.S.
6 45 13.66
6 56 13.58
41.28905
54
28 25.94
+ 4.03
00
28 29.97
5 5
15 13
N.S.
7 40 30.81
7 51 21.68
41.32734
54
28 25.94
— 3.12
00
28 22.82
13
N. S.
7 21 1.07
7 27 59.23
42.31110
54
28 26.00
— 3 7.92
18
25 17.90
15 15
14
N.S.
7 31 37.04
7 34 37.76
43.31572
55
24 18 57.55
+ 3 5.51
18
22 3.24
13 13
20 20
15
N.S.
7 31 24.00
7 30 28.64
4- 44.31283
55
18 57.61
— 15.96
0.01
18 41.64
1
B.-OBSEKVATIONS OF MAES II. WITH TPIE SANTIAGO MEEIDIAN-CIECLE.
The only remarks needed, relative to this series, are these :
Page 309, note h, for 1' 21^ 30 read 1' 21". 27.
311, the observation N^. 7 has not been used.
312, Jan. 28. For 2io 28' 66".97 rmc? 24:° 28' 53".97.
312, Feb. 1. The sign of Nadir-reading should be positive.
313, note I. The star is measured from Bessel 341.
314,/ and ^. Keference-letters should be transposed.
318, Mar. 23. Far 24^ 33' 35".04 read 22° 33^ 35'^04.
The observations in this series are of two classes : the first, consisting of microscope-readings
after setting the fixed thread upon the limb of the planet ; the second, of micrometric difierences
from some near star. The latter cases are indicated in the foot-notes. This second class of
observations has been treated like the micrometric measurements ; with the equatorial and the
measured differences applied to the star-place, not as it was observed on that day, but as de-
rived from our General Catalogue. This being kept in view, we deduce the appended table, in
which the semi-diameter is not applied; inasmuch as this is derived from computation, and
incorporated in the computed place of the observed limb.
Xo
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clxx
OBSERVATIONS.
MARS II.
Observations tuith the Santiago Meridian-Circle,
Date.
Limb.
Sant. S.T.
Wash. M.T.
Obs'd 0.
Circle-reading.
Refr.
Nadir.
t-T.
h. in. s.
h. m. s.
/ //
o / //
/ //
//
d.
1851.-
-Dec. 19
S.
9 9 9,18
14 50 1.93
+19 54 14.48
—42.381923
21
S.
9 8 37.91
14 41 38.92
20 1 58.46
306 32 34.92
—1 13.57
+14,3
40.387745
22
S.
9 8 17.01
14 37 22.17
20 6 9.65
306 28 24.27
1 12,24
10.9
39.390716
24
S.
9 7 25.62
14 28 39.09
20 15 18.70
306 19 18.15
1 13.34
10.6
37,396771
25
S.
9 6 54 84
14 24 12.48
20 20 7.74
306 14 27,10
1 12.93
12.2
36.399856
26
s.
9 6 20.40
14 19 42.22
20 25 15.99
306 9 20.68
1 12,66
10.1
35.402984
27
{^.
9 5 42.75
14 15 8.77
20 30 34.01
306 4 5.00
1 13.60
8.7
34.406148
28
s.
9 5 1.37
14 10 31.59
20 36 4.08
305 58 43,92
1 14.29
0.4
33.409357
30
s.
9 3 29.31
14 1 7.95
20 47 42,31
305 46 57,65
1 14.55
8.7
31.415881
31
s.
9 2 38.29
13 56 21.17
20 53 47.01
305 40 52.18
1 J4.18
9.1
30,419198
1852.
-Jan. 1
2
N.
N.
9 1 43.93
9 45.43
13 51 31.04
13 46 36.79
21 21.13
21 6 38.13
305 34 17.00
1 14.42
10.4
29.422556
28.425963
4
N.
8 58 40.94
13 36 40.82
21 19 51.11
305 14 53.88
1 16,28
5.4
26.432859
5
N.
8 57 33.99
13 31 38.14
21 26 29.69
305 8 14.92
1 16.00
5.5
25.436363
6
S.
8 55 25.42
13 26 33.84
21 33 13.39
24 . 439886
7
s.
8 55 11.63
13 21 24.34
21 40 12 21
304 54 26.25
1 16.75
12.4
23.443468
8
N.
8 53 56.05
13 ]Q 13.06
21 47 31.22
22.447071
9
S.
8 52 39.16
13 11 0.47
2L 54 24.12
21.450688
10
N.
8 51 17.59
13 5 43.21
22 1 50.48
304 32 46.75
1 17.32
+14.2
20.454361
11
N.
8 49 55.37
13 25.30
22 9 5,65
19.458040
12
S.
8 48 28.55
12 55 2.81
22 16 2.49
304 18 50.80
1 18,08
—0.5
18.461773
13
N.
8 47 0.66
12 49 39.25
22 23 35.18
17.465518
14
S.
8 45 31.85
12 44 14.77
22 30 30.43
16.469272
15
N.
8 43 58.98
12 .38 46.24
22 38 0,58
303 56 54.72
1 19,49
1,7
15,473076
16
S.
8 42 26.57
12 33 18.17
22 44 56.64
303 49 59.78
1 19,31
3.0
14.476872
17
N.
^ 8 40 50,23
12 27 46.18
22 52 16.98
303 42 38.58
1 19.35
—2.1
13.480715
18
S.
8 39 14.93
12 22 15.24
22 58 58.82
303 35 54.70
1 20.31
+0.9
12.484545
19
N.
8 37 35.91
12 16 40.57
23 6 7.34
303 28 45.82
1 20.35
+ 1.3
11.488419
20
N.
8 35 58.75
12 11 7.76
23 13 3.22
303 21 52.12
1 20.63
—0.6
10,492270
21
N.
8 34 17.56
12 5 30.95
23 19 44.54
303 15 11.25
1 21.28
—0.4
9.496170
22
S.
8 32 38.83
11 59 56.57
23 25 56.35
303 8 55.80
1 21.64
+3,6
8.500037
23
.N.
8 30 56.90
11 54 19.01
23 32 43.25
303 2 12.02
1 22.16
+1.0
7.503947
24
S.
8 29 17.10
11 48 43.58
23 38 41.07
6.507829
25
N.
8 27 33.77
11 43 4.61
23 45 0.22
302 49 56.98
1 22.59
—0.5
5.511753
27
N.
8 24 14.53
11 31 54.10
23 56 34.03
302 38 22.82
1 22.84
+0.1
3.519513
28
S.
8 22 36.05
11 26 19.97
24 1 41.42
302 33 12,45
1 23.26
3.5
2.523371
29
N.
8 20 56.05
11 20 44.34
24 7 12.70
302 27 45.. 58
1 24.59
0.4
1.527265
30
S.
8 19 19.54
11 15 12,18
24 12 2.91
302 22 54.82
1 24.25
+0.6
—0.531109
31
N.
8 17 41.86
11 9 38.86
24 17 5.37
302 17 53.55
1 23.61
—1.2
+0.465033
Feb. 1
S.
8 16 7.69
11 4 8.87
24 21 24.45
302 13 35.72
1 23.56
+2.5
1.461214
2
N. •
8 14 32.97
10 58 38.67
24 25 58.54
. 302 8 56.83
1 23.56
+2.3
2.457393
3
S.
8 13 2.41
10 53 12.44
24 29 53.32
3.453616
4
N.
8 11 31.13
10 47 45.51
24 33 52.12
302 1 5,70
1 24.81
1.1
4.449833
7
S.
8 7 13.82
10 31 41.17
24 43 39.72
7.438672
8
S.
8 5 53.33
10 26 25.00
24 46 32.75
301 48 24.43
1 24.57
1.5
8.435012
9
N.
8 4 33.51
10 21 9.. 48
24 49 23.99
301 45 33.63
1 24.71
1.2
9 431360
10
S.
8 3 19 28
10 15 59.55
24 51 32.38
301 43 16,88
1 24.95
9.8
10.427774
11,424185
11
N.
8 2 5.05
10 10 49.61
24 53 55.30
13
N.
7 59 47.45
10 40.57
24 57 26.78
301 37 23.38
1 25.65
9.6
13,417137
14
N.
7 58 42.92
9 55 40.31
24 58 52.61
14.413661
15
N
7 57 41.71
9 50 43.35
25 6.58
15.410224
16
S.
7 56 44,76
9 45 50.65
25 54.88
16.406836
17.403463
17
N.
7 55 49 07
9 40 59,21
25 1 54.75
18
S.
7 54 58.40
9 36 12.77
25 2 14.55
301 32 41.23
1 27.67
6.0
18.400148
19
N.
7 54 10.46
9 31 29.05
25 2 53.31
301 32 3.75
1 26.45
3.5
19.396866
20
S.
7 53 25.31
9 26 48.12
25 2 47 09
301 32 10.33
1 26,21
2.9
20.393612
21.390395
21
N.
7 52 43.12
9 22 10.13
25 2 58.01
301 31 54.95
1 25.25
6.4
22,
N.
7 52 4.84
9 17 33.05
25 2 43.90
301 32 13,42
1 25.91
2.7
22.387222
23
N.
7 51 30.67
9 13 6.06
25 2 17,96
301 32 38.12
1 26.57
4.6
23.384098
1
24
S.
7 51 0.53
9 8 40.10
-f-25 1 28.26
301 33 28,80
—1 25.65
+4.7
+24.381020
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OBSERVATIONS.
Observations with the Santiago 3Ieridian- Circle — Continued.
clxxi
Date.
Limb.
Sant. S.T.
Wash. M.T.
Obs'd §,
Circle-reading.
Refr.
Nadir.
t-T.
h. m. s.
h. in. s.
o 1 II
o / //
/ ' //
//
d.
1852
—Feb. 25
N.
7 50 31.85
9 4 15.59
+25 1 0.09
301 33 57.43
—1 25.91
+4.5
+25.377959
26
S.
7 50 8.43
8 59 56.32
24 59 47.53
26.374957
27
N.
7 49 46.66
8 55 38.71
24 58 54.77
27.371975
28
S.
7 49 30.26
8 51 26.45
24 57 24.56
301 37 30.67
1 26.32
5.2
28.369056
29
. N.
7 49 14.81
8 47 15.13
24 56 21.08
29.366147
Mar. 1
N.
7 49 4.99
8 43 9.43
24 54 23.73
30.363303
2
N.
7 48 56.85
8 39 5.41
24 53 1.57
31.360479
3
N.
7 48 52.42
8 35 5.08
24 51 5.69
32.357697
4
N.
7 48 51.23
8 31 7.98
24 49 4.51
301 45 49.02
1 24.72
5.3
33.354954
6
N.
7 48 57.93
8 23 22.86
24 44 41.48
35.349570
7
S.
7 49 7.03
8 1.9 36 02
24 42 1.37
301 52 52.30
1 25.06
5.5
36.346944
8
N.
7 49 17.47
8 15 50.53
24 39 45.78
37.344334
9
S.
7 49 32.18
8 12 9 29
24 36 54.23
38.;J41774
.10
N.
7 49 48.37
8 8 29.53
24 34 17.74
39.339231
11
S.
7 50 8.58
8 4 53.77
24 31 UM
.302 3 39.88
1 24.63
4.5
40.336734
12
N.
7 50 30.59
8 1 19.98
24 28 27.80
302 6 25.75
1 23.84
4.4
.41.334258
13
S.
7 50 56.74
7 57 50.14
24 25 8.82
302 9 44.50
1 23.21
4.0
42.331830
14
N.
7 51 24.03
7 54 21.31
24 22 5.66
302 12 48.12
1 23.17
3.5
43.329414 ,
15
S.
7 51 55.24
7 50 56.52
+24 18 32.73
302 16 20.58
—1 24.00
+4.8
+44.327043
C— OBSEKYATIONS OF MAES II. WITH THE WASHINaTON EQUATOKIAL.
The corrections applied are —
379, January 24, No. 4, for U. 48m. 24s. 67
381,
26, *' 21,
Nos. 21 to 36,
383, February 2, No. 32,
384, ** 3, *' 10,
Kesults 385, '' 3, line 1,
2,
We have then the observations —
22/. 244
9
2r. 365
Ir. 152
Ir. 244
19". 12
dh. 4:5m. 245.67.
22r. 239
10
2r. 373
Ir. 132
Ir. 242
19". 09
MARS II.
Observations tvith the Washington Equatorial.
Date.
Obs. part.
Wash. S.T.
Wash. I^.T.
.t-T.
Star
No.
Star's 0,
Meas.Z)(J.
Refr.
Obs'd d.
No.
comp.
N.
S.
h. m. s.
h, m. s.
d.
o 1 II
/ //
II
° > II
1852.— Jan. 24
N. S.
6 25 40.24
10 11 16.02
—6.57551
79
+23 45 33.87
—7 25.50
0.13
+23 38 8.24
5
7
26
N. S.
6 22 36.53
10 21.00
4.58309
23 44
+5 46.98
.10
9
9
30
N. S.
7 27 24.70
10 49 14.91
-0.54913
24 12
— 40.22
.01
4
4
Feb. 2
N. S.
6 36 51.43
9 47 2.20
+2.40766
68
24 25 1.62
+ 20.73
.00
24 25 22.35
8
8
3
N. S.
6 42 46.55
9 49 0.43
+3.40903
64
+24 28 59.71
+ 28.87
0.01
+24 29 28.59
9
9
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Clxxii OBSERVATIONS.
The Greenwich volumes for 1851-52 give us™
D.— OBSERVATIONS OF MAES II. WITH THE GREENWICH TRANSIT-OIROLE,
MAKS II.
Observations with the Greenwich Transit- Circle,
Date.
Limb.
Gi-een. S.T.
Wash. M.T.
t-^T,
Circle- reading.
Refr.
Zenith corr.
Observed 0,
+ 8'
h. m. s.
h. m. s.
d.
//
//
//
o 1 II
1851
—Dec. 8
N. S.
9 8 3.89
10 50 39,2
— 53.54816
51.00
37.40
46.62
+ 19 28 28.20
26
C.
9 6 27.11
9 38 16.3
35.59842
5.78
37.17
46.83
20 24 8.44
1852
—Jan. 5
N. S.
8 57 47.85
8 50 20.2
25.63171
2G.33
34.42
47.34
21 24 50.13
7
C.
8 55 26.62
8 40 6.7
23.63881
36.19
34.02
47.34
21 38 40.67
9
N. S.
8 52 54.36
8 29 43.0
21.64603
27.93
33.56
47.34
21 52 49.40
20
N. S.
8 36 17.33
7 29 .53.6
10.68757
33.34
31.72
46.55
23 11 16.60
22
N. S.
8 32 57.69
7 18 42.7
8.69534
46.70
30.90
46.55
23 24 34.06
23
N., S.
8 31 17.19
7 13 6.6
7.69923
20.52
31.56
46.55
23 30 58.34
28
S.
8 22 54.93
6 45 6.2
2.71868
59.53
31.11
46.55
24 29.19
29
N. S.
8 21 15.98
6 39 31.6
1.79255
33.06
30.63
46.55
24 5 47.97
30
N. S.
8 19 38.16
6 33 58.1
-i 0.72641
28.31
30 72
46.55
24 10 52.13
Feb. 3
N. S.
8 13 19.72
6 11 57.1
-4- 3.25830
30.28
30.27
46.80
24 28 50.86
6
N. S.
8 8 54.50
5 55 44.8
6.24705
34.02
30.11
46.80
24 39 47.27
9
N. S.
8 4 49.93
5 39 53.2
9.23603
50.84
29.57
46.80
24 48 31.00
10
N. S.
8 3 33.42
5 34 41.0
10.23242
25.12
30.06
46.80
24 50 56.23
11
N. S.
8 2 19.95
5 29 31.8
11.22884
13.39
50.28
46.80
24 53 7.76
14
N. S.
7 58 56.03
5 14 20.6
14.21829
34.24
30.08
46.80
24 58 17.09
18
N. S.
7 55 7.83
4 54 49.4
,. 18.20474
22.60
29.39
46.87
25 1 59.34
20
N. S.
7 53 33.79
4 45 23.8
20.19189
43.18
30.16
46.87
25 2 37.99
26
C.
7 50 12.78
4 18 27.9
26.17949
28.75
.30.01
46.87
24 59 52.57
28
N. S.
7 49 33.01
4 9 56.5
28.17357
48.02
29.36
46.87
24 57 33.96
Mar. 2
N. S.
7 48 58.30
3 57 34. 7~
31.16498
25.27
29.82
46.45
24 52 56.67
3
N. S.
7 48 53.68
3 53 33.2
32.16219
14.94
30.36
46.45
24 51 6.44
4
N. S.
7 48 51.62
3 49 35.2
33.15944 .
11.51
30.90
46.45
24 49 9.35
5
C.
7 48 52.95
3 45 41.0
34.15672
18.88
31.15
46.45
24 47 1.73
6
S. N.
7 48 57.56
3 41 49.7
35.15404
31.82
31.00
46.45
24 44 48.94
8
C.
7 49 15.49
3 34 15.8
37.14879
24.36
30.62
46.45
24 39 56.88
9
c.
7 49 28.56
3 30 ^.9
38.14621
2.56
30.43
46.45
24 37 18.77
12
c.
7 50 26.41
3 19 42.9
41.13869
37.12
30.76
46.45
24 28 43.88
17
c.
7 52 57.11
3 2 33.6
46.12678
13.97
31.08
45.52
24 12 7.64
18
c.
7 53 35.12
2 59 15.6
47.12449
51.74
30.88
45.52
24 8 30.07
20
c.
7 54 .58.09
2 52 46.6
49.11998 •
30.03
30.96
45.52
24 51.70
22
c.
7 56 30.91
2 46 27.3
51.11559
34.02
30.45
45.52
23 52 48.22
23
c.
7 57 20.60
2 43 21.0
52.11344
45.67
30.27
45.52
23 48 36.75
25
c.
7 59 6.62
2 37 14.9
54.10920
23.69
31.35
45.52
23 39 57.65
27
c.
8 1 1.12
2 31 17.3
+ 56.10406
28.13
31.21
45.52
+23 30 53.35
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OBSERVATIONS. clxxiii
From the Memoirs of the Koyal Astronomical Society, volume XXI., we have—
E.— OBSERVATIONS OF MARS II. WITH THE CAPE MURAL-CIROLE.
MARS II.
Observations ivith the Cape Mural-Circle.
Date.
Assumed Cape S. T
. Wash. M. T.
t—T.
Circle-reading.
Zenith point.
Kefr.
Observed d.
o /
33 57
h. m. 5.
h. m. s.
d.
° / //
II
/ //
<' / //
1851-
-Dec. 22
9 8 22.2
8 42 11.8
— 39.63736 ,
339 56 59.41
0.53
1 18.89
+20 5 17.01
26
9 6 28.6
24 34.9
35.64960
38 7.14
0.95
1 19.14
20 24 9.95
29
9 4 27.9
10 40.7
32.65918
21 45.96
1.68
1 19.77
20 40 32.49
30
9 3 40.9
8 6 4.0
31.66245
15 53.11
0.81
1 17.89
20 46 22.59
1852
-Jan. 1
9 1 57.1
7 56 28.6
29.66911
3 44.37
1.52
1 20.38
20 58 34.53
2
9 1 0.4
51 36.2
28.67250
338 57 24.82
1.55
121.69
21 4 55.42
3
9 4
46 40.4
27.67592
50 53.50
1.61
1 21.28
21 11 26.39
5
8 57 51.3
36 39.8
25.68287
37 31.89
2.33
1 21.64
21 24 49.08
9
8 52 58.0
16 3.7
21.69718
9 34.69
3.74
1 22.67
21 52 48.72
10
8 51 38.0
10 48.0
20.70083
2 25.47
3.42
1 24.46
21 59 59.41
12
8 48 50.4
7 9.0
18.70823
337 47 58.55
3.44
1 23.74
22 14 25.63
13
8 47 23.1
6 54 46.1
17.71197
40 45.75
3.63
1 24.82
22 21 39.70
14
8 45 53.7
49 21.0
16.71573
33 33.38
4.30
1 26.05
22 28 53.97
15
8 44 22.4
43 54.0
15.71951
26 19.33
4.14
1 25.65
22 36 7.46
16
8 42 49.3
38 25.3
14.72332
19 10.04
4.53
1 26.05
22 43 17.54
19
8 38 0.9
21 49.9
11.73484
336 58 5.41
5.70
1 26.66
23 4 23.95
20
8 36 22.3
16 15.7
10.73871
51 14.37
6.22
1 26.15
23 11 15.00
21
8 34 42.9
10 40.7
9.74258
44 33.34
5.81
1 27.65
23 17 57.12
22
8 33 2.8
6 5 4.9
8.74647
37 58.39
6.57
1 28.64
23 24 33.82
23
8 31 22.4
5 59 28.9
7.75036
31 32.15
6.97
1 28.85
23 31 0.67
24
8 29 41.6
53 52.4
6.75426
25 15.26
7.11
1 29.03
23 37 17.88
25
8 26 20. J
42 39.7
4.76204
13 16.18
8.35
1 29.44
23 49 18.61
27
8 24 39.7
37 3.7
3.76593
7 32.14
8.80
1 29.28
23 55 2.94
29
8 21 21.0
25 53.6
— 1.77369
335 56 45.56
9.37
1 30.81
24 5 51.62
Feb. 2
8 14 56.7
5 3 46.8
•f 2.21096
37 49.78
10.87
1 31.02
24 24 49.11
3
8 13 24.3
4 58 18.8
3.20716
33 42.08
10.79
1 31.03
24 28 56.74
4
8 11 53.7
52 42.5
4.20339
29 48.86
10.92
1 31.93
24 32 50.99
5
8 10 25.2
47 22.3
5.19963
26 9.72
11.58
1 31.98
24 36 30.84
6
8 8 58.8
42 6.2
6.19591
22 46.33
12.01
1 32.56
24 39 55.24
7
8 7 34.7
36 46.4
7.19220
19 36.67
12.26
I 32.66
24 43 5.25
9
8 4 53.7
26 14.0
9.18488
14 0.14
13.50
1 31.85
24 48 42.21
10
8 3 37.1
21 1.8
10.18127
11 35.68
14.59
1 32.35
24 51 8.26
11
8 2 23.2
15 52.8
11.17769
9 24.94
15.03
1 33.14
24 53 20.23
12
8 1 12.2
10 45.5
12.17414
7 28.26
15.29
1 32.54
24 55 16.57
13
8 4.1
5 41.6
13.17062
5 46.73
15.62
1 33.05
24 56 58.94
14
7 '58 58.9
4 40.7
14.16714
4 17.26
16.31
1 32.79
24 58 28.84
16
7 56 58.2
3 50 48.5
16.16028
1 59.29
16.95
1 33.97
25 48.63
17
7 56 2.6
45 57.1
17.15691
1 7.70
17.30
1 32.63
25 1 39.23
18
7 55 10.3
41 9.1
18.15358
31.85
18.35
1 32.32
25 2 15.82
19
7 54 21,3
36 24.3
19.15028
8.56
18.67
1 33.51
25 2 40.62
20
7 53 35.7
31 42.9
20.14702
334 59 54.55
18.96
1 32.91
25 2 54.32
21
7 52 53.5
27 4.9
21.14381
59 56.21
19.68
1 31.79
25 2 52.26
23
7 51 39.3
17 59.1
23.13749
335 99.46
19.57
1 34.44
25 2 21.55
24
7 51 7.2
13 31.2
24.13439
1 1.64
20.58
1 33.03
25 1 48.97
25
7 50 38.7
3 9 6.9
25.13133
1 43.09
21.55
1 29.92
25 1 5.38 .
..
28
7 49 33.6
2 56 14.2
+28.12239
4 58.80
21.87
1 34.39
+24 57 54.46
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Clxxiv OBSERVATIONS.
And finally, from the Astronomische Nadir ichten^ N^- 833 —
F.— OBSEKVATIONS OF MAES II. WITH THE KREMSMUNSTEK MERIDIAN-
CIECLE.
MARS II.
Observations with the Kremsmunster Meridian-Git cle.
Date.
Kremsm. M. T.
Wash. M. T.
Observed (X.
Observed 0.
t—T.
h. m. s.
h. m. s.
h. m. a.
1 II
d.
1852-Jan. 20
12 38 18.91
6 33 34.31
8 36 19.84
-f-23 11 8.64
— 10.726686
24
12 15 55.21
6 11 10.61
8 29 38.95
23 37 9.22
— 6.742238
Feb. 8
10 53 32.34
4 48 47.74
8 6 10.72
24 45 49.51
4- 8.200553
9
10 48 17.33
4 43 32.73
8 4 51.53
24 48 29.94
9.196907
10
10 43 4.93
4 38 20.33
8 3 34.96
24 50 55.64
10.193291
24
9 35 34.89
3 30 50.29
7 51 5.85
25 1 34.31
24.146415
25
9 31 10.78
3 26 26.18
7 50 37.38
25 54.03
25.143358
26
9 26 50.46
3 22 5.86
7 50 12.33
24 59 55.86
26.140345
Mar. 6
8 50 10.50
2 45 25.90
7 48 56.04
24 44 58.97
35.114883
7
8 46 22.11
2 41 37.51
7 49 3.43
24 42 37.25
36.112239
8
8 42 36.23
2 37 51.63
7 49 13.80
24 40 3.54
37.109625
14
8 21 3.15
2 16 18.55
7 51 16.54
24 22 40.59
43.096659
16
8 14 13.92
2 9 29.32
7 52 19.33
24 15 52.30
45.089923
These complete our data, so far as Mars is concerned.
III. FIRST SERIES OF OBSERVATIONS OF VENUS.
The observations of Venus are, as lias already been stated, far less numerous than those of
Mars; and not only do the rich series garnered by Lieutenant Grilliss, at Santiago, find no
corresponding comparisons on the same nights with the same star, but there are scarcely a suffi-
cient total number of observations in the northern hemisphere for the deduction of trustworthy
results, even by the circuitous and time-consuming methods which it has been found necessary
to employ. Two hundred and one Santiago observations are to be compared with the seventy-
four which can be obtained from northern observers. Of these, 83 are the results of micro-
metric comparisons at Santiago, and 118 are meridian determinations made there. The
northern hemisphere furnishes, during the same two conjunctions, 22 micrometric observa-
tions at Washington, 34 meridian ones at Grreenwich, two at Altona, and 16 at Cracow.
From these we are to endeavor to extract the best .determination of the parallax which they
will aiford.
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OBSERVATIONS.
clxxv
Apparent jdaces of stars compared ivith Venus during the first series of observations.
No.
Date.
Reduction in
Apparent
Reduction in
Apparent
110
a.
d.
a.
8.
No.
Date.
«.
d.
«.
d.
1850— Oct. 18
20
s.
4-0.92
0,91
II
+2.66
2.75
h. m. s.
16 40 56
40 56
° 1 II
—26 28 25.3
25.2
129
1851.— Jan. 26
29
s.
-1.76
1.68
II
+4.92
4.74
h. TYl. S.
17 46 21
46 21
° / //
-18 15 23.2
23.4
111
Oct. 19
21
+0.92
0.90
+2.71
2.80
16 42 57
42 57
—26 39 27.9
27.8
130
1850.— Nov. 9
11
+0.95
0.94
+4.58
4.67
17 47 15
47 15
—28 2 0.8
0.7
112
Oct. 20
22
-fO.93
0.91
+2.84
2.94
16 49 13
49 13
—26 52 17.9
17.8
131
Nov. 9
12
+0.97
0.95
+4.72
4.82
17 52 25
52 25
—27 51 53.5
53.4
113
Oct. 20
22
+0.93
0.91
+2.84
2.94
16 50 6
50 6
—26 56 32.4
32.3
132
Nov. 9
11
+0.97
0.96
+4.75
4.82
17 53 29
53 29
—27 49 5.8
5.8
114
Oct. 21
23
+0.93
0.91
+2.91
3.01
16 52
52
—27 1 14.8
14.7
133
Nov. 12
14
+0.96
0.95
+4.89
4.94
17 55 55
55 55
—27 50 4.5
4.5
115
Oct. 22
24
+0.93
0.94
+3.03
3.13
16 54 43
54 43
—26 59 38.4
38,3
134
Nov. 14
16
+0.95^
0.94
+5.07
5.13
17 59 7
59 7
—27 39 20.4
20.3
116
Oct. 23
25
+0.94
0.92
+3.13
3.22
16 59 45
59 45
—27 11 44.2
44.1
135
Nov. 13
15
+0.96
0.95
+5.02
' 5.09
17 59 51
59 51
-27 44 56.5
56.5
117
Oct. 24
27
+0.96
0.93
+3.30
3.42
17 7 9
7 9
—27 23 5.4
5.3
136
Dec. 2
.6
+0.92
0.92
+6.03
6.07
18 4 8
4 8
-25 10 47.1
47.1
118
1851.— Jan. 5
10
15
—2.14
2.02
1.81
+7.58
7.20
6.80
17 11 15
11 15
11 15
-17 35 35.2
35.6
36.0
137
138
Nov. 15
18
Nov. 29
+0.97
0.95
+0.92
+5.20
5.31
+5.94
18 4 47
4 47
18 6 41
—27 32 3.4
3.3
-25 44 59.6
119
1850.— Oct. 28
+0.94
+3.47
17 12 51
—27 50 49.5
Dec. 1
0.92
5.98
6 41
59.5
31
0.91
3,61
12 51
49.3
139
Nov. 17
+0.96
+5.33
18 7 2
—27 27 14.2
120
Oct. 26
+0 96
+3.48
17 13 23
—27 31 21.2
19
0.95
5.40
7 2
14.1
30
0.92
3.64
13 23
21.0
140
Nov. 20
+0.94
+5.52
18 8 41
—27 5 20.8
121
Oct. 30
+0.93
+3.58
17 13 52
—27 48 59.1
22
0.94
5.57
8 41
20.7
Nov. 1
0.91
3.66
13 62
59.0
141
1851.— Feb. 4
—1.63
+3.77
18 9 3
—18 50 44.9
122
1851.— Jan. 14
—1.93
+6.79
17 13 53
—17 33 2.1
6
1.58
3.68
9 3
44.9
18
1.83
6.47
13 53
2.4
142
1850.- Nov. 28
+0.92
+5.94
18 9 31
—25 59 3.7
123
Jan. 17
—1.89
+6.32
17 21 16
—17 41 6.1
30
0.93
5.97
9 31
3.6
19
1.83
6.16
21 16
6.3
143
Nov. 27
+0.93
+5.90
18 11 54
—26 8 36.9
124
Jan. 19
—1.85
+6.04
17 25 16
—17 43 26.6
28
0.93
5.92
11 54
30.9
•
21
1.77
5.88
25 16
26.8
144
1851.— Feb. 5
—1.62
+3.62
18 12 35
—18 55 12.7
125
1850.— Nov. 1
+0.96
+4.14
17 28 46
—27 56 53.2
8
1.54
3.50
12 35
12.8
3
5
0.94
0.93
4.03
4.10
28 46
28 46
53.4
63.3
145
1850.— Nov. 25
27
+0.94
0.93
+5.84
5.90
18 13 2
13 2
-26 28 43.0
42.9
126
1851.— Jan. 22
26
-1.80
1.96
+5.63
5.36
17 31 59
31 59
—17 59 46.5
46.7
146
Nov. 24
26
+0.94
0.94
+5.85
5.89
18 15 20
16 20
-26 33 47.7
47.6
127
Jan. 23
27
-1.81
1.70
+6.33
5 08
17 38 42
38 42
—18 2 38.1
38.4
147
Nov. 23
25
+0.95
0.95
+5.84
5.89
18 18 24
18 24
—26 42 54.7
54.7
128
1850.— Nov. 5
9
+0.97
0.94
+4.37
4.52
17 43 53
43 53
—28 50.1
50.0
148
1851— Feb. 9
11
— 1.57
1.51
+3.12
3.05
18 23 41
23 41
-19 4 20.9
20.9
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cli^xvi
OBSERVATIONS.
A.— OBSEKVATIONS OF VENUS I. WITH THE SANTIAGO EQUATOKIAL.
The following changes have been made from the printed observations :
Page 222, October 22
223, '< 23,
228-9, '' 26,
233-4, November 2,
241,
244-5, '<
261-2, January
264, *'
269,
13,
15,
14,
16,
24,
Kemarks.— All the observations from N^. 57, inclusive, are assumed to be recorded 1 rev. too
great ; not the others too small, as printed.
NO. 34, Micr. for 20r. 37 read 207-. 78.
The sign of aJ should be negative.
'< '< '' positive.
<' 22, Micr. for 4r. 15 read 4r. 45.
The names of the objects are transposed.
The sign of A^ should be positive.
" 14, a5 for 0. 8J read 0. 78J.
Eemarks /or corrected diameter 38". 00 read 37''. 93
And for the results to be adopted and employed, the corrections and modifications are these :
for 12r. 004 =i 3' 63". 96 read
Page 217,
219,
227,
229,
234,
238,
2.39,
244,
245,
252,
253,
255,
October
19, line
20, ''
*' 25,
'' 26,
November 2,
8,
10,
14,
15,
12r. 004 =1 3' 53". 96 read 12r. 149 = 3' 56". 61.
6.615 '' 6.614.
'■'■ 8. 844 =2' 52". 37 '' 8. 846 i=z 2' 52". 41.
The sign of A J should be negative.
" «< " " positive.
fcyr llf. 683 — 3' 47". 72 read llr. 689 — 3' 47''. 82.
'« 2' 25". 29 '* 2' 25". 30.
'' 6r. 238 — 2'1'. 58 '' 6r. 246 = 2' 1". 75.
1, 2, The names of the objects are transposed, and the signs of Aa and A^ become positive.
2, for eleven, read twelve.
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
December
258, January
262,
266, "
272,
277, February
280,
26,
29,
3,
10,
1^,
17,
28,
6,
10,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
4' 26". 03
4 40 . 14
2 42 .10
6 12 .60
4' 25". 03.
4 45 . 14.
2 41 .73.
6 11 . 60.
The sign of a5 should be positive.
for 2' 34". 20 read 2' 34". 24.
«♦ 67*. 045= r38". 33 "■ 4r. 992 zz: T 37". 28.
6.379 =zl44 .84 '* 6.375 zi: 1 44 .76.
1, 2, The sign of Lh should be positive.
for
Ir. 834
13/i. 46w. 19S.77
13 45 28 .11
Ir. 835.
13/i. 41?7i. 19s. 77.
13 40 28. 11.
We thus obtain our table of observations in the same form as the previous ones for Mars.
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OBSERVATIONS.
clxxvii
VENUS I.
Observations with the Santiago Equatorial.
Date.
Obs.
part.
Sant. S.T.
Wash. M.T.
t—T,
Star
N°.
Star's d.
Meas'd D 8
Refr.
Obs'd (J.
N°. of
comp,
N. S.
h. m. s.
h. m. s.
d.
° 1 II
1 II
II
1850
.—Oct. 19
N.
22 25 50.70
8 7 22.03
—56.66155
110
—26 28 25.21
—3 .56.61
0.22
—26 32 22,04
33
20
N.
22 11 55.14
7 49 32.85
55.67392
111
26 39 27.85
-2 8.93
.08
26 41 36.86
36
22
N.
22 21 4.80
7 50 49.19
53.67304
114
27 1 14.74
+2 32.53
.15
26 58 42.06
44
23
N.
22 19 41.90
7 45 30 ."Si
52.67673
115
26 59 38.32
—6 47.09
.26
27 6 25.67
40
24
N.
22 6 7.53
7 28 2.55
51.68886
116
27 11 44.10
—1 46.81
.06
27 13 30.97
36
25
N.
22 36 59.11
7 54 53.17
50.67022
117
—27 23 5.40
+2 52.41
.02
—27 20 12.97
21
26
N.
22 16 46.07
7 30 47.53
49.68695
117
27 23 5.36
—3 8.72
.10
27 26 14.18
27
29
N.
21 55 30.16
6 57 47.39
46.70987
119
27 50 49.40
+9 46.65
.24
27 41 2.51
3
N.
23 22 33.58
8 24 36.55
46.64958
119
27 50 49.40
+9 33.24
.80
27 41 15.36
4
30
N.
22 51 43.36
7 49 55.56
45.67366
119
27 50 49.35
+5 43.61
.23
27 45 5.51
5
31
N.
22 58 51.39
7 53 6.42
44.67145
121
—27 48 59.03
+ 28.73
.02
-27 48 30.28
9
Nov. 1
N.
22 41 8.48
7 31 30.50
43.68645
125
27 56 53.24
+5 33.40
.19
27 51 19.65
22
2
N.
22 59 11.28
7 45 34.44
42.67668
125
27 56 53.30
+3 12.29
.13
27 53 40.88
31
4
N.
22 33 37,34
7 12 12.87
40.69985
125
27 56 53.31
+ 4.76
.00
27 56 48.55
9
6
N.
22 58 11.79
7 28 51.48
38.68829
128
28 50.07
+2 54.94
.07
27 57 55.06
19
7
N.
22 59 47.05
7 26 30.57
37.68992
128
—26 50.03
+3 8.02
.11
—27 57 41,90
17
8
N.
22 59 3.94
7 21 51.67
36.69315
128
28 49.99
+3 47.82
.12
27 57 2.05
18
10
N.
22 28 27.40
6 43 28.32
34.71981
131
27 51 53.44
—2 25.29
.06
27 54 18.79
1
11
N.
23 24 2.89
7 34 58.80
33.68404
131
27 51 53.41
— 12.32
.01
27 52 5.74
29
13
N.
23 29 15.60
7 32 18.84
31.68589
133
27 50 4.50
+3 38.52
.15
27 46 25.83
24
14
N.
23 34 40.74
7 33 47.17
30.68487
135
—27 44 56.48
+2 1.75
.09
—27 42 54.64
27
15
N.
22 49 23.55
6 44 41.50
29.71896
134
27 39 20.34
+ 16.27
.01
27 39 4.06
3
N.
23 35 11.06
7 30 21.51
29.68724
134
2T 39 20.34
+ 25.26
.02
27 38 55.06
12
16
N.
23 30 58.43
7 22 13.65
28.69290
137
27 32 3.33
—2 27.03
.10
27 34 30.46
18
17
N.
23 13 10,49
7 32.73
27.70796
137
27 32 3.30
+2 24.05
.08
27 29 39.17
10
18
N.
23 42 16.68
7 25 38.23
26.69053
139
—27 27 14.11
+3 1.65
.15
—27 24 12.31
22
21
N.
23 28 8.62
6 59 44.76
23.70851
140
27 5 20.73
— 6.98
.00
27 5 27.69
22
24
N.
23 57 11.67
7 16 55.32
20.69658
147
26 42 54.67
+ 35.02
.03
26 42 19.62
2
25
N.
8 5.64
7 23 51.60
19.69176
146
26 33 47.63
+ 9.35
0.01
26 33 38,27
7
26
N.
49 46.83
8 1 30.04
18.66563
145
26 28 42.94
+4 25.03
1.35
26 24 16,56
3
28
N.
14 4.63
7 18 1.87
16.69581
143
-26 8 36.91
+3 42.95
0.37
—26 4 53.59
8
29
N.
29 46.56
7 29 45.32
15.68767
142
25 59 3.64
+4 45.14
.71
25 54 17.79
1
30
N.
25 42.47
7 21 45.99
14.69322
138
25 44 59.54
+1 46.05
.27
25 43 13.22
9
Dec. 3
s.
30 49.80
7 15 4.75
—11.69786
136
25 10 47.12
+2 41.73
.56
28 8 4.83
5
1851.-
—Jan. 6
s.
11 27 7.05
16 55 53.50
+22.70548
118
17 35 35 24
—3 3.93
.24
17 38 39.41
4
7
S.
11 31 6.03
16 55 55.91
23.70551
118
—17 35 35.32
+ 15.67
.02
-17 35 19.63
4
8
s.
11 37 27.35
15 58 20.27
24.66551
118
17 35 35.39
+2 55.14
.24
17 32 40.01
5
9
s.
11 37 11.14
15 .54 8.20
25.66260
118
17 35 35.48
+4 52.97
.32
17 30 42,19
7
10
s.
11 34 1,83
15 47 3.49
26.65768
118
17 35 35.56
+6 11.60
.43
17 29 23.53
11
11
S.
11 16 42.64
15 25 51.23
27.64295
118
17 35 35.64
+6 54.10
.79
17 28 40,75
6
12
S.
11 42 8.19
15 47 16.70
28.65783
118
—17 35 35.72
+7 0.63
.44
-17 28 34.65
18
14
s.
11 57 19.97
15 54 34.17
30.66290
118
17 35 35.88
+5 33.36
.29
17 30 2.23
27
15
s.
1] 55 21.72
15 48 40.34
31.65880
122
17 33 2.17
+1 37.80
.09
17 31 24.28
30
16
s.
11 56 53.91
15 46 16.36
32.65713
122
17 33 2.25
— 16.88
.01
17 33 19.14
22
17
s.
12 50.34
15 46 16.23
33.65713
122
17 33 2.33
—2 34.24
.15
17 35 36.72
14
18
s.
11 53 17.70
15 34 48.92
34.64918
123
-17 41 6.18
+2 54.50
.18
-17 38 11.50
10
20
s.
12 50.32
15 34 28.48
36.64894
124
17 43 26.72
—1 0.13
.06
17 44 26.91
18
24
s.
12 18 45.78
15 36 37.37
40.65043
127
18 2 38.18
+2 54.75
.14
17 59 43.29
8
26
s.
12 27 11.97
15 37 10.36
42.65081
127
18 2 38.30
-5 37,72
.26
18 8 16.28
15
27
s.
12 31 55.96
15 37 57.65
43.65136
129
18 15 23.24
+2 47.07
,13
18 12 35.04
8
28
s-
12 37 33.58
15 39 38.45
44.65253
129
—18 15 23.30
-1 37.28
.07 -
-18 17 0.65
13
Feb. 5
s.
13 7 24.77
15 37 57.48
52.65136
141
18 50 44.89
+ 48.67
.03
18 49 56.19
23
N.
13 19 5.63
15 49 36.43
52.65945
141
18 50 44.89
+1 21.64
,05
18 49 23,20
17
6
N. S.
13 27 44.73
15 54 18.19
53.66271
144
18 55 12.69
+2 1.79
.06
18 53 10.84
25 25
7
N.S.
13 20 46.12
15 43 24.82
54.65515
144
18 55 12,73
—1 12.94
.04
18 56 25.71
12 12
10
N.S.
13 37 43.29
15 48 31.48
+57.65869
148 -
- 19 4 20.90
— 19.82
0.01
-19 4 40.73
12 12
Y-O.
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clxxviii
OBSERVATIONS.
B.— OBSERVATIONS OF VENUS I. WITH THE SANTIAGO MERIDIAN-CIRCLE.
After making the annexed correction in the printed observations^
Page 322,
NO. 35,
Obs'd app. 6 for
— 220 68^7^79
read
— 220 59' 7'^ 79
*' 39,
Date,
December 20,
December 21.
'' 43,
Object,
N. L.
S.L.
- 43,
Corr. forSemid.
+ 30''. 8
— 30". 8
323,
- 4,
App. a
11 h. ISm. 6U93
17^. 12m. 51s. 93
" 4,
Obs'd transit.
17 13 59. 40
17 12 59. 40
- 5,
Object,
N.L.
S.L.
- 5,
Corr. for Semid.
+ 30^4
— 30". 4
325,
- 24,
Obs'd app. S
— 180 4' 56". 79
— 180 4' 38". 49
we have the series following :
VENUS I.
Observations with the Santiago Meridian-Circle,
Observed
t—T,
Refr.
Nadir.
Date.
Obs. part.
Santiago S.T.
Washington M.T.
a.
8.
Circle-reading.
^. m. s.
h. m. s.
h. m. s.
o I II
d.
o / //
II
II
1850
.-Oct. 19
N.
16 39 31.25
2 21 59.32
16 39 31.25
— 2G 30 16.65
-56.90140
353 3 53.68
— 6.34
— 2.92
20
N.
16 43 21.01
2 21 52.54
16 43 21.01
26 39 56.01
55.90148
353 13 25.30
6.20
5.18
21
N.
16 47 8.56
2 21 43.56
16 47 8.56
26 48 36.91
54.90158
353 22 23.55
6.06
6.47
22
N.
16 50 54.27
2 21 32.75
16 50 54.27
26 57 0.18
53.90171
353 30 46.85
5.99
6.57
23
N.
16 54 36.67
2 21 18.63
16 54 36.67
27 4 52.54
52,90187
353 38 39.00
5.83
6.52
24
N.
16 58 15.02
2 21 0,46
16 58 15.02
27 12 11.56
51.90208
353 45 54.17
5.75
2.75
25
N.
17 1 53.48
2 20 42.44
17 1 53.48
27 18 53.98
50.90229
353 52 36,75
5.58
3.08
26
N.
17 5 27.56
2 20 20.03
17 5 27.56
27 25 21.38
49.90255
353 59 3.42
5.48
2,45
27
N.
17 8 57.95
2 19 53.93
17 8 57.95
27 30 44.04
48.90285
354 4 28.22
5.47
4.60
28
N.
17 12 24.89
2 19 24.40
17 12 24.89
27 35 51.73
47.90319
354 9 35.68
5.42
4.42
30
N.
17 19 8.62
2 18 15.05
17 19 8.62
27 44 24.03
45.90399
354 18 8.00
5.26
4.60
31
N.
17 22 24.27
2 17 34.41
17 22 24.27
27 47 56.36
44.90446
354 21 40.90
5.11
5.32
Nov. 1
N.
17 25 35.56
2 16 49.27
17 25 35.56
27 50 57.61
43.90498
354 24 41.15
5.08
4.35
2
N.
17 28 42.34
2 15 59.64
17 28 42.34
27 53 20.45
42.90556
354 27 8.48
5.03
8.89
4
N.
17 34 41.81
2 14 6.31
17 34 41.81
27 57 23.25
40.90687
354 31 10.75
5.01
8.38
5
N.
17 37 33.47
2 13 1,76
17 37 33.47
27 57 36.57
39.90762
354 31 23.40
4.97
7.75
7
N.
17 43 0.84
2 10 36.26
17 43 0.84
27 58 0.16
37.90930
354 31 ;14.93
4.98
5.68
8
N.
17 45 35.51
2 9 14.59
17 45 35.51
27 57 26.52
36.91025
354 31 11.68
5.00
6.05
10
N.
17 50 25.31
2 6 11.78
17 50 25.31
27 54 49.85
34.91236
354 28 36.78
5.09
7.73
11
N.
17 52 40.15
2 4 30.35
17 52 40.15
27 52 50.56
33.91354
354 26 37.23
5.08
7.48
13
N.
17 56 47.85
2 45.55
17 56 47.85
27 47 19.97
31.91614
354 21 9.33
5.18
10.05
14
N.
17 58 40.22
1 58 41.70
17 58 40.22
27 43 56.15
30.91757
354 17 47.20
5.06
11.88
15
N.
18 24.55
1 56 29.84
18 24.55
27 40 7.95
29.91910
354 13 58.10
5.19
10.85
16
N.
18 2 0.22
154 9.34
18 2 0.22
27 35 45.83
28.92072
354 9 35.90
5.23
10.73
17
N.
18 3 27.29
1 51 40.27
18 3 27.29
27 30 55.13
27.92245
354 4 48.30
5.48
13.58
18
N.
18 4 45.42
1 49 2.27
18 4 45.42
27 25 36 .55
26.92428
353 59 31.23
5.39
15.18
19
N.
18 5 54.46
1 46 15.21
18 5 54.46
27 19 58.79
25.92621
353 53 52.43
5.43
14.10
2U
N.
18 6 53.87
1 43 18.55
18 6 53.87
27 13 47.94
24.92826
353 47 44.15
5.65
16.45
21
N.
18 7 43.45
1 40 12.08
18 7 43.45
27 7 11.85
23.93042
353 41 5.13
5.72
13.45
23
S.
18 8 52.38
1 33 29.01
18 8 52.38
26 53 22.88
21.93508
353 27 17.13
5.99
14.15
26
N.
18 9 17.96
1 21 6.78
18 9 17.96
26 27 5,68
18.94377
353 1 0.80
6.28
14.73
27
N.-
18 9 5.15
1 17 58.10
18 9 5.15
26 17 38.52
17.94586
352 51 33.05
6.52
13.90
28
N.
- 18 8 40.99
1 13 38.09
18 8 40.99
26 7 46.14
16.94886
352 41 38.45
6.72
11.48
30
N.
18 6 21.70
1 3 27.37
18 6 21.70
25 46 25.73
14.95593
352 20 24.73
7.04
17.85
Dec. 2
M.
18 5 18.98
54 32.99
18 5 18.98
25 23 7.48
12.96212
351 57 6.48
7.36
17.53
4
N.
18 2 35.47
43 58.11
18 2 35,47
24 57 51.47
10.96947
351 31 51.50
7.77
18.15
5
N.
18 59.25
38 26.24
18 59.25
24 44 28.02
9.97331
351 18 28.25
7.94
18.18
8
N.
17 55 17.63
20 57.82
17 55 17.63
24 1 29.42
6.98544
350 .35 20.88
8.57
8.78
10
N.
17 50 52.46
8 41.55
17 50 52.46
23 30 45.64
4.99396
350 4 36.78
9.02
8.02
(12)
N.
17 46 5.19
(11) 23 56 3.24
17 46 5.19
- 22 58 36.79
— 3.00274
• 349 32 30.13
— 9.44
— 9.83
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OBSERVATIONS.
Observations with the Santiago Meridian-Oircle— Continued.
clxxix
Date.
Obs. part
Santiago S.T.
Washington M. T
Observed
a.
8,
- t—T.
Circle-reading.
Refr.
Nadir.
h. m. s.
h. m. s.
k. m. s.
O f II
d.
1850.
—Oct. (13)
S.
17 43 35.16
(12)23 49 37.70
17 43 35.16
— 22 43 9.85
— 2.00721
349 17 2.25
//
— 9.59
II
— 8.70
21
s.
17 2122.54
22 52 5.52
17 21 22.54
20 14 2,1.15
+ 6.95558
346 48 36.73
12.27
13.20
22
s.
17 19 8.98
22 45 56.42
17
19 59 27.16
7.94857
346 33 27.22
12.40
13.55
29
s.
17 8 4.90
22 7 22.78
17 8 4.90
18 31 29.45
14.92179
345 5 20.53
13.87
3.10
31
s.
17 6 19.63
21 57 42.62
17 6 19.63
18 13 16.49
16.91508
344 47 8.75
14.20
3.95
1851
—•Jan. 5
s.
17 4 53.11
21 36 40.12
17 4 53.11
17 41 51.79
21.90046
344 15 47.15
14.85
6.40
6
s.
17 5 5.71
21 32 56.78
17 5 5.71
17 37 56.73
22.89788
344 11 53.85
14.63
8.48
7
s.
17 5 27 64
21 29 22.74
17 5 27.64
17 34 46.03
23.89540
344 8 42.45
14.81
7.50
8
s.
17 5 58.98
21 25 58.08
17 5 58.98
17 32 16.93
24.89303
344 6 13.50
14.78
7.68
9
s.
17 6 39.46
21 22 42.54
17 6 39.46
17 30 29.83
25.89077
344 4 26.88
14.74
8.20
10
s.
17 7 28.90
21 19 35.94
17 7 28.90
17 29 19.80
26.88861
344 3 16.28
14.74
7.63
11
s.
17 8 27.17
21 16 38.13
17 8 27.17
17 28 48.40
27.88655
344 2 47.85
14.84
10.50
12
s.
17 9 33.99
21 13 48.85
17 9 33.99
17 28 46.54
28.88459
344 2 49.08
14.68
13.75
13
s.
17 10 49.18
21 11 7.93
17 10 49.18
17 29 21.51
29.88273
344 3 23.48
14.78
13.05
14
s.
17 12 12.28
21 8 34.90
17 12 12.28
17 30 25.68
30.88096
344 4 29.88
14.69
15.40
15
s.
17 13 43.34
21 6 9.80
17 13 43.34
17 31 57.25
31.87928
344 5 58.88
14.64
12.88
16
s.
17 15 21.82
21 3 52.10
17 15 21.82
17 33 55.61
32.87769
344 7 58.73
14.63
14.38
17
s.
17 17 7.73
21 1 41.89
17 17 7.73
17 36 16.86
33.87618
344 10 19.18
14.78
13.43
20
s.
17 23 7.59
20 55 52.95
17 23 7.59
17 45 18.41
36.87214
344 19 18.48
14.63
11.33
21
s.
17 25 20.84
20 54 9.93
17 25 20.84
17 48 53.62
37.87095
344 22 54.43
14.30
12.40
22
s.
17 27 40.15
20 52 32.95
17 27 40,15
17 52 41.51
38.86982
344 26 43.40
14.28
13.50
23
s.
17 30 5.62
20 51 2.11
17 30 5.62
17 56 36.81
39.86877
344 30 41.08
14.18
15.98
24
s.
17 32 36.84
20 49 37.01
17 32 36.84
18 44.42
40.86779
344 34 47.43
14.25
14.65
25
s.
17 35 13.73
20 48 17.56
17 35 13.73
18 4 56.79
41.86687
344 39 0.50
14.27
15.33
26
s.
17 37 55.96
20 47 3.44
17 37 55.96
18 9 18.20
42.86601
344 43 18.70
14.24
12.15
27
s.
17 40 43.29
20 45 54.40
17 40 43.29
18 13 38.97
43.86521
344 47 42.73
14.22
15.43
28
s.
17 43 35.68
20 44 50.41
17 43 35.68
18 18 3.58
44.86447
344 52 6,05
14.13
14.43
Feb. 3
s.
18 2 25.00
20 40 1,20
. 18 2 25.00
18 43 22.23
50.86112
345 17 20.78
13.74
—10.70
5
s.
18 9 13.90
20 38 57.16
18 9 13.90
18 50 48.16
52.86038
345 24 35.50
13.61
+ 0.38
— 1.48
6
s.
18 12 43.57
20 38 30.35
18 12 43.57
18 54 12.44
53.86007
345 28 1.45
13.42
7
s.
18 16 16.99
20 38 7.28
18 16 16.99
18 57 27.12
54.85981
345 31 17.00
13.42
2.35
lb
s.
18 27 15.75
20 37 16.51
18 27 15.75 -
- 19 5 35.59 -
f-57.85922
345 39 24.78
—13.40
— 1.68
C.-OBSEEVATIONS OF VENUS I. WITH THE WASHINGTON EQUATORIAL.
The re(iuisite corrections appear to be, for these observation, thus :
Page
391,
392,
395,
397,
399,
400,
401,
402,
403,
404,
October
November
22,
28,
January
9,
13,
21,
13,
15,
15,
24,
No. 18, A^ /or llr. 989 read 10.989
I^e whole series of printed a a is evidently computed by the employment of the differences
corresponding to the third and second threads, instead of the second and first ; and it has
been taken for granted that the observation was made in ^his way. Otherwise the A(J must
be increased by 3^^0 and 3'Ml respectively!
No. 3, Ad fm- 21r. 736 read 21r. 734
" 15 "> llr. 140 <* llr. 144
The sign of aJ should be negative.
No. 16, Aa /or '26r. 171 read 26r. 231
Micr. perhaps 46r. 391, which has been adopted.
No. 6-.9, Some error in the time must exist here, probably in the minutes ; as also between
Nos. 33 and 41.
No. 76, Micr. for 2 59. 631 read 2 57. 631
The comparison-star is not in Taylor,
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clxxx
OBSERVATIONS,
And for the deduced results we have-
Insert page
390,
390,
391,
October
21,
21,
lines 1, 2,
22, line
'' 392,
((
28,
((
7,
" 395,
November
2,
((
1,
'* 396,
<<
9,
ii
5,7,
*(
10,
11
5,
Insert page 396,
u
10,
'* 398,
((
14,
11
1,3
" 399,
((
21,
** 404,
January
15,
( (
7,8
f(yr er. 132 =: 1^ 34^'. 26 read 6r. 198 =z V 35", 26
The comparisons in declination with the second star give —
Venus S — ^ (4 comparisons) =z -f- 23r. 045 =: 5' 54". 24,Ap == 2. "49
a. N — ^ (4 " ) =: 4- 24 . 775 =: 6 20 . 83,Ap = 2. 89
Mean Chron'r time for 5h. 57m. 9s. 72 read bh. 56w. 48s. 55
Mean
Chron'
r
A^
M
2' 17" 22
lln 135 == 2' 51". 16
5' 24''. 35
6h. 42m. 44s. 38
21r.793 = 5"35".00
two
" 2' 17". 26
llr. 315 =: 2' 53". 92
5' 24'^ 25
time 5h. 41m. 295.38
21r. 797 = 6' 35". 06
< ' three
The comparisons in declination with the second star give —
Venus S — ^ (2 comparisons) =: — 14r. 231 z= 3' 38". 74 Ap =: 1'^ 32
a ]Sr — ^ (2 *' ) zz: — 11 . 367 = 2 54 . 73 Ap =: 1 . 05
A^ for Ir. 948 =: 27'^ 94 read Ir. 815 — 21". 90
The sign of A^ should be negative.
AJ /or 6r. 879 = 1'45".74 read 67-. 900 == 1'46".06
The comparison-star is Argel .391. 70.
The observation of October 19 is excluded from the discussion.
VEJVUS I.
Observations with the Washington Equatorial.
Date.
Obs. part.
Wash. S.T.
Wash. M.T.
t—T.
Star N°.
Star's d.
Meas'd Dd.
Refr.
Obs'd 8,
N"*. comp.
N. S.
1850.
h. m. s.
h. m. s.
Q
/ //
1 II
//
1 II
Oct. 19
N. S.
20 8 23.71
6 16 6.61
—56.738816
110
—26
28 25.21
—4 23.86
1.78
-26 32 50.85
4 3
21
N.S.
20 11 51.14
6 11 41.66
54.736182
j 112
I 113
-{
52 17.85
56 32.32
+1 52.72
+6 7.54
0.70
2.69
26 50] 24.43
t 22.09
4 4
' 4 4
22
N.S.
20 1 25.02
5 57 23.35
53.751814
114
27
1 14.74
+2 34.19
0.46
26 58 40.09
5 4
28
N.S.
20 25 35.48
5 57 52.40
47.751478
120
27
31 21.08
—5 42.23
2.01
27 37 5.32
3 3
Nov. 1
N.S.
20 31 13.19
5 47 45.55
43.758501
125
27
56 53.24
+5 0.07
1.47
27 51 51.70
4 4
2
N.S.
20 30 26.21
5 43 2.80
42.761773
125
27
56 53.29
+2 38.23
0.70
27 54 14.36
8 8
9
N.S.
20 52 45.79
5 37 47.36
35.765424
130
28
2 0.83
+5 11.49
1.54
27 56 47.80
3 3
10
N.S.
20 58 58.72
5 40 3.36
34.763950
131
27
51 53.45
—3 16.74
1.18
27 55 11.37
2 2
N.S.
20 36 45.51
5 17 53.79
34.779239
130
28
2 0.78
+6 47.88
1.88
27 55 11.02
2 3
13
N.S.
21 3 43.99
5 33 0.13
31.768748
133
27
50 4.50
+2 28.78
0.80
27 47 34.92
4 4
14
N.S.
20 59 54.68
5 25 15.53
30.774127
135
27
44 56.48
+ 50.52
0.24
27 44 5.72
4 4
21
N.S.
21 17 19.48
5 15 6.11
—23.781180
140
—27
5 20.73
—1 32.02
0.44
27 6 55.19
10 11
1851.
Jan. 13
N.S.
14 12 19.71
18 38 56.76
+29.777047
118
17
35 35.80
+6 20.50
6.13
17 29 9.17
12 12
15
N.S.
13 54 26.81
18 13 14.98
31.759202
122
17
33 2.17
+1 21.56
0.14
17 31 40.47
16 16
24
N.S.
14 21 23.34
18 4 43.90
+40.753286
126
—17
59 46.61
— 27.22
0.05
—18 13.88
4 4
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OBSERVATIONS. clxxx l
From the G-reenwich volumes we -obtain the meridian observations,
D.— OBSEKVATIONS OF VENUS I. WITH THE GKEENWICH MURAL CIKCLE.
VENUS I.
Observations with the Greenwich Mural Circle,
Date.
Obs.
part.
Green. S.T.
Wash. M.T.
t-T.
Circle-reading.
Refr.
Zenith Pt. corr.
Observed 3,
Semid.
83° 31/
h. m. 8,
h. m, s.
d.
//
/ //
//
° 1 II
II
1850 — Oct. 15
S.
16 23 6.00
— 2 20 12.3
— •61.09736
51.95
4 9.91
26.52
— 25 44 43.06
15.11
16
0.
16 27 3.85
2 20 11.
60.09770
25.13
4 11.94
26.52
25 56 33.38
21
N.
16 46 25.15
2 20 32.4
55.09760
44.00
4 31.43
25,62
26 47 29.23
16.59
Nov. 11
N.
17 52 15.24
2 37 27.1
34.10934
39.30
4 55.26
24.28
27 53 58.00
24.88
28
N.
18 8 48.90
3 27 46.7
17.14429
52.23
4 24.80
23.03
26 10 45.90
29.07
29
N.
18 8 16.68
3 32 14.7
16.14739
37.60
4 22.16
23.03
26 28.96
29.38
Dec. 6
N.
17 59 37.56
— 4 8 23.8
— 9.17250
0.18
3 53.97
20.82
24 34 30.09
33.93
27
C.
17 10 44.24
17 36 20.9
-f- 12.73358
38.12
2 46.44
20.73
+ 8'
37.95
18 55 26.65
1851.— Jan. 8
N.
17 5 50.23
16 44 16.7
24.69742
50.30
2 32.83
17 32 47.17
24.30
17
N.
17 16 44.89
16 19 46.4
33.68040
55.52
2 34.18
39.05
17 35 £2.32
21.00
22
N.
17 27 11.03
16 10 31.3
38.67397
58.73
2 38.70
38.90
17 51 59.34
19.20
29
N.
17 45 56.90
16 1 42.7
45.66786
42.83
2 37.03
38.51
18 21 37.90
17.30
Feb. 2
N.
17 58 26.66
15 58 26.8
49.66559
38.19
2 41.61
38.51
18 38 36.40
16.30
3
S.
18 1 44.91-
15 57 48.6
50.66515
8.93
2 43.58
38.37
18 42 35.73
16.60
5
N.
18 8 32.14
15 56 42.9
52.66439
6.90
2 42.94
38.37
18 60 5.68
15.60
7
N.
18 15 33.65
15 55 51.4
54.66379
52.69
2 41.79
38.37
18 56 49.90
15.20
16
S.
18 49 40.82
15 54 29.8
+ 63.66284
39.59
2 52.30
38.13
— 19 13 19.14
13.50
To which are added finally the two observations at Altona, (A.N. XXXIII, 23.)
E.— OBSEEYATIONS OF VENUS I. WITH THE ALTONA MEEIDIAN-CIECLE.
VENUS I.
Observations with the Altona Meridian-Circle.
Center.
Date.
Altona M.T.
Wash. M.T.
Obs'd a.
Obs'd d.
t—T.
1851.— Jan. 27
31
h, m. s.
21 12 3
21 8 11
k. m. s.
15 M 6
15 20 14
h. m. s.
17 40 4.08
17 51 57.81
1 It
—18 12 27,9
—18 29 52.6
+43.641736
+47.639051
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clxXXii OBjSERVATIONS.
IV. SECOND SEEIES OF OBSEEVATIONS OF VENUS.
Apparent places of stars Gompared with Venus during the second series of observations.
No.
Date.
Reduction in
Apparent.
No.
Reduction in
Apparent
Date.
«.
d.
a.
d.
a.
d.
«.
8,
s.
II
h, m. s.
o 1 II
■ x
8.
II
h. m. s.
1 II
36
1852.-.4.ug.ll
—0.22
+0.90
7 26 52 '
+15 15 2.3
59
1852.— June 3
-0.82
+1.13
7 59 14
+22 50 46.5
14
0.16
0.94
26 52
2.3
7
0.83
1.15
59 14
46.6
37
Aug. 15
—0.14
+0,92
7 29 28
+15 24 43.1
61
Sept. 2
+0.13
+0.39
8 5 27
+16 4 21.1
17
0.10
0.93
29 28
43.1
'■^
4
0.19
0.^
5 27
21.0
38
July 30
-0.45
+0.74
7 29 29
+14 40 7.6
64
Jan. 18
+0.47
—4.02
8 11 44
+24 28 59.3
Au?' 1
0.42
0.80
29 29
7.7
28
0.57
3.83
11 45
59.5
39
40
Aug. 7
9
Aug. 3
5
—0.31
0.27
—0.38
0.35
+0.89
0.90
+0;82
0.86
7 30 38
30 38
7 30 58
30 58
+14 53 37.5
37.5
+14 47 39.9
40.0
Feb. 7
17
27
Mar. 8
18
0.61
0.60
0.55
0.45
0.32
3-42
2.90
2.27
1.61
0.92
11 45
11 45
11 45
11 44
11 44
59.9
29 0.4
1.0
1.7
2.4
41
Aug. 20
—0.05
+0.88
7 32 44
+15 40 22.9
66
Feb. 2
+0.60
—3.65
8 13 11
+24 29 18.8
22
0.00
0.89
32 44
22.9
4
0.61
3.57
11 11
18.9
42
July 29
—0.47
+0.70
7 33 42
—14 33 1.5
68
Jan. 31
+0.59
—3.77
8 16 9
+24 25 1.6
31
0.44
0.76
33 42
1.6
Feb. 3
0.61
3.66
16 9
1.7
43
Aug 21
—0.03
+0.85
7 33 50
+15 49 52.0
70
June 9
—0.75
+1.32
8 19 28
+21 38 17.2
24
+0.04
0.84
33 50
51.9
13
0.76
1.^
19 28
17.2
44
Aug. 24
+0.03
+0.35
7 38 58
+15 53 1.0
74
June 11
—0.75
+1.31
8 21 43
+21 20 55.6
28
0.12
0.27
38 58
0.9
13
0.75
1.33
21 43
55.6
45
May 29
—0.88
+1.04
7 41 51
+24 9 13.7
75
July 8
—0.69
+0.68
8 24 24
+15 46 20.8
•
31
0.89
1.03
41 51
13.7
10
0.70
0.71
24 24
20.9
46
Aug. 27
+0.07
+0.70
7 44 53
+15 58 41.1
76
July 5
-0.70
+0.70
8 26 58
+16 14 8.5
30
0.14
0.65
44 53
41.1
7
0.69
0.74
26 58
8.5
50
May 29
—0.85
+1.14
7 47 14
+24 39.0
81
June 14
—0.71
+1.35
8 31 10
+20 36 13.6
June 2
0.87
1.12
47 14
39.0
16
0.72
1.36
31 10
13.6
61
Aug. 27
+0.06
+0.62
7 48 35
+16 10 53,2
83
June 22
—0.71
+1.05
8 32 24
+18 46 15.7
30
0.13
0.57
48 35
53.2
24
0.72
1.07
.32 24
15.7
53
June 1
—0.85
+1.12
7 50 52
+23 34 51 .2
84
June 21
—0.71
+1.09
8 32 35
+19 44.1
3
0.86
1.12
50 52
51.2-
23
0.72
1.12
32 35
44.1
56
Sept. 1
+0.15
—0.54
7 53 31
+15 58 1.9
86
June 23
—0.69
+1.16
8 39 24
+18 35 43.9
3
0.20
0.47
53 31
1.8
25
0.69
1.18
39 24
43.9
A.— OBSEKVATIONS OF VENUS II. WITH THE SANTIAGO EQUATOEIAL.
The corrections to the observations are :
The sign of A^ is to be reversed, except in the following cases :
283,
June 12
Page 288,
July
6
Page 299, August
31
284,
15
289,
( c
9
303, September
7
285,
22
294,
11
13
287,
- ** 24
299,
11
28
Page 282, No. 12, Object for P. read S. P.
291, /or H. C. 14861 '' W. VII. 905
Remarks. Corrected diameter /or 56''. 63 read 56''. 33
And then for the deduced results:
The sign of AS is to be reversed, except in the following cases :
Page 284, June 12
295, August 16
Page 284, June 12, line 6, for s. read"
287, *' 23, *' 1,2, *' 3r. 102 = PO". 46 read 3r. 118 = 1' 0". 77
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OBSERVATIONS.
We thus have the accompanying groups of observations :
viEBrirs ii.
Observations with the Santiago Equatorial,
clxxxiii
Date.
Obs. part.
Sant, S.T.
Wash. M.T.
t—T.
Star
N°.
Star's^.
Meas'dl>5,
Refr.
Observed .
N°. of
comp.
N. S.
'
h. m. s.
A. m. s.
d
1852.— May 30
N.S.
11 11 30.38
6 11 9.92
—45.742246
45
+24 9 13.74
-3 38.50
II
0.51
+24 5 34.73
5 5
June 2
N. S.
11 7 55.99
5 55 48.38
42.752913
53
23 34 51.22
—4 42.00
.56
23 30 8.66
7 7
3
N.S.
11. 11 38.91
5 55 34.79
41.753070
23 15 2
+2 46.81,
.33
2 2
12
N.S.
11 44 24.90
5 52 52.20
32.754952
74
21 20 55.62
-3 3.34
.37
21 17 51.91
4 4
15
N.S.
11 55 4.81
5 51 42.63
29.755757
81
20 36 13.59
— 23.59
.05
20 35 49.95
3 3
22
N.S.
12 21 2.00
5 50 4.18
22.756897
84
19 44.10
—2 20.57
.30
18 58 23.23
5 5
23
N.S.
12 32 36.03
5 57 40.40
21.751616
83
18 46 15.66
—1 26.64
.22
18 44 48.80
6 6
24 I
N.S.
12 32 34.05
5 53 42.52
20.754370
86
18 35 43,87
—4 14.98
.66
, 18 31 28.23
3 3
July 6
N.
13 7 23.71
5 41 15.53
8.763016
76
16 14 8.52
—1 42.91
.53
16 12 25.08
4
9
N.
13 11 12.51
5 33 15.97
— 5.768565
75
15 46 20.84
— 31.96
.27
15 45 48.61
10
30 \
N.S.
2 56 14.32
17 53 28.00
+15.745462
' 42
14 33 1.53
+3 33.12
.96
14 36 35.61
2 3
31 '
N.S.
3 38.37
17 53 55.42
16.745779
38
14 40 7.67
—1 56.67
.45
14 38 10.55
2 2
Aug. 4
N.S.
2 68 42.31
17 36 16.04
20.733518
40
14 47 39.94
— 34.33
0.10
14 47 5,51
1 3
8
N.S.
2 52 21.58
17 14 12.73
24.718202
39
14 53 37,69
+5 50.92
1.28
14 59 29.69
1 1
12
N.S.
3 17 33.80
17 23 37.18
28.724735
36
15 15 2.31
—1 19.88
0.16
15 13 42.27
5 4
13
N.S.
3 22 15.73
17 24 22.44
29.725259
36
15 15 2.32
+2 19.82
.27
15 17 22.41
^ 3
16
N.S.
3 24 55.50
17 15 14.04
32.718912
37
15 24 43.12
+3 29.62
.40
15 28 13.14
4 4
3 4
7 7
1 3
21
N.S.
3 6 13.47
16 36 55.55
37.692311
41
15 40 22.88
+3 57.28
.85
15 44 21,01
N.S.
3 38 5.09
17 8 41.94
37.714374
41
15 40 22.88
+4 1.88
.44
15 44 25.20
22
N.S.
3 31 51.35
16 58 33.32
38.707331
43
15 49 51.95
—2 41.89
.34
15 47 9.72
23
N.S.
3 46 20.19
17 9 53.87
39.714628
43
15 49 51.94
— 5.78
.01
15 49 46.15
3 2
28
N.S.
4 8 38.56
17 11 39.04
44.716423
46
15 58 45.08
+24.31
.03
15 59 5.42
3 4
Sept. 1
N.S.
4 15 41.69
17 2 57.39
48.710386
56
15 58 1.89
+3 2.50
.28
16 1 4.67
3 3
2
N.S.
4 11 1.23
16 54 21.80
49.704420
56
15 58 1.85
+2 39.65
.28
16 41.78
4 4
3
N.S.
4 16 2.64
16 55 26.47
50.705168
61
16 4 21.05
—4 27.58
.42
15 59 53.05
5 5
6
N.S.
4 21 54.04
16 49 29.19
53.701033
65
15 55 48.39
— 21.54
.03
15 55 26.82
5 5
7
N.S.
4 18 53.28
16 42 33.02
54.696216
65
15 55 48.52
—2 41.54
.30
15 53 6.68
4 4
8
N.S.
4 25 45.94
16 45 28.66
+55.698248
67
+15 44 33.78
+5 52.63
0.62
15 60 27.03
10 10
B.— OBSERVATIONS OF VENUS II. WITH THE SANTIAGO MERIDIAN GIEOLE.
A few corrections are here assurned.
Page 328, No. 31, Observed transit f(yr 8h. 37 m. 29s. 71 read
App. a ''8 36 31.93
329, *' 37, The observed transit was probably 8 5 ' 46. 58
*' 41, Object for S.L read N.L.
Corr. for Semid. — 27''. 8 " -j_27'^8
h. 36m. 295.71
35 31. 93
After which we have the following table:
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clxxxiv
OBSERVATIONS.
VENUS II.
Observations with the Santiago Meridian-Circle.
Date.
Obs.
part.
Sant. S.T.
Wash. M.T.
Obs'd a.
Obs'd d.
t—T.
Refr.
Nadir.
A,, m. s.
h, m. s.
o / //
o 1 II
d
/ //
//
1852
—May 30
S.
7 42 40.12
2 42 53.87
302 27 35.1
+24 6 59.74
—45.886876
—1 21.93
+21.2
31
S.
7 45 54 91
2 42 12.22
302 39 10.4
23 55 27.82
44.887359
1 23.51
19.4
June 2
N.
7 52 10.03
2 40 34.49
303 2 21.8
23 32 12.34
42.888489
1 22.13
22.1
3
S.
7 55 10.33
2 39 38.40
303 15 10.3
23 19 21.69
41.889140
1 20.28
22.4
12
N.
8 18 12.13
2 27 13.^
305 14 32.9
21 20 12.09
32.897765
1 16.18
5.3
13
S.
8 20 15,90
2-25 20.73
305 29 4.0
21 5 38.98
31.899067
1 14.97
6.1
22
N.
8 33 24.53
2 3 4.00
307 33 35.0
19 57.79
22.914538
1 8.88
10.2
23
S.
8 34 12.56
1 59 55.99
307 47 45.9
18 46 45.90
21.916713
1 7.49
9.8
24
N.
8 34 51.54
1 56 38.96
308 29.0
18 34 6.34
20.918993
1 7.13
5.9
28
N.
8 35 56.65
1 42 0.23
308 61 51.4
17 42 43.24
16.929162
1 5.93
5.4
29
S.
8 35 49.10
1 37 56.80
309 4 50.1
17 29 48.13
15.931981
1 4.82
0.7
30
N.
8 35 31.93
1 33 43.76
309 16 0.2
17 18 37.26
14.934909
1 3.70
+ 0.3
July 1
N.
8 35 5.05
1 29 21.04
309 27 39.5
17 7 0.14
13.937951
1 3.73
— 1.8
5
N.
8 31 39.98
1 10 12.89
310 10 33.8
16 24 2.34
9.951240
1 4.53
+ 2.5
6
N.
8 30 24.47
1 5 1.67
310 20 18.3
16 14 14,01
8.954841
1 3.70
5.5
7
N.
8 28 59.90
59 41.44
310 29 40.8
16 4 52.83
7.958547
1 2.92
3.4
8
N.
8 27 26.39
54 12.26
310 38 24.2
15 55 52.84
6.962358
1 02.83
19.9
9
N.
8 25 43.98
48 34.21
310 46 52.7
15 47 21.81
5.966271
1 2.00
21.6
10
N.
8 23 52.28
42 46.90
310 54 56.3
15 39 24.11
4.970290
1 0.60
14.3
13
N.
8 17 36.67
24 44.58
311 16 16.9
15 18 2.06
— 1.982817
1 1.35
16.5
(18)
N.
8 3 17.53
(17)23 50 48.24
311 42 20.8
14 51 55.13
+ 2.993613
1 0.52
18.7
26
N.
7 42 24.78
22 54 35.71
311 59 48.3
14 34 26.30
11.954580
1 0,09
19.6
29
N.
7 36 3.24
22 36 27.49
311 58 10.7
14 36 5.93
14.941985
1 0.22
17.7
30
N.
7 34 11.60
22 30 40.24
311 56 53.3
14 37 19.73
15.937965
59.92
21.0
31
N.
7 32 27.97
22 25 0.98
311 55 13.1
14 39 2.22
16.934040
59.91
18.7
Aug. 4
N.
7 27 5.99
22 3 56.24
311 46 6.8
14 48 7.91
20.919400
1 0.40
19.8
. 5
N.
7 26 9.88
21 59 4.38
311 43 16.4
14 51 1.01
21.916023
1 0.20
16.9
6
N.
7 25 23.75
21 54 22.46
311 40 14.6
14 54 2.60
22.912761
1 0.09
17.0
7
N.
7 24 47.53
21 49 50.44
311 37 5.4
14 57 12.83
23.909611
59.82
15.7
8
N.
7 24 21.29
21 45 28.36
311 33 44.9
15 35.02
24.906579
59.71
13.9
10
N.
7 23 58.59
21 37 13.90
311 26 48.3
15 7 31.95
26.9008.55
1 1.24
15.1
12
N.
7 24 14.96
21 29 38.40
311 19 31.3
15 14 47.17
28.895583
1 2.06
17.7
13
N.
7 24 37.18
21 26 4.60
311 15 53.7
15 18 27.48
29.893109
1 1.07
14.0
14
N.
7 25 8.46
21 22 39.94
311 12 17.7
15 22 4.38
39.890740
1 0.37
12.4
16
N.
7 26 38.08
21 16 17.50
311 5 12.6
15 29 9.74
32.885313
1 1.03
12.8
21
N.
7 32 46.68
21 2 45.55
310 49 6.9
15 45 15.06
37.876917
1 3.75
15.9
22
N.
7 34 23.22
21 25.93
310 46 22.0
15 48 0.42
38.875300
1 2.61
14.3
23
N.
7 36 6.38
20 58 12.89
310 43 52.0
15 50 30.75
39.873760
1 3.04
14.4
28
N.
7 46 23.79
20 48 49.06
310 34 48.3
15 59 32.11
44.867234
1 3.00
16.7
31
N.
7 53 44.63
20 44 20.98
310 32 55.8
16 1 25.02
47.864132
1 4.11
17.4
Sept. 1
N.
7 56 22.31
20 43 2.33
310 32 58.9
16 1 20.70
48.863220
1 3.79
18.3
2
N.
7 59 4.68
20 41 48.35
310 33 23.8
16 58.28
49.862364
1 3.47
15.5
3
N.
8 1 51.78
20 40 39.08
310 34 13.7
16 9.87
50.861563
1 2.96
13.5
6
N.
8 10 39.66
20 37 37.80
310 38 57.6
15 55 23.86
53.8.59464
1 3.75
16.4
7
N.
8 13 43.85
20 36 45.58
310 41 21.2
15 52 59.95
54.858860
1 2.94
15.9
8
N.
8 16 51.87
20 35 57.19
310 44 9.8
4-15 50 12.15
+55.858300
—1 2.34
+14.5
Q._OBSEEVATIONS OF VENUS II. WITH THE WASHINOTON EQUATOEIAL.
The corrections to the printed observations here assumed and applied are these :
Page 406, May 31, A^ No. 12, for 32r. 108 read 32r. 098
407,
June
5,
ii
7,
" 46 .597
46.587
409,
a
9,
it
25,
.847
.841
410,
u
11,
"
2,
" 29 .029
30 .029
Micr. ' '
17,
" 4 26 . 181
" 4 46 .181
411,
*'
12,
"
6,
'^ 19 . 295
'^ —19 .195
412,
''
26,
Micr. Nos.
8 & 10
3 & 4
2 &3
414,
Aug.
29,
a
6,
" 43.216
42.856
Sept.
5,
''
2,
" 42 .656
' 4-41 .656
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OBSERVATION!?.
The results, therefore, become modified as follows :
elxxxv
Page 406, May 31, line 1, 2, /or 32r. 057 = 8' 12". 74
408, June 5, '' 5, " 7A. 58w. 6s. 60
>10, '* 11, ** 6, '' 9 16 7.80
'* 5, 7, *V 30r.769ziz7' 62'. 81
414, August 29, '' 5, *« g^F.
'* 5,7, '* 42r. 749 — 10' 57M0
8, - +.r.06 -...u
The observations of Juna 14, 15, 16, 27, and September 5, seem affected by some unknown source of error, and so non
axjcordant with each other, or with the ephemeris, that the attempt to employ them has proved hopeless.
read 32r. 055 ~ 8' 12'^ 75
*' 8A. 22wi. 6s. 60
'' 9 14 57.70
'* 30r. 959 = 7' 55^89
N.F.
" 427-. 660 1= 10' 55". 76
- 1". 06
VEJsrus II,
Observations with the Washington Equatorial.
Date.
Obs. part.
Wash. S. T.
Wash. M. T.
t~T.
Star.N°.
Star's ^,
Meas'd D8,
Hefr.
Obs'd 5,
N°.
comp.
N. S,
1852.
May 31
June 5
9
11
Aug. 26
29
N.S.
N. S.
N.S.
N.S.
N.S,
N,S,
h. nti s.
12 51 29,63
13 18 41.43
13 34 47.65
14 38 42.43
2 9 3,27
2 20 38.01
h. m. s.
8 12 45.94
8 20 13,73
8 20 33.66
9 15 51.10
15 46 4.69
35 45 49.81
— 44(^.657803
39.652620
35.652388
— 33.613992
+42.656998
+ .45.658827
50,
59
63
70
44
51
<» / //
+24 39.03
22 50 46.54
2157 4.19
21 38 17.24
17 53 0.91
+16 10 53.18
1 II
— 7 57.26
— 0.80
+ 22.53 '
— 8 17.20
+ 4 7.28
—11 16.36
0.30
0.01
0.02
1.80
0.37
1.09
o / //
+23 52 41.47
22 50 45.73
21 57 26.74
21 29 58.24
17 57 8.56
+15 59 35.73
7 8
5 5
6 6
5 5
4 4
4 4
We also have seventeen Greenwich determinations.
D.-OBSEEVATIONS OF VENUS II WITH THE GKEENWICH TEANSir CIRCLE.
VENUS II.
Observations with the Greenwich Transit Circle.
Date,
Obs'd
part.
Qreeij. S, T.
Wash. M. T.
t^T.
Circle-reading.
Refr,
Zenith pt.
Observed u.
Semid.
h. m, s.
h. m, s.
d.
//
.
+ 8'
1852.— May 24
S,
7 21 3.03
— 1 56 38.1
— 52.08100
9.26
27.90
II
45.43
25 10 36.30
//
13.40
July 3
s.
8 33 53,39
3 21 14.9
12.13976
40.58
38,45
45.75
16 46 11.34
24.60
5
s.
8 31 55.55
3 31 4.2
10.14658
40.81
37.68
45.75
16 25 14.49
25.40
6
s.
8 30 41.94
3 36 13.5
9.15016
29.19
38.15
45.75
16 15 24.58
25.70
s.
8 29 19.23
3 41 31,9
8.15384
58.23
39.08
45.75
16 5 56.33
26.00
§
s-
8 27 47.30
3 46 59,5
7.15763
0.23
39.31
45.75
15 56 53.92
26.30
12
s«
8 20 15,96
4 10 13.3
3.17376
33.97
40.42
46.50
15 25 15,48
27.40
s.
8 18 5,12
4 16 19.7
— 2.17801
22.82
40.45
46.50
15 18 28.96
27 60
16
s.
8 10 56.61
— 4 35 14.8
+ 0.80886
42.99
40.37
46.50
15 1 5,55
28 20
22
N.
7^41.90
18 39 2.1
7.77711
44.64
4U88
45.39
14 37 15,38
28.54
Aug, 4
12
24
s.
7 27 16.54
17 22 34.1
20.72401
1.17
41.22
45.91
14 46 51,08
25.70
s.
7 24 10.03
16 48 0.8
28.70001
26.17
40.92
45.91
15 13 23.02
22.90
N,
7 37 33.92
16 14 11.6
40.67652
12,50
40.25
46.15
15 51 49.39
19.10
N.
7 50 41.79
16 3 40.9
40.66922
33.15
40.56
46.49
16 30.15
17 30
Sept. 1
N.
7 55 49.58
16 57,0
48.66733
10.74
40.77
46.49
16 53.37
16.80
2
N,
7 58 31.34
15 59 42.5
49.66646
30.46
40.54
46.49
16 32,73
16.50
13
N.
8 32 41.32
15 50 31.9
+60.66009
56.75
41.81
46.50
15 30 6.32
14,30
And lastly, a few at Cracow.
Zo
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clxxxvi
OBSERVATIONS.
E.— OBSERVATIONS OF VENUS II WITH THE CEACOW MERIDIAN CIRCLE.
VENUS II.
Observations ivith the Gracow Meridian- Circle.
CENTER.
Date.
Cracow M. T.
Wash. M, T.
Obs'd a.
Obs'd 8,
t T.
h. m. s.
h. m. s.
h. m. s.
1 II
d.
1852.— June 2
3 6 41.0
20 38 38.6
7 51 23.83
-j-23 34 39.68
-43.139831
3
3 5 46.3
20 37 43.9
7 54 25.48
23 22 27.26
42.140465
4
3 4 46.3
20 36 43.9
7 57 21.94
23 9 58.81
41.141159
5
3 3 42.0
20 35 39.6
8 13.98
22 57 17.77
40.141904
7
3 1 16.6
20 33 14.2
8 5 41.27
22 31 6.57
38.143586
8
2 59 55.2
20 31 52.8
8 8 16.23
22 17 46.46
37.144524
11
2 55 18.2
20 27 15.8
8 15 28.13
21 36 55.44
34.147734
12
2 53 33.2
20 25 30.8
8 17 39.51
21 23 3.94
33.148949
14
2 49 44.6
20 21 42.2
8 21 43.35
20 55 16.91
31.151596
17
2 43 10.0
20 15 7.6
8 26 57.27
20 13 0.68
28.156162
18
2 40 44.5
20 12 42.1
8 28 27.99
19 59 8.04
27.157847
23
2 26 36.9
19 58 34.5
8 34 0:84
18 50 9.39
22.167655
26
2 16 25.9
19 48 23.5
8 35 37.84
18 10 31.48
19.174728
27
2 12 44.2
19 44 41.8
8 35 52.07
17 67 35.11
—18.177293
Aug. 17
21 39 56.5
15 11 54.1
7 27 20.50
15 31 1.83
4-33.633265
18
21 37 3.9
15 9 1.5
7 28 24.00
+15 34 32.56
+34.631268
These complete the collection of such determinations of the positions of Mars and Venus as
have been found capable of employment for our purpose, extending from November 2, 1849,
to Septmber 8, 1852.
§7. OBSERVATIONS COMPARED WITH EPHEMEEIS.
The next step to be taken is the computation of the tabular places for the moment of
observation, and the comparison of these with the declinations observed. The course of this
computation and comparison may readily be followed by means of the appended tables, which
contain all those values which strictly depend upon the ephemeris, or upon computation ; the
term ^^ computed place" being consideredasdenotingtheapparentplaceof that part of the planet
which was actually observed (whether limb or center) deduced from the ephemeris for the point
and moment of observation. The mean of a nearly equal number of determinations of the
two limbs is, however, considered as an observation of the center, affected merely by the
influence of defective illumination. This influence might, in fact, have been disregarded for
Mars in every instance, although it has been brought into the computation as a matter of form.
Consequently the tables of ^^Computation for observations'' afford for each observation the
tabular right-ascension, declination, parallax, semidiameter, and resulting declination of the
part observed ; and appended to these the residual error of the ephemeris, as indicated by the
observations.
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OBSERVATIONS COMPARED WITH EPHEMEKIS.
clxxxvii
MARS I.
Computation for Santiago Equatorial Observations.
Parallax.
Semirl.
1
Date.
Wash. M. T
in dec. of da
y Tab. a.
Tab. d.
- Def. ill
Obs'd
part.
Comp. d.
Ad.
a.
<?.
a.
d.
h m. s.
1 II
s.
II
s.
II
II
1849
—Dec. 10
.515529
5 55 57.47
-1-26 16^13.0
—0.05
+12.704
0.54
8.03
C.
+26 16 25.7
+18.2
11
.427736
54 22.20
18 8.4
+ .42
12,214
0.54
8.03
C,
18 20.6
20.8
.464571
54 18.37
18 12.9
+ .22
12.550
0.54
8.03
c.
18 25.4
21.3
,,509299
54 13.72
18 17.7
— .03
12,712
0.54
8.03
c.
18 30.4
19.5
12
.411837
52 39.54
20 4.7
+ .48
11.899
0.54
8.03
0.
20 16.6
19.6
.445221
52 36.04
20 8.4
+ .31
12.398
0.54
8.03
c.
20 20.8
16,7
13
.491435
50 46.06
22 1.9
+ .02
12.713
0.54
8.03
c.
22 14.6
19.0
14
.473089
49 2.37
23 39.3
+ .11
12.669
0.53
8.02
0.
23 52.0
* 18.6
15
.415880
47 22.53
25 3.7
•f .40
12,142
0.53
8.01
0.
25 15.8
18.5
.489014
47 14.78
25 10.0
— .01
12.696
0.53
8.01
c.
25 22.7
17.4
16
.410701
45 37.12
26 24.2
+ .41
12,106
0.53
8.00
c.
26 36.3
18.3
*
.454176
43 46.76
27 38.4
+ .15
12,583
0.53
7 98
c.
27 51.0
18.3
18
.431221
42 3.88
28 38.5
+ .25
12,412
0.53
7.96
0.
28 50.9
18.7
20
.426719
38 35.96
30 13.3
+ .23
12,376
0.53
7.92
0.
30 25.7
19.2
.516089
38 26.74
30 16.7
— .27
12,311
0.53
7.92
0.
30 29.0
17.4
21
.416486
36 54.37
30 46.9
■f .27
12.276
0.53
7.89
c.
30 59.2
19.9
22
.445462
35 10.13
31 12.6
+ .07
12.448
0.52
7.86
0.
31 25.1
18.8
23
.422466
33 32.66
31 28,8
+ .19
12.299
0.52
7.83
c.
31 41.1
18.9
24
.431593
31 53.73
31 37.2
+ .12
12.320
0.52
7.79
c.
31 49.5
18.4
25
.428879
30 17.91
31 37.8
+ .11
12.268
0.52
7.76
c.
31 50.1
18.1
26
.429688
28 43.84
31 30.8
+ .09
12.223
0.51
7.72
c.
31 43.0
17.8
27
.439454
27 11.21
31 16.6
+ .01
12.181
0.51
7.68
c.
31 28.8
17.3
30
.400840
22 54.27
29 57.9
+ .16
11.879
0.50
7.55
0.
30 9.8
15.5
31
.408113
21 32.35
29 20.0
+ .10
11.853
0.50*
7.50
—0.01
c.
29 31.8
13.4
1850.
-Jan. 1
.402747
20 14,38
28 37.9
+ .11
11.766
0.50
7.45
,01
c.
28 49.7
15,8
2
.405376
18 58.80
27 51.1
+ .07
11.709
0.49
7.39
.01
c.
28 2.8
15,1
4
.408426
16 37.38
26 6.5
+ .02
11.547
0.49
7.29
.01
c.
26 18.0
16.0
6
.365404
14 32.03
24 13.2
+ .20
11.217
0.48
7.18
.01
c.
24 24.4
16.2
.433114
14 27.92
24 9.2
— .14
11.287
0.48
7.17
.01
c.
24 20.5
15.9
7
.396962
13 31.23
23 10.3
+ .02
11.271
0.47
7.12
.01
c.
23 21.6
16.4
8
.398542
12 35.78
22 7.6
.00
11.178
0.47
7.06
.01
0.
22 18.8
16.1
9
.391292
11 44.34
21 4.4
+ ,02
11.082
0.47
7.00
.01
c.
21 15.5
16.0
]0
,40530§
10 55.46
19 59.2
— .07
10.967
0.46
6.94
.01
0.
20 10.2
13.9
11
.393909
10 11.41
18 55.2
— .03
10.865
0.46
6.88
.01
c.
19 6.1
13.7
12
.385899
9 30.81
17 51 .2
.00
10.790
0.45
6.82
,01
c.
18 2.0
14.3
13
.376816
8 .53.91
16 47.9
+ .03
10.688
0.45
6.76
.01
c.
16 58.6
14.7
14
.387213
8 19.91
15 44.3
— .02
10.584
0.45
6.69
.02
c.
15 54.9
14.7
15
.382530
7 50.14
14 42.4
— ,03
10.486
0.44
6.63
.02
c.
14 53.9
16.0
.436439
7 48.63
14 39,1
— ,28
10.161
0.44
6.62
.02
c.
14 49.3
13.2
16
.381733
7 24.72
13 41.9
— ,04
10.384
0.44
6.57
.02
c.
13 52.3
14.5
17
.380340
7 1.38
12 43.2
— .05
10.281
0.43
6.51
.02
c.
12 53,5
15.0
18
.380105
6 42.45
11 46.4
— .06
10.175
0.43
6.45
,02
c.
11 56.6
15.3
19
.359055
6 27.41
10 52.8
+ .02
10.089
0.43
6.38
.02
G.
11 2.9
9.5
20
.354745
6 15.64
10 0.5
+ .03
9.990
0.42
6.32
.02
0.
10 10.5
11.1
21 .
.357235
6 7.27
9 9.8
— ,04
9.886
0.42
6.26
.02
0.
9 19.7
10,8
22
.369468
6 2.51
8 22.2
— .06
9.778
0.41
6.20
.02
0.
8 ^.0
11,9
23
.351916
6 1.22
7 38.1
.00
9.697
0.41
6.14
,02
c.
7 47.8
12,4
.407392
6 1.24
7 35,7
— .24
9.448
0.41
6.14
.02
c.
7 45.1
10.6
24
.373805
6 3.36
6 55.1
— .10
9.552
0.41
6.08
.02
c.
7 4.6
11.8
2^5
.364575
6 8.77
6 16.2
— .07
9.478
0.40
6,02
.02
c.
6 25.7
11.4
26
.365774
6 17.51
5 39.5
— .09
9.370
0.40
5.96
.02
c.
5 48.9
11.6
27
.348543
6 29.26
5 6.2
— .03
9.310
0.39
5,90
.02
c.
5 15.5
11.7
28
.362791
6 34.61
4 34.5
— .10
9.174
0.39
5.84
.02
0,
4 43.7
12.6
29
.349222
7 2.64
4 6.3
— ,05
9.113
0.39
5.78
.02
0.
4 15.4
11.6
31
.351182
5 7 48.33
+26 3 16.9
—0.08
+ 8.913
0.38
5.66
-0.02
0.
+26 3 25.8
+11,9
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clxXXViii OBSERVATIONS COMPARED WITH EPHEMERIS.
JMARS I.
Computation of observations with the Washington Equatorial.
Parallax.
Seraid.
Date.
Wash. M.T. in
dec. of day.
Tab. «.
Tab. 8,
Obs'd
part.
Comp'd 0,
Jd.
a.
d.
a.
d.
h. m. 8.
/ //
s.
II
s.
II
/ //
II
1849
—Nov. 2
.604822
6 25 51.09
+24 21 1.5
+0.19
—3.16
0.44
6.59
0.
+24 20 58.3
+ 21.5
4
.554117
6 26 25.52
24 25 54.7
0.38
3.67
0.45
6.71
C.
24 25 51.0
19.4
.601903
6 26 26.19
24 26 2.1
0.19.
3.18
0.45
6.71
c.
24 25 58.9
19.4
6
.550784
6 26 46.81
24 31 10.6
0.38
3.68
0,45
6.81
c.
S4 31 6.9
18.8
12
.549888
6 26 21.82 \
24 48 33.1
0.33
3.58
0.47
7.12
c.
24 48 29.6
21.4
.610775
6 26 20.86
24 48 44.4
0.06
3.15
0.47
7.12
c.
24 48-41.2
21.4
13
.516646
6 26 4.80
24 51 33.6
0.46
3.96
0.48
7.17
c.
24 51.29.6
22.9
24
.507357
6 18 39.10
25 28 20.3
0.38
3.75
0.51
7.67
0.
25 28 16.6
20.8
26
.509567
6 16 29.66
25 35 11.5
0,34
3.66
0.52
7.74
c.
25 35. 7.9
29.8
.597951
6 16 23.62
25 35 29.6
0.10
3.26
0.52
7.74
c.
25 35 26.3
18.4
Dec. 6
.506337
6 2 36.75
26 6 25.4
0.18
3.^
0,53
7.99
c.
26 6 22.1
23.8
.491834
6 2 38.11
26 6 23.0
0.18,
3.44
0.53
7.99
c.
26 6 19.6
21.1
11
.435642
5 54 51.37
26 18 9.4
0.44
3.90
0.54
8.03
c.
26 18 5.5^^ 17.3
12
.461928
5 52 34.30 !
26 20 10.3
0.29
3.47
0.54
8.03
c.
26 20. 6.8
22.1
17
.445164
5 43 47.72
26 27 37.8
0.28
3.39
0.53
7.98
c.
26 27.34.4
18.4
27
.397642
5 27 15.00
26 31 17.3
0.31
3.34
0.51
7.68
c.
26 31 14.0
18.2
31
.395237
5 21 33.38
26 29 20.6
0.24
3.14
0.50
7.50
c.
26 29 17.5
17.3
1850.
—Jan. 5
.383281
5 15 33.31
26 25 11.3
0.21
2.99
0.48
7.23
c.
26 25. 8.3
15.6
9
.361203
5 11 45.84
26 21 6.3
0.24.
2.98
0.47
7.00
c.
26 21 3.3
11.9
12
.341853
5 9 32.53
26 17 54.1
0.27
3.01
0.45
6.82
c.
26 17 51.1
15.3
14
.370271
5 8 20.45
26 15 45.2
0.12
2.71
0.45
6.69
0.
26 15 42.5
14.6
22
.338453
5 6 2.61
26 8 23.6
0.14
2.57
0.41
6.20
0.
26 8 21.0
13.7
29
.275307
5 7 1.18
+26 4 8.3
+0.28
—2.73
0.39
5.78
c.
+26 4 5.6
+ 13.6
]»IARS I.
Computation of observations with the Greenwich Equatorial.
.
Parallax.
Semid.
Date.
Wash. M.T. in
Tab. «.
Tab. d.
Obs'd
Comp'd 0,
Jd.
dec. of day.
«,
d.
a.
d.
part.
h. m. s.
o / //
s.
II
s.
II
o 1 If
1849.— Nov. 26
.123480
6 16 55.70
+25 33 52.6
—9.77
0.51
7.72
C.
+25 33 42.9
+16". 1
30
.342963
6 11 44,33
25 47 58.0
6.21
0.52
7.86
C.
25 47 51.8
(27.3)
Dec. 8
.184993
5 59 52.27
26 10 46.6
+0.51
7.62
0.53
8.01
0.
26 10 39.0
15
,272244
5 47 37.75
26 24 51.4
0.09
6.22
0.53
8.01
0.
26 24 45.2
17.4
27
.054511
5 27 46.24
26 31 22.8
0.61
8.45
0.51
7.70
c.
26 31 14.3
15.8
1850.— Jan. A
.177475
5 16 5^02
26 26 19.6
0.16
5.74
0.49
7.30
0.
26 26 13.9
13.2
5
.107174
5 15 51.10
26 25 27. a
0.39
6.40
0.48
7.24
0.
26 25 20.8
13.9
7
.130159
5 13 46.60
+26 23 26.7
+0.35
—6.92
0.48
7.13
c.
+26 23 20.8.
+ 13.1
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OBSiERVATIOXS COMPxlKED WITH EPHEMERIS.
clxxxix
MARS X.
Oonfiputationfor Greenwich Meridian Observations.
Date.
1849.-NOV. 1
(5
16
30
Dec. 4
8
15
17
19
27
Wash. M.T. in
dec. of dayi
.438909
.426201
.397591
.350261
.335377
.320051
.276816
.245890
.242129
.238397
.216678
Tabular
a.
A. m. s.
6 25 24.24
26 45.90
24 52.91
11 43.74
6 6 0.55
5 59 38.94
47 35.59
44 4.67
40 35.34
27 28.78
5
.213183
15 44.27
7
.206315
13 42.19
23
.157303
6 1.22
30
.139089
7 19.22
Feb. 6
.122584
11 5.19
7
.120352
11 48.52
9
.115982
13 23.00
13
.107584
17 1.76
16
.101565
20 10.29
21
.092035
26 6.98
22
.090193
—5 27 24.22
d.
+24 18 13.0
24 30 50 4
25 48; 6
25 47 59.3
26 18i9
26 11 16.7
26 24 53^2
26 27 27.1
26 29 23.2
26 31 19,9
26 31 0,5
26 30 35.0
26 26 17a
26 25 21,0
26 23 22.0
26 7 46.6
26 3 45,6
26 1 47.3
26 1 38.7
26 1 26.7
26 1 18.7
26 1 22.1
26 1 32.0
+26 1 32.9
Parallax
in ^,
—5.45
5.62
5.93
6.21
6.24
6.24
6.18
6.15
6.11
5.91
5.87
5.84
5.62
5.59
5.50
4.80
4.48
4.18
4.14
4.06
3.90
3.79
3.61
--3.58
Semid.
0.44
0.45
0.49
0.52
0.53
0.53
0.53
0.53
0.53
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.49
6.48
0.48
0.41
0.38
0.36
0.35
0.35
0.33
0.32
0.31
0.31
6.55
6.80
7.31
7.86
7.96
8.01
8.01
7.98
7.94
7.69
7.65
7.61
7.30
7.24
7.13
6.15
5.73
5.35
5.30
5.19
4.99
4.85
4.63
4.58
Comp. 8,
+24 18 7.55
24 30 44.78
25 42.67
25 47 53.09
26 12.66
26 11 10.46
26 24 47.02
26 27 20.95
26 29 17.09
26 31 13.99
26 30 54.63
26 30 29.16
26 26 11.48
26 25 15.41
26 23 16.50
26
26
7 41.80
3 41.12
26 1 43.12
26 1 34.56
26 1 22.64
2iS 1 14.80
26 1 18.31
26 128.39
+ 26 1 29.32
Ad,
+14.0
18.0
19.0
19.9
18.9
18.3
19.8
18.9
18.5
15.1
16.6
16.1
16.2
15.5
15.6
13.6
11.4
9.8
9.4
8.9
8.9
8.2
8.9
+9.0
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cxc
OBSERVATIONS COMPARED WITH EPHEMERIS.
MARS I.
Computation of the Oape Equatorial Observations.
Semid.
Date.
Wash. M.T. in
Tab. a.
Tab. 3.
Parallax in
Comp'd 0.
J 3.
dec. of day.
d.
a.
d.
h. m. s.
// /
II
s.
II
o / //
II
1849. —Nov.
21
.307022
6 21 36.23
+25 17 20.0
+ 11.80
0.50
7.53
-f. 25 17 31.8
+ 18,2
.307022
21 36.23
17 20.0
11.80
0.50
7.53
17 31.8
20,0
22
.363335
20 41.89
20 57.7
11.81
0.50
7.57
21 9.5
19.2
26
.329572
18 49.89
27 43.6
12.07
0.51
7.66
27 55.7
19.9
25
.317405
17 48.46
31 7.2
12.15
0.51
7.69
31 19.4
20.0
.317405
17 48.46
31 7.2
12.15
0.51
7.69
31 19.4
19.9
26
.339021
16 41.23
34 36.8
12.15
0.52
7.73
.34 48.9
18,6
27
.302096
15 34.59
37 52.8
12.27
0.52
7.77
38 5.1
20.7
«
28
.297948
14 25.96
41 13.6
12.33
0.52
7.80
41 26.0
20.1
29
.332101
13 4.11
44 39.6
12.25
0.52
7.83
44 51.8
18.8
30
.268942
11 41.81
47 43.4
12.35
0.52
7.86
47 55.7
18,5
Dec.
1
.290225
10 26.76
51 0.2
12.49
0.53
7.89
51 12.7
19.8
2
.344352
8 57.43
54 18.7
12.26
0.53
7.92
54 31.0
18.7
3
.285150
7 35.13
25 57 11.5
12.58
0.53
7.94
25 57 24.1
21.2
4
.281160
6 5.50
26 9.4
12.62
0.53
7.96
26 22.0
20.1
5
.271798
4 33.94
3 0.6
12.65
0.53
7.98
S 13,2
20.4
6
.281303
2 58.33
5 48.8
12.69
0.53
7.99
6 1.5
20.5
7
.263713
6 1 23.22
8 25.7
12.71
0.53
8.00
8 38.5
18.8
8
.278387
5 59 43.08
11 0.5
12.73
0,53
8.02
11 13.2
20.0
9
.283523
58 2.17
13 25.9
12.72
0.53
8.02
13 38.6
19.3
.281321
58 2.39
13 25.6
12.73
0.53
8,02
13 38,3
19.4
10
.327447
56 15.79
15 48.3
12.30
0.54
8.03
16 0.6 '
18.6
11
.277968
54 37.74
17 49.9
12.73
0.54
8.03
18 2.6
19 4 •
14
.247448
49 26.24
23 17.5
12.77
0.53
8.02
23 30.3
17.9
15.
.230645
47 42.16
24 47.7
12.75
0.53
8.01
25 0.4
17.9
16
.225483
45 56.74
26 9.9
12.73
0.53
8.00
26 22.6
16.1
.258560
45 53.23
26 12.5
12.70
0.53
8.00
26 25.2
17.5
17
.262608
44 7.00
27 25.6
12.63
0.53
7.98
27 38.2
17.9
18
.250296
42 22.89
28 28.1
12.65
0.53
7.96
28 40,8
17.6
20
.228819
39 56.40
30 5.5
12.62
0.53
7.92
30 18.7
19.0
21
.257289
37 10.62
30 42.0
12.42
0.53
7.89
30 54.4
18.8
22
.241252
35 30.69
31 8.2
12.46
0.52
7.86
31 20.7
18.3
23
.207219
33 53.99
31 25.9
12.49
0.52
7.83
31 38.4
17.7
24
.247786
32 11.60
31 36.3
12.24
0.52
' 7.80
31 48.5
17.9
25
.186950
30 40.97
31 38.3
12,36
0.52
7.76
31 50.7
18.2
.207914
30 38.97
31 38.3
12.38
0.52
7.76
31 50.7
18.7
26
.169406
29 8.09
31 33.3
12.23
0.52
7.73
31 45.5
18.5
.202037
29 5.04
31 33.0
12,32
0.52
7.73
31 45,3
17.3
29
.189040
24 36.62
30 36.3
12.12
0.51
7.61
30 48.5
18.2
1850.— Jan.
7
.176624
13 43.91
23 23.9
11.31
0.48
7.13
23 35.2
16.4
8
.183802
12 47.37
22 21.2
11.16
0.47
7.07
22 32.4
15.6
9
.149211
11 56.55
21 19.9
11.16
0.47
7.01
21 31.1
17.1
10
.150057
11 7.41
20 15.6
11.06
0.46
6.95
20 26.7
15.0
11
.159838
10 21.51
19 10.4
10.93
0.46
6.89
19 21.3
15.2
12
.163640
9 39.59
18 5.5
10.81
0.46
6.83
18 16.3
15.4
14
.149782
8 27.48
15 59.1
10.64
0.45
6.71
16 9.7
14.9
15
130468
7 57.34
14 57.9
10.57
0.44
6.64
15 8.5
15.5
16
.150427
7 29.66
13 55.7
10.43
0.44
6.58
14 6.4
14.6
17
.127705
5 7 6.73
4-26 12 57.8
+ 10.37
0.43
6.52
+ 26 13 8.2
+ 13.9
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OBSERVATIONS COMPARED WITH EPHI1.MERIS.
CXCl
MARS I.
Computation for Cape Meridian Observations.
Date.
Wash. M.T. in
dec. of day.
Tabular.
Parallax
Semid
Def. ill.
Computed.
Ja.
J 3,
d.
«.
in^
in^.
«.
d.
«.
d.
h. m. s.
° / //
II
II
s.
II
h, m. s.
1 II
1849
-Nov. 18
.340171
6 23 46.16
+25 7 15.4
+11.63
7.40
0.05
0.00
6 23 46.13
+25 7 27.03
—1.91
II
+19.03
18.59
19
.336981
23 6.25
10 37.1
11.71
7.44
0.05
0.00
23 6.23
10 48.81
1.91
21
.330466
21 35.07
17 24.8
11.86
7.53
0.04
0.00
21 35.05
17 36.66
1.79
19.53
22
.327144
20 44.06
20 50.1
11.94
7.57
0.04
0.00
20 44.04
21 2.04
15.28
24
.320367
18 50.50
27 41.8
12.08
7.65
0.03
0.00
18 50.48
27 53.88
(1.03)
(37.03)
25
.316927
17 48.47
31 7.2
12.15
7.69
0.03
0.00
17 48.45
31 19.35
24.08
27
.309915
15 34.03
37 54.5
12.27
1.11
0.03
0.00
15 34.02
38 6.77
1.69
19.15
28
.306351
14 21.80
41 15.4
12.33
7.80
0.02
0.00
14 21.79
41 27.73
1.69
19.31
29
.302750
13 6.37
44 33.8
12.39
7.83
0.02
0.00
13 6.36
44 46.19
18.68
30
.299113
11 47.84
47 49.3
12.45
7.86
0.02
0.00
11 47.83
48 1.75
1.63
21.62
Dec. 1
.295442
10 26.32
51 1.3
12.50
7.89
0.02
0.00
10 26.31
51 13.80
21.27
2
.291741
9 1.96
54 9.0
12.54
7.91
0.02
0.00
9 1.95
54 21.54
1.96
18.81
3
.288006
7 34.87
25 57 12.1
12.59
7.94
0.02
0.00
7 34.86
25 57 24.69
19.89
4
.284242
6 5.21
26 9.9
12.62
7.96
0.01
0.00
6 5.20
26 22.52
17.84
6
.276629
2 58.77
5 48.0
12.69
7.99
0.01
0.00
2 58.76
6 0.69
19.73
7
.272786
6 1 22.33
8 27.2
12.72
8.00
0.01
0.00
6 1 22.32
8 39.92
18.39
8
.268921
5 59 44.03
10 59.1
12.74
8.01
0.01
0.00
5 59 44.03
11 11.84
18.76
9
.265037
58 4.05
13 93.5
12.76
8.02
0.01
0.00
58 4.05
13 36.26
17.52
10
.261138
56 22.60
15 39.6
12.77
8.03
0.01
0.00
56 22.60
15 52.37
2.45
20.67
11
.257218
54 39.89
17 47.5
12.78
8.03
0.00
0.00
54 39.89
18 0.28
2.11
20.20
12
.253292
52 56.13
19 46.4
12.78
8.03
0.00
0.00
52 56.13
1959.18
2.23
20.40
14
.245410
49 26.46
23 17.3
12.77
8.02
0.00
0.00
49 26.46
23 30.07
2.28
18.32
15
.241461
47 41.01
24 48.8
12.76*
8.01
0.00
0.00
47 41.01
25 1.56
2.13
15.94
16
.237513
45 55.47
26 11.0
12.74
8.00
0.00
0.00
45 55.47
26 23.74
2.13
17.31
17
.233566
44 10.07
27 23.7
12.72
7.99
0.00
0.00
44 10.07
27 36.42
2.16
12.86
18
.229622
42 25.05
28 26.9
12.69
7.97
0.00
0.00
42 25.05
28 39.59
2.11
16.95
20
.221761
,38 57.15
30 5.2
12.63
7.92
0.00
0.00
38 57.15
30 17.83
2.07
17.54
21
.217849
37 14.66
30 40.9
12.59
7.89
0.00
0.00
37 14.66
30 53.49
2.14
17.03
22
.213950
35 33.45
31 7.7
12.54
7.86
0.00
0.00
35 33.45
31 20.24
17.11
23
.210066
33 53.71
31 26.0
12.49
7.83
0.00
0.00
33 53.71
31 38.49
1.88
17.93
24
.206203
32 15.65
31 36.1
12.44
7.80
0.00
coo
32 15.65
31 48.54
1.99
19.25
26
.198547
29 5.36
31 33.1
12,32
7.73
0,01
0.00
29 ^5.36
31 45.42
1.85
18.35
27
.194754
27 33.44
31 20.8
12.26
7.69
0.01
0.00
27 33.44
33 33.06
1.72
17.11
29
.187256
24 36.78
30 36.5
12.12
7.61
0.01
0.00
24 36.79
30 48.62
1.94
17.20
31
.179190
21 50.67
29 29.0
11.96
7.51
0.01
0.00
21 50.68
29 40.96
2.37
17.26
1850.-Jan. 3 j
.169063
18 3.37
27 12.8
11.71
7.35
0.02
0.00
18 3.38
27 24.51
1.89
14.03
4
.165529
16 53.84
26 19.9
11.63
7.30
0.02
0.00
16 53.85
26 31.53
1.81
13.46
7
.155159
13 45.16
23 25.2
11.35
7.13
0.02
0.00
13 45.17
23 36.55
1.80
17.30
8
.151781
12 49.11
22 23.1
11.26
7.07
0.02
0.00
12 49.12
22 34.36
1.74
16.13
9
.148444
11 56.60
21 19.9
11.16
7.01
0.03
0.00
11 56.61
21 31.06
1.72
11.97
10
.145148
11 7.65
20 15.9
11.06
6.95
0.03
0.00
11 7.66
20 26.96
1.65
12.55
11
.141893
10 22.30
19 11.5
10.97
6.89
0.03
0.00
10 22.31
19 22.47
1.60
14.23
12
.138681
9 40.59
18 7.2
10.87
6.83
0.03
0.00
9 40.60
18 18.07
1.62
13.10
14
.132383
8 28.13
16 0.1
10.67
6.71
0.03
0.00
8 28.15
16 10.77
1.56
12.80
15
.129291
7 57.38
14 58.1
10.57
6.64
0.03
0.00
7 57.40
15 8.67
0.95
12.68
16*
.126255
7 30.29
13 57.3
10.47
6.58
0.04
0.00
7 30.31
14 7.77
—1.60
12.96
17
.123254
5 7 6.83
-f-26 12 58.1
+10.37
6.52
0.04
0.00
5 7 6.85
+26 13 10.47
+13.25
Hosted by
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cxcu
OBSERVATIONS COMPARED WITH EPHEMERIS.
MARS I.
Computation of observations with the Cambridge Equatorial.
Semid.
Date.
Wash. M.T. in
Tab. a.
Tab. d.
Parallax
Obs. part.
Comp'd d.
Ad.
dec. of day.
in d.
«.
d.
h. m. n.
o 1 II
II
s.
II
o / //
II
1849.-NOV. 14
.612020
6 25 41.34
,4-24 55 1.7
—3.95
0.48
7.22
c.
+24 54 57.7
+19.8
15
.739502
6 25 12.21
24 58 39.7
5.51
0.49
7,28 ,
N.
24 58 41.5
17.5
.748294
6 25 11.96
24 58 41.4
5,70
0.49
7.28
S.
24 58 28.5
20,6
16
.439826
6 24 51.62
25 56.9
5.83
0.49
7,31
c.
25 51.1
19.1
.765942
6 24 41.40
25 2 1.2
6,19
0.49
7,33
s.
25 1 47.7
19.2
21
.463766
6 21 28.92
25 17 50.2
5.31
0.50
7.54
c.
25 17 44.9
19.8
.741577
6 21 9.86
25 18 49.4
6.11
0,50
7,55
c.
25 18 43.3
20.5
26
,756899
6 16 12.70
25 36 2.0
7. 10
0,52
7,75
s.
25 35 47.1
20.5
SK)
.743146
6 11 11.88
25 49 15.3
7.02
0.53
7,87
c.
25 49 8.3
19.6
Dec. 6
.765770
6 2 11.69
26 7 7.1
8,62
0.53
8,00
0.
26 6 58.5
11
.297944
5 54 35.66
26 17 52.4
7.61
0.54
8.03
c.
26 17 44.8
18.8
12
.339519
5 52 47.11
26 19 56.4
6.34
0,54
8,03
N.
26 19 58.1
17
,333503
5 43 59.51
26 27 30.4
5.93
0,53
7,98
N.
26 27 32.4
18.1
18
.368690
5 42 10.44
26 28 34.9
5.05
0.53
7,96
s.
26 28 21.9
21
.340698
5 37 2.10
26 30 44.6
5.33
0.513
7,89
s.
26 30 31.4
27
.329415
5 27 21.19
26 31 18.5
5 06
0.51
7,69
N.
26 31 21.1
16.9
Dpc. 28
.285425
5 25 55.29
26 30 59.5
5.80
0.51
7,65
s.
26 30 46.0
12.4
.345703
5 25 50,16
26 30 58.1
4,57
0.51
7.65,
0.
26 30 53.5
14.4
29
.721218
5 23 51,18
26 30 29.4
9.42
0.51
7.5,8
N.
26 30 18.6
(10.0)
31
.457302
5 21 28,42
26 29 1^.1
3,80
• 0,50
7.50
s.
26 29 6.8
16.2
1850.— Jan. 1
.281197
5 20 23.71
26 28 43,7
5.44
0.50
7.45
S.
26 28 30.8
18.0
4
.268358
5 16 46,85
26 26 14.2
5,36
0.49
7.29
N.
26 26 16.1
15.2
6
.388580
5 15 32.97
26 25 11.0
3.65
0.48
7.23
c.
26 25 7.3
+15.8
6
.254967
5 14 38.75
26 24 19.9
5,42
0.48
7.18
s.
26 24 7.3
10
.279322
5 11 1.33
4-26 20 7.3
—4.57
0.46
6.94
s.
+26 19 55.8
Hosted by
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OBSERVATIONS COMPARED WITH EPHEMERIS.
CXCIU
MARS !•
Computation for Athens Meridian Observations,
Date.
Wash. M.T. in dee.
of day.
Tabular 8,
Parallax.
Semid.
Def. ill.
Comp. dt
Ad.
» / //
//
/'
II
• / //
II
1849.— Nov. 22
.312581
+25 20 47.2
+3.04
7.57
0.00
+25 20 42.7
+28.1
23
.309213
25 24 12.9
3.04
7.61
0.00
25 24 23.5
23.3
25
.302362
25 31 4.2
3.05
7.65
o.oo
25 31 14.9
23.9
26
.298877
25 34 28.5
3.05
7.69
0.00
25 34 23.9
28.2
28
.291794
25 41 12.4
3.05
7.77
0.00
25 41 7.7
28.5
29
.288183
25 44 30.9
3.05
7.80
0.00
25 44 41.7
23.1
30
.284549
25 47 46.4
3.04
7.85
0.00
25 47 38.6
24.4
Dec. 4
.269675
26 7.4
3.03
7.96
0.00
26 2.5
26.8
9
.250475
26 13 21.2
3.00
8.02
0.00
26 13 32.2
23.7
14
.230845
26 23 15.9
2.96
8.02
0.00
26 23 10.1
27.5
15
.226897
26 24 47.5
2.95
8.01
0.00
26 24 58.5
23.2
16
.222951
26 26 9.7
2.94
8.00
0.00
26 26 4.6
26.8
17
.219005
26 27 22.6
2.93
7.99
0.01
26 27 33.5
22.8
19
.211123
26 29 20.0
2.90
7.95
0.00
26 29 30.8
23.0
21
.203287
26 30 40.4
2.88
7.89
0.00
26 30 51.2
22.0
22
.199387
26 31 7.3
2.87
7.85
0.00
26 31 2.3
25.2
23
.195498
26 31 25.8
2.8G
7.83
0.00
26 31 36.5
23.1
24
.191643
26 31 36.0
2.84
7.80
0.00
26 31 31.0
25.5
28
.176424
26 31 2.0
2.79
7.65
0.00
26 30 57.1
25.3
29
.172686
26 30 36.8
2.77
7.61
0.00
26 30 47.2
21.4
1850.— Jan. 1
.161678
26 28 48.9
2.73
7.51
0.00
26 28 59.3
21.8
2
.158067
26 28 3.0
2.71
7.46
0.00
26 27 58.2
24.2
3
,154491
26 27 13.6
2.70
7.35
0.00
26 27 23.6
17.9
5
.147465
26 25 24.9
2.66
7.24
0.00
26 25 34.8
17.6
6
.144005
26 24 26.5
2.64
7.19
0.00
26 24 21.9
21.8
8
.137210
25 22 24.1
2.61
7.07
0.00
26 22 19.6
22.4
10
,130579
26 20 16.9
2.57
6.95
0.00
26 20 12.5
23.3
15
,114733
26 15 58.9
2.48
6.64
0.00
26 16 8.0
18.4
19
.102812
26 11 6.6
2.40
6.40
0.00
26 11 15.4
16.5
26
.083507
26 5 49.6
2.26
5.98
0.00
26 5 45.9
18.9
27
,080903
26 5 15.0
2.24
5.92
0.00
26 5 23.2
13.9
29
.075811
26 4 13.9
2.19
5.80
0.00
26 4 21.9
15.1
Feb. 1
.068426
26 3 1.6
2.13
5.63
0.00
26 2 58.1
17.4
2
.066041
26 2 42.6
2.11
5.57
0.00
26 2 39.1
20.5
3
,063681
26 2 25.6
2.09
5.51
0.00
26 2 33.2
14.0
4
.061354
25 2 11.0
2.07
5.46
0.00
26 2 7,6
18.6
5
.059063
26 1 58.4
2.05
5.40
o.co
26 2 5.8
13.6
10
.048044
+26 1 23.1
+1,95
5.35
0.00
+26 1 19.7
+15.6
Zio
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GXGIV
OBSERVATIOKS COMPARED WITH EPHEMEBTB.
II. SECOND OPPOSITION OF MARS.
MARS II*
Computation for Santiago Equatorial Observations,
Parallax.
Semidiameter in
Date.
Wash. M.T.
in dec. of day.
Tab. a.
Tab. (?.
Def. ill.
Obs'd
part.
Comp. d.
Ad.
d.
8.
«.
a.
h. m. s.
/ //
s.
II
s.
II
s.
o 1 II
II
1851.~Dec
16
.567110
9 9 29.78
-fl9 44 35.7
+0.24
+8.46
0.39
5.92
0.02
0.
+19 44 44.2
+19.6
.610362
9 29.69
44 43.2
.08
8.66
0.39
5.92
.02
0.
44 51.9
20.8
19
.550150
9 8.63
54 19.8
.27
8.62
0.40
6.06
.02
c.
54 28 4
20.7
.580303
9 8.26
54 26.3
.16
8.81
0.40
6.06
.02
c.
54 35.1
20.9
.597202
9 8.05
54 30.0
.09
8.88
0.40
6.06
.02
c.
54 38.9
20.5
20
.558789
8 54.73
19 58 6.1
.23
8.78
0.41
6.11
.03
s.
19 58 8.8
22.3
21
.552871
8 37.65
20 2 3.4
.24
8.83
0.41
6.15
.03
s.
20 2 6.1
21.2
22
.546569
8 17.19
6 14.4
.26
8.88
0.41
6.20
.03
s.
6 17.1
20.2
24
.581977
7 25.34
15 25.2
.18
9.17
0.42
6.29
.03
s.
15 28.1
21.1
25
.560700
6 54.49
20 18.2
.17
9.26
0.42
6.33
.03
s.
20 21.1
20.4
26
.529457
6 21.29
25 14.8
.29
9.13
0.43
6.38
.03
s.
25 17.6
22.1
.573891
6 19.69
25 28.7
.10
9.40
0.43
6.38
.03
s.
25 31.7
22.4
27
.537696
5 43.33
30 38.1
.24
9.30
0.43
6.42
.03
s.
30 39.0
22.9
28
.544789
5 1.95
36 9.4
.20
9.44
0.43
6.46
.01
c.
36 18.8
21.1
29
.523539
4 18.46
41 44.7
.28
9.38
0.43
6.51
.01
0.
41 54.1
20.4
30
.523620
3 30.71
47 38.3
.27
9.48
0.44
6.55
.01
c.
47 47.8
18.7
31
.516725
2 40.02
53 40.0
.28
9.51 ,
0.44
6.59
.01
c.
20 53 49.6
19.4
1852.--Jan
1
.530423
1 45.25
20 59 59.5
.21
9,72
0.44
6.63
.00
c.
21 9.2
19.5
2
.513620
9 48.33
21 6 16.8
.27
9.63
0.44
6.66
.00
c.
6 26.5
22.0
4
.507212
8 53 44.18
19 27.2
.27
9.82
0.45
6.74
.00
0.
19 37.0
18.7
5
.512962
57 36.92
26 17.4
.23
9.95
0.45
6.77
.00
c.
26 37.3
31.8
6
.519886
56 26.54
33 14.8
.19
10.09
0.45
6.81
.00
c.
33 24.9
20.6
7
.509736
55 14.47
40 10.8
.22
10.10
0.46
6.84
.00
c.
40 20.9
22.8
8
.470027
54 1.91
46 59.0
.38
9.81
0.46
6.86
.00
c.
47 8.8
21.6
.520396
53 58.03
47 20.5
.15
10.25
0.46
6.87
.00
c.
47 30.8
21.1
9
.500697
52 41.23
21 54 21.4
,23
10.20
0.46
6.90
.00
c.
21 54 31.6
21.9
10
.500841
51 20.30
22 1 33.7
.21
10.28
0.45
6.92
.00
0.
22 1 44.0
20.6
11
.520035
49 55.26
8 56.6
.11
10.45
0.46
6.94
.00
c.
9 7.0
20.6
12
.478583
48 33.03
15 54.4
.28
10.26
0.46
6.96
.00
c.
16 4.7
19.4
.521972
48 29.24
16 13.3
.08
10.52
0.46
6.96
.00
c.
16 23.8
19.0
13
.503665
47 2.76
23 21.4
.15
10.51
0.47
6.98
,00
c.
23 31.9
19.7
14
.489949
45 33.83
30 30.9
.20
10.49
0.47
7.00
.00
c.
30 41.4
21.7
16
.474718
42 29.34
44 49.4
.23
10.51
0.47
7.03
.00
c.
44 59.9
19.8
17
.464911
40 54.85
22 51 52.6
.26
10.49
0.47
7.04
.00
c.
22 52 3.1
20.1
20
.458899
36 1.37
23 12 41.3
-f .24
10.61
0.47
7.06
.00
c.
23 12 52.0
20.0
.511188
35 56.17
13 2.6
— .02
10.81
0.47
7.07
.00
c.
13 13.5
19.9
21
.438-:255
34 23.49
19 16.5
+ .32
10.47
0.47
7.07
.00
c.
19 27.0
21.8
22
.483702
32 38.32
26 9.3
.08
10.82
0.47
7.07
.00
0.
26 20.2
18.0
23
.476347
30 58.05
32 32.1
.10
10.82
0.47
7.06
,00
c.
32 42.9
19.2
24
.473829
29 17.07
38 47.0
.09
10.83
0.47
7.06
,00
c.
38 57.8
19.2
25
.440744
27 39.20
44 40.2
.23
10.66
0.47
7.05
.00
c.
44 50.9
17.0
27
.446278
24 17.06
23 56 18.1
.17
10.74
0.47
7.03
.00
c.
23 56 28.8
19.1
28
.456985
22 35.80
24 1 51.0
.10
10.80
0.47
7.01
.00
c.
24 2 1.8
17.1
29
.460799
20 56.49
7 8.4
.06
10.80
0.47
6.99
,00
0.
7 19.2
30
.463149
19 18.15
12 11.9
.03
10.79
0.46
6.97
.00
c.
12 22.7
16.1
31
.457368
17 41.80
16 59.2
.04
10.77
0.46
6.95
.00
c.
17 10.0
15.9
Feb.
1
.418346
16 9.47
2i 23.6
.21
10.59
0.46
6.93
.00
c.
21 34.2
16.1
3
.451873
14 32.84
25 53.0
+ .03
10.71
0.46
6.91
.00
c.
26 3.7
15.5
3
.469467
12 59.27
30 3.1
— .08
10.66
0.46
6.88
.00
0.
30 13.8
16.4
7
.416667
7 14.84
43 48.3
+ .11
10.46
0.45
6.75
.00
0.
43 58.8
16.3
8
.398496
5 54.78
46 37.8
.17
10.34
0.45
6.71
.00
c.
46 48.1
14.4
9
.393666
4 36.19
49 15.1
+ .18
10.28
0.44
6.67
.01
c.
49 25.4
14.4
.462760
4 30.83
49 25.4
— .15
10.31
0.44
6.67
.01
0.
49 35.7
14.1
10
.411493
3 18.55
51 40.9
+ .08
10.32
0.44
6.63
.01
0. ,
51 51.3
14.5
11
.402675
2 5.71
53 48.5
+ .10
10.25
0.44
6.59
.01
c.
53 58.7
13.5
.453969
8 2 2.03
53 54.7
— .14
10.21
0.44
6.59
.01
0.
54 5.0
13.6
13
.395952
7 59 47.96
+24 57 22.9
+0.10
+10.12
0.43
6.51
0.01
0.
+24 57 33.0
+13.5
Hosted by
Google
OBSERVATIONS COMPARED WITH EPHEMERIS.
Computation for Santiago Equatorial Observations — Continued.
cxcv
Parallax.
Semldiameter in
Date.
Wash. M.T.
in dec. of day.
Tab. a.
Tab. d.
Def. ill.
Obs'd
part.
Comp. u.
Jd.
a.
8.
a.
d.
h. m. s.
» 1 II
s.
II
s.
II
s.
o 1 II
II
1852.— Feb. 13
,443044
7 59 44.79
+24 57 27.3
—0.12
+10.10
0.43
6.51
0.01
C.
+24 57 37.4
+13.1
14
.404918
58 42.74
24 58 50.4
+ .04
10.09
0.43
6.46
.01
C.
24 59 0.5
14.4
15
.370468
57 43.63
25 1.1
.18
9.90
0.43
6.42
.01
c.
25 11.0
14.0
16
.387076
56 44.08
1 2.1
.09
9.93
0.42
6.37
.01
c.
1 12.0
13.2
17
.385869
55 49.13
1 49.0
.08
9.86
0.42
6.33
.01
c.
1 .58.9
12.7
19
.368313
54 9.90
2 44.5
.13
9.67
0.42
6.23
.01
c.
2 54.2
10.8
20
.368193
53 24.90
2 54.2
.11
9.61
0.41
6.19
.01
c.
3 3.8
10.9
21
.373930
52 43.07
2 52.1
.07
9.57
0.41
6.14
.01
c.
3 1.7
10.8
22
.356132
52 5.60
2 38.8
.13
9.44
0.41
6.09
.01
c.
2 48.2
10.6
23
.350987
51 31.93
2 14.3
.14
9.35
0.40
6.04
.01
0.
2 23.6
10.1
24
,346851
50 59.85
1 39;0
.14
9.27
0.40
5.99
.01
c.
1 48.3
10.4
25
.349256
50 31.93
25 52.8
.12
9.21
0.40
5.94
.01
c.
1 2.0
11.4
26
.348459
. 50 7.53
24 59 56.5
+ .11
9.14
0.39
5.89
.01
0.
25 5.6
11.6
27
.397964
49 45.57
58 46.8
— .11
9.06
0.39
5.84
01
0.
24 58 55.9
9.9
28
.329031
49 29.22
57 35 9
+ .16
8.92
0.39
5.79
.01
c.
57 44.8
10.4
.384230
49 28.34
57 31.5
- .06
9.02
0.39
5.79
.01
c.
57 40.5
9.6
29
.320987
49 15.00
56 11.5
+ .18
8.81
0.38
5.74
.01
c.
56 20.3
9.7
March 1
.328774
49 3.91
54 36.5
.14
8.79
0.38
5.69
.01
c.
54 45.3
10.2
2
.337017
48 56.16
52 52.5
.09
8.76
0.38
5.64
.01
c.
53 1.3
10.8
3
.317069
48 51.77
51 3.1
.16
8.60
0.37
5.59
.02
0.
51 11.7
11.6
4
.334692
48 50.47
49 0.8
.08
8.61
0.37
5.54
.02
0.
49 9.4
8.1
6
.341147
48 57.63
44 35.1
.03
8.47
0.36
5.44
.02
c.
44 43.6
9.0
7
.324551
49 5.38
42 13.4
.11
8.34
0.36
5.39
.02
0.
42 21.7
7.5
8
.327363
49 16.46
39 41.3
.06
8.30
0.36
5.34
.02
c.
39 49.6
8.4
9
.319176
49 30.34
37 3.4
.08
8.21
0.35
5.30
.02
0.
37 11,6
8.6
10
.303105
49 46.96
34 19.6
.13
8.08
0.35
5.25
.02
0.
34 27.7
10.0
11
.3225ly
50 7.10
31 22.7
.05
8.07
0.35
5.20
.02
c.
31 30.8
4.9
12
.289046
50 28.91
28 28.2
.16
7.88
0.34
5.16
.02
0.
28 36.1
6.1
.327335
50 29.82
28 21.2
.03
8.00
0.34
5.15
.02
0.
28 29.2
6.4
13
.311102
50 54.68
25 16.6
.07
7.90
0.34
5.11
.03
c.
25*24.5
6.6
14
.315716
51 22.98
22 1.1
.05
7.84
0.34
5.06
.03
0.
22 9.0
5.8
15
.312831
7 51 53.63
+24 18 40.6
+0.05
+ 7.77
0.33
5.02
0.03
c.
+24 18 48.4
+ 6.7
Hosted by
Google
CXCYI
OBSERYATIOKS COMPARED WITH EPHEMERIS.
Computation for Santiago Meridian Observations.
Wash. M.T.
Tabular
Semid.
Def. ill.
Comp. 0.
Ad,
Date.
in dec. of
Parallax.
day.
a.
d.
a.
d.
a.
d.
h. m. s.
o / //
II
s.
II
s.
II
/ //
II
1851.— Dec.
19
.618077
9 9 7.80
-f- 19 54 34.5
-f. 8.89
0.43
6.06
0.02
0.03
+ 19 54 37.4
-f 22.9
21
.612255
8 36.52
20 2 18.0
9.04
.44
6.15
.02
.02
20 2 20.9
22.4
22
.609284
8 15.79
6 30.7
9.12
.44
6.20
.02
.02
6 33.6
23.9
24
.603229
7 24.13
15 37.0
9.27
.45
6.29
.02
.02
15 40.0
21.3
25
.600144
6 ,')3.20
20 30.0
9.35
.45
6.33
.02
.02
20 33.0
25.3
26
.597016
6 18.85
25 36.0
9.42
.46
6.38
.02
.02
25 39.1
23.1
27
.593852
5 41.11
30 54.4
9.50
.46
6.42
.02
.02
30 57.5
23.5
28
.590643
4 59.99
36 24.8
9.57
.46
6.46
.02
.02
36 23.0
23.9
30
.584119
3 27.71
48 0.0
9.72
.47
6.55
.02
.01
48 3.2
20.9
31
.580802
2 38.63
20 54 3.7
9.80
.47
6.59
.02
.01
20 54 7.C
20.0
1852.— Jan.
1
.577444
1 42.30
21 17.3
9.87
.47
6.63
.02
.00
21 33.9
12.8
2
.574037
9 44.75
6 40.2
9.94
.48
6.66
a. 02
.00
6 56.8
18.7
4
.567141
8 58 40.26
19 51.4
10.07
.48
6.74
.02
.00
20 8.3
17.2
5
.563637
57 33.44
26 38.2
10.14
.49
6.77
.02
.00
26 55.2
25.5
6
.560114
56 23.53
33 31.6
10.20
.49
6.81
.02
.00
33 35.0
21,6
7
.556532
55 10.98
40 30.6
10.27
.49
6.84
.01
.00
40 34.0
21.8
8
.552929
53 55.63
47 34.5
10.32
.49
6.87
.01
.00
47 51.7
20.5
9
.549312
52 37.35
21 54 42.3
10.38
.50
6.90
.01
.00
21 54 45.8
21.7
10
.545639
51 16.61
22 1 53.2
10.43
.50
6.92
.01
.00
22 2 10.5
20.1
11
.541960
49 53.39
9 6.2
10.49
.50
6.94
.01
.00
9 23.6
18.0
12
.538227
48 27.81
16 20.4
10.54
.50
6.96
.01
.00
16 24.0
21.5
33
.534482
47 0.00
23 34.8
10.59
.50
6.98
.01
.00
23 52.4
17.2
14
.530728
45 30.11
30 48.7
10.63
.51
7.00
.01
.00
30 52.1
21.9
15
.526924
43 58.30
38 0.8
10.67
.51
7.02
.01
.00
38 18.5
17.9
16
.523128
42 24.74
45 10.1
10.71
.51
7.03
.00
.00
45 13.8
17.2
18
.519285
40 49.62
52 15.8
10.73
.51
7.05
.00
.00
52 33.6
16.6
.515455
39 13.06
22 59 16.8
10.76
.51
7.06
.00
.00
22 59 20.5
21.7
19
.511581
37 35.29
23 6 12.3
10.79
.51
7.06
.00
.00
23 6 30.1
22.8
20
.507730
35 56.50
13 1.3
10.81
.51
7.07
.00
.00
13 19.2
16.0
21-
- .503830
34 16.70
19 42.6
10.83
.51
7.07
.00
.00
20 0.5
16.0
22
.499963
32 36.69
26 15.7
10.84
.51
7.07
.00
.00
26 19.5
23.1
23
.496053
30 56.05
32 39.6
10.85
.51
7.06
.00
.00
32 57.5
14.3
24
.492171
29 15.21
38 53.8
10.85
.51
7.06
.00
.01
38 57.6
16.5
25
.488247
27 34.40
44 57.2
10.85
.51
7.05
.CO
.01
45 15.1
14.9
27
.480487
24 13.62
56 29.5
10.84
.51
7.03
.00
.01
23 56 47.4
13.4
28
.476629
22 34.07
24 1 57.4
10.83
.51
7.01
.00
.01
24 2 1.2
19.8
29
.472735
20 55.32
7 12.1
10.80
.51
6.99
.00
.01
7 29.9
17.2
30
.468891
19 17.58
12 13.6
10.79
.51
6.97
.00
.01
12 17.5
14.6
31
.465033
17 41.07
17 1.4
10.77
.51
6.95
.00
.01
17 19.1
13.7
Feb.
1
.461214
16 5 92
21 35.0
10.74
.51
6.93
.00
.02
21 38.8
14.4
2
.457393
14 32.32
25 54.4
10.71
.51
6.91
.00
.02
26 12.0
13.5
3
.453616
13 0.43
29 59.3
10.67
.50
6.88
.00
.02
30 3.2
9.9
4
.449833
11 30.40
33 49.7
10.64
.50
6.85
.00
.02
34 7.2
15.1
7
.438672
7 12.99
43 52.3
10.49
.50
6.75
.00
.03
43 56.1
16.4
8
.435012
5 51.85
46 43.9
10.44
.49
6.71
.01
.03
46 47.7
14.9
9
.431360
4 33.27
49 20.8
10.39
.49
6.67
.01
.03
49 37.9
13.9
10
.427774
3 17.33
51 43.2
10.33
.49
6.63
•01
.03
51 46.9
14.5
11
.424185
8 2 4.17
53 51.1
10.27
.49
6.59
.01
.03
54 8.0
12.7
13
.417137
7 59 46.50
57 24.9
10.15
.48
6.51
.01
.03
57 41.6
14.8
14
.413661
58 42.19
24 58 51.1
10. C8
.48
6.46
.01
.03
24 59 7.7
15.1
15
.410224
57 40.98
25 3.7
10.01
.47
6.42
.02
.03
25 20.2
13.6
16
.406836
56 42.97
I 3.2
9.94
.47
6.37
.02
.03
1 6.8
11.9
17
.403463
55 48.19
1 49.7
9.87
.47
6.33
.02
,03
2 5.9
11.2
18
.400148
54 56.71
2 23.4
9.80
.46
6.28
.02
.03
2 27.0
12.4
19
.396866
54 8.56
2 44.8
9.72
.46
6.23
.02
.03
3 0.8
7.5
20
.393612
53 23.80
2 54.3
9.65
.46
6.18
.03
.03
2 57.8
10.7
21
.390395
7 62 42.42
+ 25 2 52.0
+ 9.57
.45
6.14
0.03
0.03
+ 25 3 7.7
+ 9.7
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OBSERVATIONS COMPAKED WITH EPHEMERIS.
Computation for Santiago Meridian Observations — Continued.
cxcvii
Date.
Wash. M.T
in dec. of
Tabular
Semid.
Def. ill.
Comp. 0,
Ad.
Parallax.
day.
a.
d.
a.
8.
a.
8.
h. m. s.
f II
//
II
s.
II
• ; '/
II
1852
—Feb. 22
.3872'.22
7 52 4.46
+ 25 2 38.2
+ 9.49
0.45
6.09
0.03
0.03
+ 25 2 53.8
+ 9.9
23
.384098
51 29.94
2 13.3
9.41
.45
6.04
.03
.03
2 28.7
10.8
24
.381020
50 58.84
1 37.6
9.33
.44
5.99
.03
.03
1 40.9
12.7
25
.377959
50 31.18
25 51.4
9.25
.44
5.94
.03
.03
25 1 6.6
6.5
26
.374957
60 6.93
24 59 54.9
9.17
.43
5.89
.04
.03
24 59 58.2
10.7
27
.371975
49 46.07
58 48.6
9.09
.43
5.84
.04
.03
59 3.5
8.7
28
.369056
49 28.58
57 32.7
9.01
.43
5.79
.04
.03
57 35.9
11.4
29
.366147
49 14.43
55 7.4
8.93
.42
5.74
.04
.03
55 22.1
1.0
March 1
.363303
49 3.59
54 33.1
8.85
.42
5.69
.04
.03
54 36.3
12.6
2
.360479
48 56.02
52 50.0
8.77
.42
£.64
.04
.03
63 4.5
3.0
3
.357697
48 51.67
50 58.4
8.69
.41
5.69
.04
.03
51 12.7
7.0
■
4
.354954
48 50.47
48 58.3
8.61
.41
5.54
.04
.03
49 12.4
7.9
6
.349570
48 57.50
44 34.1
8.44
.40
5.44
.04
.03
44 48.0
6.5
7
.346944
49 5.59
42 10.1
8.36
.40
5.39
.04
.03
42 13.1
11.7
8
.344334
49 16.67
39 3^.7
8.28
.39
5 34
.04
.03
39 52.3
6.5
9
.341774
49 30.69
36 59.7
8.20
.39
5.30
.05
.03
37 2.7
8.5
10
.339231
49 47.62
34 13.4
8.13
.39
5.25
.05
.03
34 26.8
9.1
11
.336734
50 7.40
31 20.2
8.05
.38
5.20
.05
.03
31 23.1
8.7
12
.334258
50 29.89
28 19.9
7.97
.38
5.15
.05
.03
28 33.0
5.2
13
.331830
50 55.33
25 12.6
7.90
.37
5.11
.05
.03
25 15.4
6.6
14
.329414
51 23.38
21 58.4
7.82
.37
5.06
.05
.03
22 11.3
5.6
15
.327043
7 51 54.09
+ 24 18 37.5
+ 7.75
0.37
5.01
0.05
4- 0.03
+ 24 18 40.3
+ V.6
In the Santiago meridian series for Mars II are a number of observations, which were made
with the micrometer in the eye-piece of the meridian-circle, and which, in addition to the
measurement of absolute declination, give a measurement of distance from some one of the
regular comparison-stars. In such cases we are put in possession of two determinations made
at the same time. The meridian observations may, in fact, be classed under three categories.
1. Mars observed on fixed thread.
2. Star observed on fixed thread, and Mars shortly after on the movable thread.
3. Mars observed on fixed thread, and star on the movable thread.
The first of these gives in each case one normal meridian observation.
The second furnishes a determination of the star's place, and also a micrometric comparison
of Mars with the star.
The third affords both an absolute measurement of Mars belonging with the first series, and
a micrometric determination like those included in the second division of the second category.
In strictness, the Ifors-determinations of the second category, being micrometric, ought to be
combined in the same series with those of the third ; but since the precise character of these
determinations was only comprehended after study of the original manuscripts, at which time
these cases had already been incorporated with the absolute determinations of the first category,
a repetition of the computation has not appeared sufficiently important to call for a new distribu-
tion and discussion.
Consequently, ourseries, ^'Marsll^ Santiago meridian," contains the Jfars-observations of the
first two divisions and the absolute determinations of the third ; the star-observations of the
second being already included in our discussion of the comparison-stars, and the micrometric
measurements of the third furnishing us the annexed new group.
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excviii
OBSERVATIONS COMPAKBB WITH BPHEMEEIS.
Oofnputation for Santiago Meridian Supplementary Observations.
Date.
Limb.
t—T.
Star N* .
Star's d.
Meas'd DS,
Refr.
Obs»d 8.
Ad,
d.
« / II
1 II
II
9 1 II
II
I851.-Dec. 21
S.
- 40.387745
108
+ 20 2 22.84
— 23.18
0.01
4- 20 1 59.65
+ 22.2
22
S.
39.390716
108
20 2 22.72
4- 3 52.63
0.17
20 6 15.52
18.1
26
s.
35.402984
105
20 27 42.57
— 2 25.22
0.11
20 25 17.24
21.9
27
g.
34.406148
105
20 27 42.49
+ 2 56.50
0.13
20 30 39.11
18.4
30
s.
31.415881
104
20 41 5.98
H- 6 36.13
0.30
20 47 42.41
20.8
31
s.
30.419198
99
20 57 18.14
— 3 31.13
0.17
20 53 46.84
20.2
1852.-Jan. 1
N.
29.422556
100
21 1 43.43
-- 1 21.27
0.07
21 22.09
11.8
4
N.
26.432859
101
21 16 47.71
+ 3 1.53
0.14
21 19 49.38
18.9
5
N.
25.436363
98
21 29 17.95
— 2 46.03
0.13
21 26 31.79
23.4
10
N.
20.454361
95
22 2 25.24
— 36.58
0.03
22 1 48.63
21.9
16
S.
14.476872
s.
22 46 31.42
— 1 38.02
0.08
22 44 53.32
20.5
17
N.
13.480715
89
22 51 33.75
+ 40.49
0.03
22 52 14.27
19.3
25
N.
5.511753
79
23 45 33.88
— 32.67
0.03
23 45 1.18
14.0
27
N.
— 3.519513
77
23 58 1.50
— 1 33.00
0.08
23 56 28.42
19.0
Feb. 1
S.
4- 1.461214
68
24 25 1.60
— 3 39.23
0.19
24 21 22.18
16.6
2
N.
2.457393
68
24 25 1.63
+ 56.41
0.05
24 25 58.09
13.9
4
N.
4.449833
64
24 28 59.75
+ 4 51.93
0.23
24 33 51.91
15.3
8
S.
8.435012
62
24 46 56.93
— 24.02
0.02
24 46 32.89
14.8
9
N.
9.431360
62
24 46 56.98
+ 2 26.06
0.14
24 49 23.18
14.7
18
S.
18.400148
57
25 18.36
+ 1 53.10
0.11
25 2 11.57
16.4
19
N.
19.396866
57
25 18.42
4- 2 30.34
0.14
25 2 48.90
11.9
20
S.
20.393612
57
25 18.48
+ 2 27.83
0.14
25 2 46.45
11.4
21
N.
21.390395
57
25 18.54
+ 2 42.54
0.15
25 3 J. 23
6.5
Mar. 12
N.
41.334258
54
24 28 25.93
+ 2.23
0.00
24 28 28.16
4.8
13
S.
42.331830
54
24 28 26.00
— 3 17.16
0.18
24 25 8.66
6.7
14
N.
43.329414
55
24 18 57.55
+ 3 6.83
0.17
24 22 4.55
6.8
15
S.
+ 44.327043
55
+ 24 18 57.61
— 24.30
0.02
+ 24 18 33.29
+ 7.0
MARS II.
Computation for Washington Equatorial Observations.
Parallax.
Semid.
Date.
Wash. M.T. in
dec. of day.
Tab. a.
Tab. d.
Obs. part.
Comp'd d.
Jd.
a,
d.
a.
d.
h.m, s.
/ //
8.
/•
s.
II
« / //
II
1852.--Jan.24
.424491
8 29 22.16
+ 23 38 28.7
+ 0.38
— 3.94
0.47
7.06
0.
4-23 38 24.8
416.6
26
.416910
8 26 0.58
23 50 25.9
0.38
3.89
0.47
7.04
0.
23 50 22.0
30
.450868
8 19 19.35
24 12 8.3
oae
3.31
0.46
6.97
0.
24 12 5.0
Feb. 2
.407664
8 14 36.96
24 25 41,8
0.31
3.52
0.46
6.91
0.
24 25 38.3
15.9
3
.409033
8 13 4.50
+ 24 29 48.7
+ 0.28
— 3.41
0.46
6.88
c.
4-24 29 45.3
4-16.7
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OBSERVATIONS COMPARED WITH EPHEMERIS.
MARS II.
Computation for Greemuich Meridian Observations.
CXCIX
Tabular.
Semid.
Date.
Wash. M.T. in
dee. of day.
Parallax.
Comp. 8,
Ad.
«.
d.
«,
d.
1851
—Dec. 8
.451842
h. m. s.
9 8 3.30
° 1 II
+ 19 28 48.4
— 5.36
s.
0.37
II
5.53
-f 19 28 43.04
II
+ 14.84
26
.401578
9 6 25.85
20 24 35.0
6.00
0.42
6.37
20 24 29.00
20.56
3852
— Jan. 5
.368288
8 57 46.79
21 25 17.9
6.18
0.45
6.76
21 25 11.72
21.59
7
.361191
8 55 25.46
21 39 7.9
6.20
0.46
6.83
21 39 1.70
21.03
9
.353970
8 52 52.88
21 53 18.0
6.20
0.46
6.89
21 53 11,80
22.40
20
.312426
8 36 15.96
23 11 41.5
6.10
0.47
7.06
23 11 35.40
18.80
22
.304661
8 32 56.38
23 24 59.3
6.06
0.47
7.07
23 24 53.24
19.18
23
.300771
8 31 15.81
23 31 25.2
6.04
0.47
7.06
23 31 19.10
20.82
28
.281321
8 22 53.52
24 54.0
5.90
0.47
7.01
24 48.10
18.91
29
.277449
8 21 14.61
24 6 11.4
5.86
0.47
6.99
24 6 5.54
17.57
30
.273589
8 19 36.67
24 11 15.5
5.83
0.46
6.97
24 11 9.67
17.54
Feb. 3
.258300
8 13 18.31
24 29 12.5
5.69
0.46
6.88
24 29 6.81
15.95
6
.247046
8 8 53.20
24 40 8.0
5.58
0.45
6.79
24 40 2.42
15. 15
9
.236031
8 4 48.47
24 48 51.1
5.46
0.45
6.68
24 48 45.64
14.64
10
.2.32419
8 3 32.01
24 51 16.3
5.42
0.44
6.64
24 51 10.88
14.65
11
.228840
8 2 18.29
24 53 27.2
5.38
0,44
6.60
24 53 21.82
14.06
14
.218593
7 58 54.55
24 58 35.2
5.26
0.43
6.47
24 58 29.94
12.85
18
.204739
7 55 6.53
25 2 17.8
5.10
0.42
6.29
25 2 12.70
13.. 36
20
.198193
7 53 32.30
25 2 53 5
5.02
0.41
6.19
25 2 48.48
10.49
26
.179490
7 50 11.42
25 6.8
4.79
0.39
5.90
25 2.01
9.44
28
.173571
7 49 31.75
24 57 48.4
4.72
0.39
5.80
24 57 43.68
9.72
Mar. 9
.164985
7 48 57.24
24 53 10.9
4.61
0.38
5.65
24 53 6.29
9.62
3
. 162189
7 48 52.26
24 51 20.9
4.57
0.37
5.60
24 51 16.33
9.89
4
.159435
7 48 50.46
24 49 22.5
4.54
0.37
5.55
24 49 17.96
8.61
5
.156725
7 48 51.81
24 47 15.9
4.50
0.37
5.50
24 47 11.40
9.67
6
.154047
7 48 56.26
24 45 1.3
4.47
0.35
5.45
24 44 56.83
7.89
8
.148794
7 49 14.25
24 40 8.9
4.40
0.35
5.35
24 40 4.50
7.62
9
.146214
7 49 27.71
24 37 31.5
4.37
0.35
5.30
24 37 27.13
8.36
12
.138691
7 50 25.34
24 28 55.8
4.27
0.31
5.16
24 28 51.53
7.65
17
.126778
7 52 56.05
24 12 18.7
4.12
0.33
4.93
24 12 14.58
6.94
18
.124486
7 53 33.96
24 8 39.5
4.09
0.33
4.89
24 8 35.41
5.34
20
.119983
7 54 57.16
24 1 1.9
4.04
0.^
4.81
24 57.86
6.16
22
.115593
7 56 29.85
23 52 58.9
3.99
0.31
4.71
23 52 54.91
6.69
23
.113437
7 57 19.62
23 48 48.0
3.96
0.31
4.66
23 48 44.04
7.29
25
.109200
7 59 5.76
23 40 7.5
3.91
0.30
4.57
23 40 3.59
5.94
27
.104061
8 1 0.35
+ 23 31 2.3
— 3.86
0.30
4.48
+ 23 30 58.44
+ 5.09
-^
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OBSEEVATIONS COMPAEED WITH EPHEMEEIS.
MARS II
•
Computation for Cape Meridian Observations.
Tabular
Date.
Wash. M.T. in dec. .
Parallax.
Def. ill.
Comp. 0.
Ad.
of day.
a.
d.
h. m. s.
1 II
//
//
/ //
II
1851.— Dec.
22
.362637
9 8 21.2
4- 20 5 23.9
+ 9.17
S. 0.02
+ 20 5 38.08
+ 19.07
28
.350404
9 6 27.6
24 19.2
9.48
.02
24 28.69
18.74
29
.340817
9 4 26.8
40 41.3
9.70
.01
40 51.01
18 52
30
.337546
9 3 39.8
46 31.8
9.78
.01
46 41.59
19.00
1852.— Jan.
1
.330888
9 1 56.0
20 58 44.1
9.92
,01
20 58 54.02
19.49
2
.327503
9 59.3
21 5 4.7
9.99
.01
21 5 14.69
19.27
3
.324079
8 59 59.3
11 34.3
10.06
.01
11 44.36
17.97
5
.317128
8 57 50.2
24 57.1
10.19
.01
25 7.29
18.21
9
.302822
8 52 56.9
21 52 55.9
10.44
.00
21 53 6.34
17.62
10
.299167
8 51 38.8
22 6.2
10.49
.00
22 16.69
17.28
12
.291772
8 48 49.2
14 32.8
10.59
.00
14 43.39
17.76
13
.28S034
8 47 21.9
21 47.4
10.64
.00
21 53.04
18.34
14
.284271
8 45 52.5
29 1.5
10.68
.00
29 12.18
18.21
15
.280486
8 44 21.2
36 14.1
10.72
.00
36 24.82
17.35
16
.276682
8 42 48.1
22 43 24.3
10.76
.00
22 43 35. G6
17.52
19
.265161
8 37 59.6
23 4 33.1
10.85
.00
23 4 40.95
17.00
20
.261293
8 36 21.0
11 20.6
10.87
.00
11 31.47
16.47
21
.257415
8 34 41.6
18 3.9
10.89
.00
18 14.79
17.67
22
.25;i529
8 33 1.5
24 39.1
10.90
.00
24 50.00
15.18
23
.249639
8 31 21.0
31 5.5
10.91
.01
31 16.41
15.74
24
.245743
8 29 40.2
37 22.1
10.91
.01
37 33.01
15.13
26
.237958
8 26 18.7
49 23.2
10.91
.01
49 34.12
15.51
27
.234070
8 24 38.4
23 55 6.4
10.90
.01
23 55 17.31
14.37
29
.226314
8 21 19.7
24 5 .55.4
10.88
.01
24 6 6.29
14.67
Feb.
2
.210958
8 14 55.4
24 51.5
10.78
.02
25 2.29
13.18
3
.2J7163
8 13 23.0
29 0.1
10.74
.02
29 10.85
14.11
4
.203386
8 11 52.5
32 54.0
10.71
.02
33 4.72
13.73
5
.199631
8 10 24.0
33 33.2
10.66
.02
36 43.87
13.03
6
.195906
8 8 57.6
39 57.8
10.62
.02
40 8.43
13.19
7
.192204
8 7 33.5
43 7.5
10.57
.02
43 18.08
12.83
9
.184884
8 4 52.5
48 43.1
10.47
.03
48 53.58
11.37
10
.181271
8 3 35.9
51 9.0
10.41
.03
51 19.42
11.16
11
.177687
8 2 22.0
53 20.7
10.35
.03
53 31.06
10.83
12
.174138
8 1 11.0
55 18.0
10.29
.03
55 28.30
11.73
13
.170620
8 2.9
57 1.3
10.23
.03
57 11.54
12.60
14
.367138
7 58 57.8
24 58 30.9
10.16
.03
24 58 41.07
12.23
16
.160234
7 56 57.1
25 49.6
10.03
.03
25 59.64
11.01
17
.156911
7 56 1.5
1 39.3
9.95
.03
1 49.27
10.04
18
.153578
7 55 9.2
2 16.1
9.88
.03
2 26.00
10.18
19
.150281
7 54 20.2
2 40.7
9.81
.03
2 50.53
9.91
20
.147025
7 53 34.6
2 53.1
9.73
.03
3 2.85
8.53
21
.143807
7 52 52.4
2 53.7
9.66
.03
3 3.38
11.12
23
.137488
7 51 38.2
2 20.5
9.50
.03
3 30.02
8.47
24
.134390
7 51 6.2
1 47.2
9.42
.03
1 56.64
7.67
25
.131330
7 50 37.7
25 1 3.5
9.34
.03
25 1 12.85
7.48
28
.122386
7 49 32.6
+ 24 57 52.3
+ 9.10
S. 0.03
4- 24 58 1.42
+ 6.96
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OBSERVATIONS COMPARED WJTII EPIIEMERIS.
CCl
MARS II.
Computation for Kremsmilnster Meridian Observations.
Tabular.
Date.
Wash.M.T.
in dec. of day.
Parallax.
Def. ill.
Comp'd 0,
A 8,
a.
d.
1852— Jan.
20
.273314
h. m. s.
8 36 19.84
° 1 II
+ 23 11 25.6
/
+ 5.41
II
0.00
II 1
+ 23 11 31.0
II
+ 16.0
24
.257762
8 29 38.95
23 37 26.7
5.32
0.01
23 37 32.0
17.5
Feb.
8
.200553
8 6 10.72
24 46 4.8
4.84
0.03
24 46 9.7
15.3
9
.196907
8 4 51.53
24 48 45.1
4.80
0.03
24 48 49.9
15.2
10
.193291
8 3 34.96
24 51 10.9
4.76
0.03
24 51 15,7
15.3
24
.146415
7 51 5.85
25 1 47.0
4.27
0.03
25 1 51.3
12.7
25
.143358
7 50 37.38
25 1 3.2
4.24
0.03
25 1 7.4
9.2
Mar.
26
.140345
7 50 12.33
25 9.1
4.20
0.03
25 13.3
13.2
6
.114883
7 48 56.04
24 45 6.7
3.93
0.03
24 45 10.7
7.7
7
.112239
7 49 3.43
24 42 44.6
3.90
0.03
24 42 48.5
7.4
8
.109625
7 49 13.80
24 40 15.0
3.87
0.03
24 40 18.9
11.5
14
.094659
7 51 16.54
24 22 44.7
3.71
0.03
24 22 48.4
4.1
16
1
.089923
i
7 52 19.33
+ 24 15 59.7
4- 3.66
0.03
-{- 24 16 3.4
+ 7.4
Z 20
Hosted by
Google
ecu
OBSEEVATIONS COMPARED WITH EPHEMEEIS.
III. FIEST CONJUNCTION OF VENUS.
VENUS I.
Computation for Santiago Equatorial Ohservations,
Paral
ax.
Semidiameter.
ate.
/Vash. M.T.
in dec. of
Tab. a.
Tab. d.
Ob'dpart.
Comp'd d.
Ad,
E
day.
a.
8.
a.
8.
h. m, s.
1 II
s.
II
s.
II
/ //
II
1850.-
-Oct. 19
.338449
16 40 26.70
— 26 ,32 40.3
— 0.94
+ 7.03
1.14
15.23
N.
— 26 32 18.0
+ 3.9
20
.326075
16 44 13.27
26 41 56.1
0.94
6.67
1.15
15.44
N.
26 41 34.0
2.9
22
.326958
16 51 45.27
26 59 2.9
0.97
6.87
1.19
15.86
N.
26 58 40.2
1.9
23
.323271
16 55 26.53
27 6 44.6
0.98
6.82
1.21
16.08
N.
27 6 21.7
4.0
24
.311141
16 59 3.18
27 13 50.1
S8
6.45
1.22
16.30
N.
27 13 27.3
3.6
25
.329782
17 2 42.57
27 20 35.1
1.02
7.26
1.24
16.54
N.
27 20 11.3
1.5
26
.313050
17 6 13.25
27 26 33.6
1.02
6.70
1.26
16.78
N.
27 26 10.1
4- 4.0
29
.290132
17 16 27.91
27 41 27.4
1.02
6.08
1.32
17.52
N.
27 41 3.8
— 1.3
.350424
17 16 40.02
27 41 42.5
1.09
8.59
1.32
17.53
N.
27 41 16.4
1.0
30
.326339
17 19 54.06
27 45 31.5
1.10
7.70
1.34
17.79
N.
27 45 6.0
— 0.5
31
.328546
17 23 8.92
27 48 55.1
1.12
7.92
1.36
18.06
N.
27 48 29.1
+ 1.2
Nov. 1
.313547
17 26 16.87
27 51 44.4
1.12
7.40
1.39
18.33
N.
27 51 18.7
1.0
2
,323315
17 29 24.60
27 54 6.4
1.15
7.97
1.41
18.61
N.
27 53 39.8
1.0
4
.300149
17 35 17.83
27 57 13.6
1.15
7.21
1.45
19.19
N.
27 56 47.2
1.4
6
.311707
17 40 56.03
27 58 22.1
1.21
8.06
1.50
19.81
N.
27 57 54.2
+ 0.9
7
.310076
17 43 35.27
27 58 11.4
1.23
8.16
1.52
20.13
N.
27 57 43.1
— 1.2
8
.306848
17 46 8.19
27 57 31.4
1.25
8.31
1.55
20.45
N.
27 57 2.6
— 0.5
10
.280189
17 50 51.96
27 54 47.0
1.23
7.24
1.60
21.13
N.
27 54 18.7
+ 0.1
11
.315959
17 53 10.18
27 52 36.0
1.33
9.24
1.62
21.48
N.
27 52 5.3
+ 0.4
13
.314107
17 57 14.48
27 46 57.5
1.37
9.15
1,67
22.20
N.
27 46 26.1
— 0.3
14
.315130
17 59 5.17
27 43 25.9
1.40
9.91
1.70
22.57
N.
27 42 53.4
+ 1.2
15
.281037
18 44.20
27 39 35.5
1.36
8.32
1.73
22.94
N.
27 39 4.2
— O.l
.312755
18 47.32
27 39 27.5
1.43
10.04
1.73
22.95
N.
27 38 54.5
+ 0.2
16
.307103
18 2 20.74
27 35 2.4
1.44
9.99
1.76
23.33
N.
27 34 29.1
+ 1.4
17
.292045
18 3 44.74
27 30 13.0
1.44
1.49
9.43
1.78
23.72
N.
27 29 39.8
— 0.7
18
.309470
18 5 12.30
27 24 45.9
10.70
1.81
24.12
N.
27 24 11.1
+ 1.2
21
.291491
18 7 52.89
27 6 3,1
1.54
10.58
1.90
25.34
N.
27 5 26.2
1.5
24
.303418
18 9 14.34
26 42 57.9
1.64
12.36
1.99
26.60
N.
26 42 18.9
+ 0.7
25
.308236
18 9 20.28
26 34 18.8
1.66
13.05
2.02
27.03
N.
26 33 S8.7
— 0.4
26
.334374
18 9 15.14
26 24 58,7
1.65
15.11
2.04
27.46
N.
26 24 16.1
+ 0.5
28
.304189
18 8 33.25
26 5 37.1
1.73
14.02
2.10
28.28
N.
26 4 54.8
— 1.2
29
.312331
18 7 55.47
25 54 58.1
1.75
14.98
2.13
28.69
N.
25 54 14.4
+ 3.4
30
.306782
18 7 7.43
25 43 58.1
1.77
15.06
2.15
29.09
N.
25 43 13.9
— 0.7
Dec. 3
.302140
18 3 39.41
25 7 50.0
— 1.83
16.10
2.23
30.24
S.
25 8 4.1
+ 0.7
1851
—Jan. 6
.705480
17 4 58.76
17 38 19.2
+ 1.52
12.99
1.85
26.37
S.
17 38 32.6
6.8
1
i
7
.705508
17 5 19.04
17 34 59.7
1.49
12.68
1.82
25.95
s.
17 35 13.0
+ 6.6
8
.665513
17 5 47.43
17 32 28.5
1.46
12.33
1.79
25.54
s.
17 32 41.7
— 1.7
9
.662595
17 6 25.93
17 30 31.5
1.44
12.16
1.76
25.13
s.
17 30 44.5
2.3
10
.657680
17 7 13.32
17 29 13.7
1.42
12.07
1.73
24.72
s.
17 29 26.3
2.8
11
.642953
17 8 8.85
17 28 33.0
1.40
12.35
1.70
24.31
s.
17 28 45.0
4.3
j
12
.657832
17 9 14.79
17 28 26.7
1.37
11.52
1.67
23.91
s.
17 28 39.1
4.5
14
.662896
17 11 50.21
17 29 51.6
1.31
10.82
1.62
23.12
s.
17 30 3.9
1.7
15
.658800
17 13 19.37
17 31 17.7
1.29
10.72
1.59
22.74
s.
17 31 29.8
5.5
1
16
.657134
17 14 56.36
17 33 10.4
1.27
10.55
1.57
22.37
s.
17 33 22.2
3.1
17
.657131
17 16 40.95
17 35 27.2
1.25
10.32
1.54
22.00
s.
17 35 38.9
2.2
18
.649177
17 18 31.82
17 38 4.7 •
1.24
10.36
1.52
21.64
s.
17 38 16.0
4.5
20
.648941
17 22 35.99
17 44 19.2
1.19
9.94
1.47
20.93
s.
17 44 30.2
3.3
24
.650433
17 32 0.99
17 59 37.4
1.11
9.10
1.38
19.63
s.
17 59 48.0
4.5
26
.650814
17 37 18.12
18 8 8.6
1.08
8.74
1.34
19.01
s.
18 8 18.9
2.6
27
.651362
17 40 4.74
18 12 30.5
1.06
8.. 56
1.32
18 72
s.
18 12 40.7
4.7
28
.652529
17 42 56.47
18 16 54.3
1.04
8.36
1.30
18.44
s.
18 17 4.4
3.7
Feb. 5
.651360
18 8 28.42
18 49 50.3
0.92
7.30
1.15
16.38
s.
18 49 59.4
3.2
.659449
18 8 30.10
18 49 52.0
0.91
7.08
1.15
16.38
N.
18 49 28.5
5.3
6
.662710
18 12 0.78
18 53 22.4
tt.89
6.88
1.14
0.
18 53 15.6
4.7
7
.655149
18 15 30.89
18 56 35.0
0.89
6.97
1.12
0.
18 56 28.0
2.3
10
.658692
18 26 28.67
— 19 4 .52.3
-f- 0.85
+ 6.57
1.08
c.
— 19 4 45.7
— 5.0
Hosted by
Google
OBSERVATIONS COMPARED WITH EPHEMERIS.
CCUl
VENUS I.
Computation for Santiago Meridian Observations,
Tabular.
Semi-diameter.
Date.
Wash. M.T. in
dec. of day.
Parallax.
Comp'd 0,
^d.
a.
d.
«.
d.
1850
.—Oct, 19
.098602
h. m. s.
16 39 30.96
/ //
— 26 30 20.4
+ 1.77
s.
1.13
II
15.18
/ //
—26 30 3.5
II
+ 13.1
20
.C98524
16 43 21.26
26 39 50.9
1.75
1.15
15.39
26 39 33.8
12.2
21
.098421
16 47 8.90
26 48 48.2
1.73
1.16
15.59
26 48 30.9
6.0
22
.098294
16 50 54.12
26 57 12.3
1.72
1.18
15.81
26 56 54.8
5.4
23
.098131
16 54 36.76
27 5 3.2
1.71
1.20
16.03
27 4 45.5
7.0
24
.097921
16 58 17,66
27 12 21.0
1.70
1.22
16.25
27 12 3.0
8.5
25
.097713
17 1 53.64
27 19 5.8
1.69
1.23
16.48
27 18 47.6
6.4
26
.097453
17 5 27.54
27 25 17.7
1.68
1.25
16.72
27 24 59.3
(22.1)
27
.097151
17 8 58.17
27 30 56.9
1.68
1.27
16.96
27 30 38.3
5.7
28
.096810
17 12 25.36
27 36 3.6
1.68
1.29
17.21
27 35 44.7
7.0
30
.096008
17 19 8.61
27 44 40.2
1.68
1.33
17.73
27 44 20.8
3.2
31
.095535
17 22 24.25
27 48 10.5
1.69
1.35
18.00
27 47 50.9
5.5
Nov. 1
.095015
17 25 35.61
27 51 9.5
1.70
1.38
18.27
27 50 49.5
8.1
2
.094440
17 28 42.49
27 53 37.0
1.71
1.40
18.55
27 53 16.7
3.7
4
.093128
17 34 41.84
27 56 59.6
1.75
1.44
19.13
27 56 38.7
(44.5)
5
.092383
17 37 33.70
27 57 55.2
1.77
1.46
19.43
27 57 34.0
2.6
7
.090897
17 43 0.80
27 58 16.3
1.83
1.51
20.06
27 57 54.4
5.8
8
.089752
17 45 35.41
27 57 42.6
1.86
1.53
20.38
27 57 20.3
6.2
10
.087637
17 50 25.43
27 55 8.0
1.93
1.59
21.05
27 54 45.0
4.8
11
.086462
17 52 40.22
27 53 7.7
1.98
1.61
21.40
27 52 44.3
6.3
13
.083861
17 56 47.89
27 47 42.2
2.08
1.66
22.11
27 47 18.0
2.0
14
.082428
17 58 40.15
27 44 17.6
2.14
1.69
22.48
27 43 53.0
3.1
15
.080901
18 24.32
27 40 25.4
2.20
1.72
22.86
27 40 0.3
7.6
16
.079275
18 2 0.09
27 36 5.6
2.27
1.75
23.24
27 35 40.1
5.7
17
.077551
18 3 27.19
27 31 18.3
2.34
1.77
23.63
27 30 52.3
+ 2.8
18
.075722
18 4 45.33
27 26 3.6
2.42
1.80
24.03
27 25 37.1
— 0.6
19
.073787
18 5 54.22
27 20 21.5
2.50
1.83
24.43
27 19 54.6
+ 4.2
20
.071743
18 6 53.60
27 14 12.0
2.58
1.86
24.84
27 13 44.6
, 3.3
21
.069585
18 7 43.21
27 7 35.1
2.67
1.89
25.25
27 7 7.2
4.6
23
.064920
18 8 52.27
26 52 58.3
2.87
1.95
26.08
26 53 29.5
1.4
26
.056229
18 9 17.66
26 27 33.6
3.21
2.03
27.34
26 27 3.1
2.6
27
.054144
18 9 4.73
26 18 7.5
3.33
2.06
27.72
26 17 36.4
2.0
28
.051136
18 8 41.00
26 8 12.7
3.46
2.09
28.18
26 7 41.1
5.0
30
.044068
18 7 21.16
25 46 55.4
3.73 1
2.14
28.99
25 46 22.7
3.0
Dec. 2
.037882
18 5 18.58
25 23 38.2
4.02 1
2.19
29.77
25 23 4.4
3.1
4
.030533
18 2 34.98
24 58 22.0
4.35
2.24
30.50
24 57 47.1
4.3
5
.026693
18 58.61
24 44 59.5
4.51
2.26
30.84
24 44 24.1
3.9
8
.014558
17 55 16.90
24 2 3.1
5.03
2.32
31.74
24 1 26.3
3.1
10
.006039
17 50 51.83
23 31 17.5
5.38
2.34
32.19
23 30 39.9
5.7
(12)
.997259
17 46 4.3.3
22 59 8.6
5.74
2.36
32.53
22 58 30.3
6.5
(13)
.992793
17 43 34.61
22 42 39.8
5.91
2.36
32.65
22 43 6.6
3.3
21
.955584
17 21 17.61
20 14 6.6
7.16
2.28
32.10
20 14 31.6
5.6
22
.948570
17 19 8.96
19 59 1.0
7.24
2.26
31.87
19 59 25.6
1.6
29
.921792
17 8 0.45
18 31 3.6
7.44
2.08
29.59
18 31 25.7
3.7
31
.915076
17 6 15,32
18 12 50.0
7.39
2.02
28.79
18 13 11.4
5.1
1851.-
-Jan. 5
.900464
17 4 49.43
17 41 32.2
7.09
1.87
26.71
17 41 51.8
0.0
6
.897880
17 5 1.92
17 37 37.4
7.00
1.84
26.28
17 37 56.7
0.0
7
.895402
17 5 23.97
17 34 26.7
6.91
1.81
25.86
17 34 45.6
0.4
8
.893033
17 5 55.41
17 31 58.3
6.82
1.78
25.44
17 32 16.9
0.0
9
.890770
17 6 36.02
17 30 10.3
6.72
1.75
25.04
17 30 28.6
1.2
10
.888610
17 7 25.57
17 29 1.0
6.62
1.72
24.63
17 29 19.0
0.8
11
.886552
17 8 23.88
17 28 28.3
6.51
1.69
24.22
17 28 46.0
+ 2.4
— 0.9
12
.884593
17 9 30.71
17 28 30.0
6.40
1.66
23.82
17 28 47.4
13
.882731
17 10 45.85
17 29 4.0
6.29
1.63
23.43
17 29 21.1
+ 0.4
14
.880960
17 12 9.07
— 17 30 8.1
+ 6.18
1.61
23.04
—17 30 25.0
+ 0.7
Hosted by
Google
CCIV
OBSERVATIONS COMPAEED WITH EPHEMERIS.
VENUS I.
Computaiion for Santiago Meridian Observations — Continued.
Tabular.
Semi-diameter.
Date.
Wash. M.T. in
dec. of day.
Parallax.
Comp'd d.
Jd,
a.
d.
a.
d.
d.
h, m. s.
° 1 II
//
s.
II
1 II
^,
1851.— Jan,
15
.879281
17 13 40.14
~ 17 31 40.4
+ 6.07
1.58
22.65
— 17 31 57.0
+ 0.3
16
.877686
17 15 18.73
17 33 38.6
5.96
1.56
22.28
17 33 54.9
0.7
17
.876179
17 17 4.83
17 36 0.2
5.84
1.53
21.91
17 36 16.3
+ 0.6
20
.872139
17 23 4.89
17 45 5.2
5.51
1.46
20.85
17 45 20.5
— 2.1
21
.870948
17 25 18.13
17 48 39.5
5.40
1.43
20.52
17 48 54.6
1.0
22
.869825
17 27 37.65
17 52 26.7
5.29
1.41
20.19
17 52 41.6
0.1
23
,8C8774
17 30 3.09
17 56 24.8
5.19
1.39
19.87
17 56 39.5
2.7
24
.867789
17 32 34.39
18 31.8
5.08
1,37
19.56
18 46.3
1.9
25
.866870
17 35 11.26
18 4 45.8
4.98
1.35
19.25
18 5 0.1
3.3
26
.866011
17 37 53.54
18 9 4.7
4.88
1.33
18.95
18 9 18.8
6
27
.865213
17 40 41.00
18 13 26.8
4.78
1.31
18.66
18 13 40.7
1.7
28
.864472
17 43 33.46
18 17 50.3
4.69
1,29
18.38
18 18 4.0
— 0.6
Feb
3
.861125
18 2 23.07
18 43 8.6
4.17
1.18
16.80
18 43 21.2
+ 1.0
5
.860384
18 9 11.84
18 50 31.9
4.02
1.15
16.33
18 50 47.2
+ 1.0
6
.860073
18 12 41.61
18 54 0.7
3.95
1.13
16 10
18 54 12.8
— 0.4
7
.859807
18 16 14.80
18 57 13.2
3.88
1.12
15.88
18 57 25.2
+ 1.9
10
.859218
18 27 13.57
— 19 5 20.2
-f 3.69
1.07
15.46
— 19 5 32.0
+ 3.6
VENtJS I.
Computation for Wasliington Equatorial observations.
Parallax.
Semi-diameter.
Date.
Wash. M.T. in
dec. of day.
Tab. a.
Tab. 0,
Obs.
part.
Comp'd d.
JS.
«.
d.
a.
d.
h. m. s.
o 1 II
s.
II
s.
II
/ //
1850.— Oct.
19
.261184
16 40 8.67
— 26 31 55.5
— 0.69
--11.63
l.Ol
15.21
0.
— 26 32 7.1
21
22
.262813
.248186
16 47 46.32
16 51 27.67
26 50 13.9
26 58 24.9
0.70
0.67
12.04
12.47
1.04
1.C6
15.63
15.84
C,
c.
26 50 25.9
26 58 37.4
<- 1.5
1 — 3.8
+ 3.7
28
.248522
17 12 56.49
27 36 47.3
0.75
13.. 56
1.15
17.25
c.
27 37 0.9
4.4
Nov.
1
.241499
17 26 3.29
. 27 51 33.0
0.77
14.56
1.22
18.31
c.
27 51 47.6
4.0
2
.238227
17 29 7.89
27 53 55.7
0.77
14.87
1.24
18.59
c.
27 54 10.6
3.7
9
.234576
17 48 24.84
27 56 28.1
0.87
16.54
1.38
20.74
c.
27 56 44.7
3.1
10
.236150
17 50 45.92
27 54 52.1
0.90
16.71
1.41
21.10
c.
27 55 8.9
2.5
.220761
17 50 43.80
27 54 53.6
0.81
17.22
1.41
21.10
c.
27 ,55 10.8
0.2
13
,231252
17 57 4.96
27 47 13.7
0.94
17.62
1.48
22.17
c.
27 47 31.3
3.6
14
.225873
17 58 55.62
27 43 45.9
0.93
18.02
1.50
22.54
c.
27 44 3.9
+ 1.8
21
.218820
18 7 49.78
27 6 33.4
-1.08
19.94
1.69
25,31
c.
27 6 53.3
— 0.1
1851 .—Jan.
13
.777047
17 10 37.51
17 28 59.9
+ 1.12
17.70
1.56
23.47
c.
17 29 17.6
8.2
15
.759202
17 13 28 78
17 31 27.9
0.93
16.78
1.51
22.70
c.
17 31 44.7
4.2
24
.753286
17 32 16.76
— 18 3.2
+ 0.78
—14.65
1.31
19.60
c.
— 18 17.8
— 3.9
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OBSERVATIONS COMPARED WITH EPHEMERIS.
CCV
VEl^US I.
Computation for Greemvicli Meridian Observations,
Wash.M.T.
Tabular.
Date.
in dec. of
day.
a.
3,
Parallax.
Comp'd ^^
Ad,
1850.-(Oct. 15)
.902636
h. m. s.
16 23 5.15
— 25 44 25.6
//
— 13.83
° 1 II
— 25 44 39.43
II
+ 3.63
(16)
.902303
16 27 3.02
25 56 15.0
14.02
25 56 29.02
4.36
(21)
.902403
16 46 24.46
26 47 5.5
15.03
26 47 20.53
8.70
(Nov. 11)
.890659
17 52 14.35
27 53 33.5
20.69
27 53 54.19
3.81
(28)
.855710
18 8 46.50
26 10 11.7
27.08
26 10 38.78
7.12
(29)
.852608
18 8 14.07
25 59 53.2
27.46
26 20.66
8.20
Dec. (6)
.827501
17 59 34.45
24 33 53.5
29.78
24 34 23.28 '
6.81
27
.733575
17 10 41.75
18 54 48.3
28.25
18 55 16.55
10.10
1 1.— Jan. 8
.697416
17 5 48.51
17 32 24.1
23.51
17 32 47.61
0.44
17
.680398
17 16 43.47
17 35 30.6
20.25
17 35 50.85
■f 1.47
22
.673973
17 27 9.77
17 51 41.2
18.69
17 51 59.89
— 0.55
29
.657855
17 45 55.58
18 21 21.8
16.80
18 21 38.60
0.70
Feb. 2
.665589
17 58 25.84
18 38 22.9
15.86
18 38 38.76
2.36
3
.665146
18 1 43.80
18 42 22.6
15,65
18 42 38.25
2.52
6
.664386
18 8 31.12
18 49 53.1
15.21
18 50 8.31
2.63
7
.663789
18 15 32.74
18 56 36.5
14.80
18 56 51.30
1.40
16
.662845
18 49 40.37
— 19 13 10.6
— 13.16
— 19 13 23.76
— 4.62
VEIVUS I.
Computation for Altona Meridian Observations,
Date.
Wash.M.T.
in dec. of
day.
Tubular.
Parallax. Comp'd §^
J 3.
a.
d.
1851.— Jan. 27
31
.641376
.639051
h. m. s.
17 40 3.06
17 51 56.90
/ //
— 18 12 28.0
— 18 29 55.0
II O 1 II
+ 17.54 — 18 12 10.5
+ 16. ,53 — 18 29 38.5
11
— 0.1
-2.4
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CCVl
OBSEltVATIONS COMPARED WITH EPHEMER18.
IV. SECOND CONJUNCTION OF VENUS.
VENUS II.
Computation for Santiago Equatorial Observations,
Parallax.
Date.
Wash. M.T.
in dec. of day.
Tab. a.
Tab. d.
Semidiameter.
Obs'd
part.
Comp'd d.
Ad.
a.
3.
h. m. s.
/ //
s.
II
//
° 1 II
II
1852
.—May 30 ,
.257754
7 43 10.58
4-24 5 19.4
—0.73
+10.82
C.
+24 5 30.2
—4.5
June 2
.247087
7 52 36.54
23 29 58.7
0.73
11.48
c.
23 30 10.2
+1.5
3
.246930
7 55 36.45
23 17 36.9
0.74
11.62
c.
23 17 48.5
12
.245048
8 18 33.12
21 17 36.4
0.86
12.94
c.
21 17 49.3
—2.6
15
.244243
8 24 20.30
20 35 35.2
0.92
13.41
c.
20 35 48.6
—1.4
22
.243103
8 33 35.14
18 58 8.9
1.07
14.48
c.
18 58 23.4
+0.2
23
.248384
8 34 21.97
18 44 32.7
1.12
14.46
c.
18 44 47.2
—1.6
24
.245630
8 34 59.60
18 31 13.0
1.14
14.69
c.
18 31 27.7
0.5
July 6
.236984
8 30 12.03
16 11 39.7
1.45
16.30
27.07
N.
16 12 23.1
2.0
9
.231435
8 25 25.78
15 45 2.7
-1.52
16.62
28.03
N.
15 45 47.3
—1.3
30
.745462
7 34 31.34
14 36 25.3
+1.52
16.97
c.
14 36 42.3
+6.7
31
.745779
7 32 45.68
14 37 58.2
1.49
16.96
c.
14 38 15.2
4.6
Aug. 4
.733518
7 27 16.46
14 46 57.9
1.41
16.29
c.
14 47 14.2
8.7
8
.7] 8202
7 24 24.30
14 59 20.0
1.35
15.37
c.
14 59 35.4
5.7
12
.724735
7 24 10.81
15 13 35.5
1.21
15.04
c.
15 13 50.5
8.2
13
.725259
7 24 31.55
15 17 15.2
1.18
14.91
0.
15 17 30.1
7.7
16
.718912
7 26 28.08
15 28 3.9
1.12
14.27
c.
15 28 18.2
5.1
21
.692311
7 32 28.40
15 44 13.5
1.10
12.77
c.
15 44 26.3
5.3
.714374
7 32 30.41
15 44 17.3
1.02
13.35
0.
15 44 30.6
5.4
22
.707331
7 34 5.31
15 47 3.4
1.03
13.01
c.
15 47 16.4
6.7
23
.714628
7 35 48.70
15 49 39.6
0.98
13.03
c.
15 49 52.7
6.6
28
.716423
7 46 1.79
15 58 56.2
0.87
12.27
c.
15 59 8.5
3.1
Sept. 1
.710386
7 55 56.66
16 58.9
0.83
11.53
0.
16 1 10.4
5.7
2
.704420
7 58 37.51
16 37.8
0.84
11.25
c.
16 49.0
7.2
3
.705168
8 1 24.20
15 59 54.2
0.82
11.12
0.
16 5.3
12.3
6
.701033
8 10 9.70
15 55 22.9
0.79
10.62
c.
15 55 33.6
6.5
7
.696216
8 13 12.50
15 53 4.2
0.79
10.39
c.
15 53 14.6
7.8
8
.698248
8 16 20 35
+15 50 19.2
+0.77
+10.29
c.
+15 50 29.5
+2.6
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OBSERVATIONS COMPAKED WITH EPHEMERlS.
ecvii
VENUS II.
Computation for Santiago Meridian Observations.
Tabular.
Semi diameter.
Date.
Wash. M.T.
in dec. of day.
Parallax.
Comp'd 0.
Ad,
a.
d.
a.
d.
1852
—May 30
.113124
h. m. 8,
7 42 41.87
/ //
+24 G 57.7
//
+ 12.80
s.
1.12
II
15.37
° / //
+24 6 55.1
II
— 4.6
31
.112G41
7 45 56.47
23 55 28.5
12.95
1.14
15.59
23 55 25.9
1.9
June 2
.111511
7 52 11.79
23 31 38.1
13.27
1.16
16.04
23 32 7.5
4.8
3
.110860
7 55 12.25
23 19 18,7
13.43
1.18
16.28
23 19 15.8
5 8
12
.102235
8 18 13.95
21 19 35.7
15.03
1.33
18.65
21 20 9.4
2.7
13
.100933
8 20 17.51
21 5 39.5
15.22
1.35
18.95
21 5 35.8
3.2
22
.085462
8 33 27.00
19 17.7
17.12
1.54
21.90
19 56.7
1.1
23
.083287
8 34 7.56
18 46 46.1
17.34
1.57
22.26
18 46 41.2
4.7
24
.081007
8 34 54.00
18 33 24.3
17.57
1.59
22.62
18 34 4.5
— 1.8
28
.070838
8 35 59.16
17 42 1.1
18.50
1.68
24.10
17 42 43.7
+ 0.5
29
.068019
8 35 51.82
17 29 47.8
18.74
1.71
24.47
17 29 42.1
— 6.0
30
.065091
8 35 34.78
17 17 52.1
18.95
1.73
24.85
17 18 36.0
1.3
July 1
.062049
8 35 7.96
17 6 15.0
19.19
1.76
25.21
17 6 59.4
— 0.7
5
.048760
8 31,42.92
16 23 17.0
20.08
1.85
26.67
16 24 3.7
+ 1.4
3.2
6
.045159
8 30 27.60
16 13 29.9
20.30
1.87
27.00
16 14 17.2
7
.041453
8 29 3.01
16 4 7.7
20.50
1.90
27.34
16 4 55.5
2.7
8
.037642
H 8 27 29.39
15 55 11.1
20.69
1.92
27.66
15 55 59.4
6.6
9
.033729
8 25 47.09
15 46 40.9
20.88
1.94
27.97
15 47 29.7
7.9
10
.029710
8 23 56.50
15 38 37.5
21.04
1.96
28,26
15 39 26.8
2.7
13
.017183
8 17 39.74
15 17 14.1
21.49
2.00
29.00
15 18 4.6
2.5
18
.993613
8 5 21.09
14 51 8.7
21.91
2.05
29.77
14 52 0.4
5.3
25
.954580
7 42 23.71
14 33 41.3
21.45
2.02
29.28
14 34 32.0
5.7
29
.941985
7 36 2.33
14 35 24.8
20.98
1.97
28.62
14 36 14.4
8.5
30
.937965
7 34 10.34
14 36 41.7
20.79
1.95
28.37
14 37 30.9
11.2
31
.934040
7 32 26. 81
14 38 17.8
20.59
1.93
28.08
14 39 6.5
4.3
Aug. 4
.919400
7 29 4.87
14 47 28.7
19.72
1.85
26.82
14 48 15.2
7.3
5
.916023
7 26 8.68
14 50 21.1
19.48
1.82
26.48
14 51 7.1
6.1
6
.912761
7 25 22.47
14 53 24.6
19.24
1.80
26.13
14 54 10.0
7.4
7
.909611
7 24 46.29
14 56 37.5
18 99
1.78
25.77
14 57 22.3
9.5
8
.906579
7 24 20.12
14 59 58.5
18.74
1.75
25.41
15 42.6
7.6
10
.900855
7 23 57.50
15 6 58.5
18.24
1.70
24.68
15 7 41.4
9.5
12
.895583
7 24 13.69
15 14 13.0
17.73
1.65
23.96
15 14 54.7
7.5
13
.893109
7 24 35.95
15 17 52.0
17,49
1.63
23.60
15 18 33.1
5.6
14
.890740
7 25 7.39
15 21 30.4
17.24
1.60
23.24
15 22 10.9
6.5
16
.886313
7 26 36.92
15 28 39.1
16.75
1.56
22.54
15 29 18.4
8.7
21
.876917
7 32 45.44
15 44 45.2
15.58
1.44
20.85
15 45 21.6
6.5
22
.875300
7 34 22.07
15 47 30.3
15.33
1.42
20.53
15 48 6.2
5.8
23
.873760
7 36 5.78
15 50 3.1
15.10
1.40
20.21
15 50 38.4
7.7
28
.867234
7 46 22.65
15 59 6.5
14.02
1.30
18.73
15 59 39.2
7.1
31
.864132
7 53 45.58
16 1 0.1
13.42
1.24
17.91
16 1 31.4
6.4
Sept. 1
.863220
7 56 21.08
16 57.1
13 22
1.22
17.65
16 1 28.0
7.3
2
.862364
7 59 3.51
16 32.4
13.03
1.20
17.39
16 1 2.8
4.5
3
.861563
8 1 50.66
15 59 45.3
12.85
1.19
17.14
16 15.3
5.4
6
.859464
8 10 38.57
15 55 2.5
12.30
1.14
16.49
15 55 31.3
7.4
7
.858860
8 13 42.74
15 52 39.2
12.12
1.12
16.21
15 53 7.5
7.6
8
.858300
8 16 50.70
+ 15 49 50.5
+ 11.94
1.11
15.99
+ 15 50 18.4
+ 6.3
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CCVlll
OBSERVATIONS COMPARED WITH EPIIEMERIS.
VENUS II.
Computation for Washington Equatorial observations.
Date.
Wash.M.T. in
dec. of day.
Tab. a.
Tab. d.
Parallax.
Semi-diameter.
Obs.
part.
Comp'd 8,
J 8.
«.
d.
a.
8.
1852.— May 31
June 5
9
11
Aug. 26
29
d.
.342197
.347380
.347612
.386008
.656998
.656827
h. m. s.
7 46 40.52
8 1 37.88
8 12 0.17
8 16 41.33
7 41 30.31
7 48 14.05
1 II
4- 23 52 47.8
22 50 52.4
21 57 34.7
21 29 32.6
15 55 55.5
+ 15 59 53.5
s,
— 0.85
0.92
0.97
— 1.01
-1- 1.03
-f 0.98
II
— 1.G7
8.64
9.39
11.11
11.02
—10.44
1.04
1.12
1.19
1.23
1.29
1.23
II
15.65
16.82
17.87
18.44
19.36
18.51
C.
c.
c.
c.
c.
c.
o / //
+ 23 52 40.1
22 50 43.8
21 57 25.3
21 29 21.5
15 55 44.5
+ 15 59 43.1
1'
— 1.4
1.9
— 1.4
+ 7.4
VENUS II.
Computation for Greenwich Meridian observations.
Tabular.
m
Date.
Wash. M.T.
Parallax.
Comp'd 0,
A 8.
in dec. of day.
a.
8,
h. m. s.
o / //
//
#
o / //
II
^1852.— (May
24)
.919003
7 21 2.33
4- 25 10 32.1
— 6.15
4- 25 10 25.95
— 4.20
(July
3)
.860244
8 33 54.77
16 46 8.9
14.48
16 45 54.42
— 2.44
(5)
.853424
8 31 56.57
16 25 15.0
15.01
16 24 59.99
4- 0.51
( 6)
.849844
8 30 43.11
16 15 23.1
15.27
16 15 7.83
— 1.48
( 7)
.846159
8 29 20.32
16 5 55.9
15.52
16 5 40.38
— 0.43
(8)
.842367
8 27 48.44
15 56 54.2
15.76
15 56 38.44
4- 0.28
(12)
.826235
8 20 17.47
15 25 15.4
16.62
15 24 58.78
— 0.08
(13)
.8211994
8 18 6.22
15 18 30.3
16.80
15 18 13.50
4- 1.34
(16)
.808856
8 10 58.01
15 1 6.9
17.25
15 49.65
1.35
22
.777107
7 52 43.02
14 .37 18.4
17.58
14 37 0.82
3.02
Aug,
4
.724006
7 27 17.05
14 46 56.4
15.79
14 46 40.61
5.32
12
.700009
7 24 10.42
15 13 30.0
13.97
15 13 16.03
6.98
24
.676523
7 37 34.14
15 51 56.4
11.42
15 51 44.98
7.01
30
.669224
7 50,41.95
16 36.1
10.40
16 25.70
5.95
Sept
1
.667:^7
7 55 49.80
16 59.3
10.09
16 49.21
5.93
2
.666464
7 58 31.28
16 39.0
9.95
16 29.05
6.27
13
.660091
8 32 41.41
+ 15 30 12.5
— 8.66
4- 15 30 3.84
4- 6.18
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OBSERVATIONS COMPAEED WITH EPHEMERIS.
CCIX
VENUS II.
Computation for Cracow Meridian Observations,
Tabular
Date.
Washington M.T.
in dee. of day.
Parallax.
Comp'd ^,
Ad,
a.
8.
h. m. s.
o 1 II
II
/ //
11
1852.— June
2
.860169
7 51 25.64
+ 23 34 41.7
+ 6.99
+ 23 34 48.7
-f 2.0
3
.859535
7 54 27.33
23 22 26.1
7.15
23 22 33.3
— 1.2
4
.858841
7 57 24.08
23 9 55,6
7.30
23 10 2.9
3.2
5
.858096
8 15.73
22 57 11.4
7.47
22 57 18.9
6.4
7
.856414
8 5 43.15
22 31 5.4
7.81
22 31 13.2
1.2
8
.855476
8 8 18.62
22 17 46.1
7.99
22 17 54.1
— 0.4
1]
.852266
8 15 30.14
21 36 55.6
8.55
21 37 4.2
+ 0.2
12
.851051
8 17 41.79
21 23 5.4
8.75
21 23 14.2
+ 1.5
14
.848404
8 21 45.71
20 55 11.4
9.17
20 55 20.6
— 5.5
17
.843838
8 27 0.27
20 13 5.9
9.83
20 13.15.7
+ 5.2
18
.842153
8 28 30.60
19 59 5.3
10.06
19 59 15.4
— 2.7
23
.832.345
8.34 3.66
18 50 9.3
11.29
18 50 20.6
0.1
26
. 825272
8 35 40.79
18 10 29.8
12.07
18 10 41.9
— 1.7
27
.822707
8 35 54.86
17 57 41.5
12.34
17 57 53,8
+ 6.4
Aug.
17
.633265
7 27 19.27
15 31 15.4
12.41
15 31 27.8
13.6
18
.631268
7 28 23.13
4- 15 34 38.9
+ 12.20
* + 15 34 51.1
+ 6.3
§8. SOLAE PARALLAX FROM CORRESPONDENT OBSERVATIONS.
The fewness and insufficiency of the correspondent observations have already been shown and
commented upon. Ilf is nevertheless proper to deduce such resultant values as they afford, and
this the preceding computations now enable us readily to do.
The comparisons in these cases having been made with the same star and nearly at the same
time, the corrections of the ephemeris and of the semidiameter may be regarded as constant
for the interval which may have elapsed between the northern and the southern observation. The
paucity of material renders any attempts to eliminate the influence of irradiation or of personal
equation altogether futile, and the formula thus assumes a very simple shape.
The comparison of the planet with a fixed star gives the equation —
8 — d=d^ — d+ {Ad^):^r — h-^ + fiAmAi (\ k + i + <1^
or Dm =: d^ — c? + (^^o) ^ ^ + A — ^^^ + ^
in which the notation of § 3 is retained, p^ being substitued for k ^^, the parallax as computed
with the adopted Enckian value.
The results of the correspondent observations thus computed are appended, and arranged in a
form which will explain itself. The northern observations are first given, then the southern
ones, and lastly, the values deduced from the combination of the two, together with the determi-
nation of w from the equation
S= (Ic, — \) hzr — 2&D,d — (Am, — Am,) ± (r, — r,) + (p, —p,)
Z3 o
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ccx
SOLAE PARALLAX FROM CORRESPONDENT OBSERVATIONS.
I, Correspondent Observations in Northern Latitudes.
A. MARS I.
Place.
Date.
Time.
Wash. M.T.
Dm^
^1
Pi
h
1849.
h. TO. s.
II
II
II
Washington
Dec. 12
4 32 6.82
.461928
— 67.49
—
— 3.47
— 0.405
it
12
4 32 6.82
.461928
— 67.49
_
3.47
0.405
Greenwich
15
5 18 15
.272244
—131.81
—
6.22
0.725
Washington
17
4 27 37.13
.445164
4- 36.33
—
3.39
0.395
Cambridge
17
2 10 4.80
.333503
+ 34.68
+ 7.98
5.93
0.692
Washington
27
3 58 25.54
.397642
— 26.82
—
3.34
0.390
Greenwich
27
51 10
.054511
— 24.11
—
8.45
0.986
Cambridge
27
2 43 36.12
.329415
— 18.42
4- 7.69
5.06
0.591
Washington
31
4 10 43.34
.395237
+ 80.66
—
3.14
0.366
Cambridge
31
1850.
6 4 1.98
.457302
-f 71.05
— 7.50
3.80
0.443
Cambridge
Jan. 1
1 53 41.4
.281197
+ 33.25
— 7.45
5.44
0.623
Greenwich
4
4 20 15.5
.177475
— 46.24
—
5.74
0.670
Cambridge
4
1 46 58.82
.268358
— 46.07
+ 7.29
5.36
0.625
Greenwich
7
3 23 46
.130159
—219.40
—
5.92
0.690
Washington
9
3 57 3.80
.361203
—355.73
—
2.98
0.348
iC
12
3 40 57.14
.341853
+ 82.67
_
3.01
0.351
n
14
4 29 52.31
.370271
— 45.30
—
2.71
0.315
a
22
4 15 28.06
.338453
+144.67
—
2.57
0.300
u
29
3 16 54.06
.275307
—110.86
—
— 2.73
— 0.318
B. MARS II
Place.
Date.
Time.
Wash. M.T.
Dm^
^1
Pi
h
Washington
1852.
Jan. 24
Feb. 2
h. TO. s.
6 25 40.24
6 36 51.43
.424491
.407664
II
—445.63
+ 20.73
-
II
— 3.94
— 3.52
II
— 0.460
— 0.411
C. VENUS I.
Place.
Date.
Time.
Wash. M.T.
Dm^
^1
Pi
^1
1850.
h. TO. s.
II
II
//
Washington
Oct. 19
20 8 23.71
.261184
—265.64
—
— 11.63
— 1.357
22
20 1 25.02
.248186
+154.65
—
12.47
1.455
Nov. 1
20 31 13.19
.241499
+301.54
—
14.56
1.699
2
20 30 26.21
.238227
+158.93
—
14.87
1.735
10
20 58 58.72
.236150
—197.92
—
16 71
1.950
13
21 3 43.99
.231252
+149.58
—
17.62
2.056
14
20 59 54.68
.225873
+ 50.76
—
18.02
2.102
21
1851.
21 17 19.48
.218820
— 92.46
—
19.94
2.327
Jan. 15
13 54 26.81
.759202
+ 81.70
—
— 16.78
— 1.958
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SOLAR PARALLAX FROM CORRESPONDENT OBSERVATIONS,
CCXl
II. Correspondent Observations in Southern Latitudes,
A. MARS I»
Place.
Date.
Time.
Wash. M.T.
Dm^
^2
i>2
h.
Santiago
1849.
Dec. 12
h. m. s.
3 45 40.36
.411837
II
— 55.21
//
+ 11.90
+ 1.388
u
12
4 33 52.53
.445221
48.09
—
12.40
1.446
a
15
4 3 20.25
.415880
—102.30
^
12.14
1.417
U
17
5 6 31.16
.454176
+ 53.11
«.
12.58
1.468
"
27
5 24 41.28
.439454
~ 11.12
_-
12.18
1.421
a
31
4 55 12.18
.408113
•f 98.89
—
11.85
1.383
1850.
"
Jan. 1
4 51 23.94
.402747
4- 54.37
.-™
11.77
1.373
"
4
5 11 25.58
.408426
— 44.91
—
11.55
1.347
a
7
5 6 42.04
.396962
221.93
«_
11.27
1.315
n
9
5 6 23.99
.391292
—347.62
_
11.08
1.293
it
12
5 10 26.38
.385899
+ 94.50
10.79
1.259
{(
14
5 20 13.40
.387213
— 33.01
--
10.58
1.235
a
22
5 26 8. .50
.369468
+157.41
9.78
1.138
(I
29
5 24 30.34
.349222
— 99.13
—
+ 9.11
+ 1.063
B. MARS II.
Place.
Date.
Time.
Wash. M.T.
Bm^
r.
Vi
,. ^^
Santiago
1852.
Jan. 24
Feb. 2
h. m. s.
8 2 48.04
8 6 34.80
.473829
.451873
II
^415.06 )
—415.48 f
+ 46,58
II
-f 9.17
-f 10.71
//
+ 1.263
+ 1.250
C. VENUS I.
Wash. M.T.
Place.
Date.
Time.
h
Dm^
^2
P2
h
1850.
h. m. s.
II
II
If
II
Santiago
Oct. 19
22 25 50.70
.338449
—236.83
+15.23
+ 7.03
+ 0.820
22
22 21 4.80
.326958
+152.67
15.86
6.87
0.685
Nov. 1
22 41 8.48
.313547
333.59
18.33
7.40
0.863
2
22 59 11.28
,323315
+192.42
18.61
7.97
0.930
10
22 28 27.40
.280189
—145.35
21.13
7.24
0.845
13
23 29 15.60
.314107
+218.67
22.20
9.15
1.067
14
23 34 40.74
.315130
+121.84
22.57
9.91
1.156
21
1851.
23 28 8.62
.291491
— 6.96
+25.34
10.58
1.235
<c
Jan. 15
11 55 21.72
.658800
+ 97.80
—22.74
+ 10.72
+ 1.251
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CCXll
SOLAR PARALLAX FROM CORRESPONDENT OBSERVATIONS,
III. Parallax deduced from Correspondent Observations,
1. WASHINGTON AND SANTIAGO.
Obs.
Date.
t.
2^.
A^.
2§D,d.
Bm^—Dm^,
r—r^
V2—P1
s.
^2 \
h-zs-.
1849.
d.
//
II
II
II
II
II
n
Mars I
Dec. 12
.436883
—0.050091
+113.3
— 5.68
—12.28
—
+15.37
— 2.59
+1.793
+1.445
12
.453575
—0.016707
+113.1
— 1.89
—19.40
—
+15.87
— 5,42
+1.851
+2.928
17
.449670
+0.009012
+ 66.2
+ 0.60
—16.78
—
+ 15.97
— 0.21
+1.863
+0.113
27
.418548
+0.041812
— 17.2
— 0.72
—15.70
—
+ 15. .52
— 0.90
+ 1.811
+0.497
31
.401675
+0.012876
— 39.9
— 0.51
—18.23
—
+14.99
— 3,75
+1.749
+2.444
1850.
Jan. 9
.376248
+0.030089
— 63.5
— 1.91
— 8.11
—
+14.06
+ 4.04
+1.641
—2.462
12
.363876
+0.044046
— 64. 2>
— 2.83
—11.83
—
+13,80
— 0.86
+1.610
+0.534
14
.378742
+0.016942
— 62.5
— 1.06
-12.29
—
+13.29
+ 0.04
+ 1.550
—0.026
22
.353961
+0.031015
— 46.1
— 1.43
—12.74
—
+12.35 ■
— 1.82
:+1.438
+1.266
29
.312265
+0.073915
— 27.4
— 2.03
—11.73
—
+11.84
— 1.92
+1.381
+1.390
1852.
. . -. :
Mars II
Jan. 24
.449160
+0.049338
+370.7
+18.29
— 30.15-)'
-
+13.11
+ 0.83 i
+ 1.25 i
+1.723
-0.482
Feb. 2
1850.
Oct. 19
.429769
+0.044209
+253.5
+ 11,21
-25 85
-
+14.23
— 0.41
+1.661
+0.247
Venus I
,299817
+0.077265
—580.4
—44.84
—28,81
+15.23
+18.66
-39.76
+2.177
+18.264
22
.287572
+0.078772
—481.3
—37.91
+ 1,98
+15.86
+19.34
— 0.73
—2.140
+0.341
Nov. 1
.277523
+0.072048
—157.6
—11.35
—32.05
+18.33
+21.96
— 3.11
+2.562
+1.214
2
.280771
+0.085088
-126.4
—10.76
-33.49
+18.61
+22.84
— 2.80
+2.665
+1.051
10
.258170
+0.044039
+111.1
+ 4.89
-52.57
+21.13
+23.95
-2.60
+2.795
+0.930
13
.272b80
+0.082855
+196.2
+16.26
—69.09
+22.20
+26.77
— 3.86
+3.123
+1.236
14
.270502
+0.089257
+223.9
+19.98
—71.08
+22.57
+27.93
— 0.60
+3.258
+0.184
21
.255156
+0.072671
+416.8
+30.29
-85.50
+25.34
+30.52
+ 0.65
+3.562
—0.182
1851.
Jan. 15
.709001
—0.100402
—100.9
+10.13
—16.10
—22.74
+27.50
— 1.21
+3.209
+0.377
2. CAMBRIDGE AND SANTIAGO.
Obs.
Date.
t.
2&,
n.d.
2^D,d.
Dmj^ — Drn^
r—r.
P2—P1
S.
h^ — ^1
h-zT,
d.
II
II
"
II
II
II
II
II
Mars I
Dec. 17
.393840
+0.120673
+ 66.7
+ 8.05
—18.43
—7.98
+18.51
+0.15
+2.160
—0.069
27
.334435
+0.110039
— 17.0
— 1.87
— 7.30
—7.69
+ 17.24
+0.38
+2.012
—0.189
31
,432708
—0.049189
— 40.1
+ 1.97
—27.84
- +7.50
+15.65
—2.72
+ 1.826
+0.148
Jan. 1
.341972
+0.121550
— 44.2
— 5.37
—21 . 12
+7.45
+17.21
—1.83
+1.996
+0.917
4
.338392
+0.140068
— 55.1
- 7.72
- 1.16
—7.29
+16.91
+0 74
+1.972
—0.375
3. GREENWICH AND SANTIAGO.
Obs.
Date.
t.
2d:
DA
2^D,d.
Dm^ — Dm^
r^ — r^
Vi Pi
S,
*.-,
^^.
IMars I
Dec. 15
27
.344062
.246983
d.
+0.143640
+0.384943
II
+ 86.2
— 16.1
II
+12.38
— 6.20
II
—29.51
—12.99
-
II
+ 18.36
+20.63
II
+1.23
+ 1.44
//
+2.142
+2.407
II
—0.574
—0.598
Jan. 4
7
.292951
.263561
+0.231951
+0.266803
— 55.0
— 61.6
—12.76
—16.44
- 1.33
+ 2.53
-
+17.29
+17.19
+3.20
+3.28
+2.017
+2.0C5
-1.587
—1.636
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EQUATIONS OF CONDITION. CCXIII
§9. EaUATIONS OF CONDITION.
We have now the means of forming our equations of condition for each series, as proposed in
§ 3 ; and the coefficients of the unknown quantities in each equation of the several sets, heing
computed as there described and arranged in tabular form, are given in the present section ;
the equations being numbered for convenience of reference to the observations from which they
are respectively derived. The values of a and d being always unity, it is of course unnecessary
to include them in the tables, for no confusion or embarrassment can arise on account of their
signs, inasmuch as a is always positive, and d has the same sign as e. The quantity s denotes,
as usual, the sum of all the coef3ficients, and^ the weight, computed as hereafter to be explained.
The unknown quantity v, which is the correction to the adopted value of a revolution of the
micrometer-screw, has only been introduced in the equations derived from observations at
Santiago and the Cape,— these being the only ones, excepting the Washington series, in which
the number of comparisons and fullness of detail render the determination practicable with
sufficient accuracy. At Washington, there were a number of declination-threads upon the
diaphragm carried by the micrometer-screw, so that the interval actually traversed in measuring
a difference of declination was in every case small.
To the groups of equations of condition, as given by the comparison of each observation with
the place of the planet derived from computation, are to be added still other series resulting
from the comparison of the measurements of the respective limbs, and capable of serving to
some extent as aids toward freeing our equations from the influence of the two unknown
quantities which affect the apparent diameters. These unknown quantities, which have been
denoted by the letters t and u, measure, respectively, the error of the normal semidiameter
added to such irradiation as may be inversely proportional to the distance, and that portion
of the irradiation which is peculiar to the observer and the instrument, with which last is
inseparably merged the personal equation of a limb-pointing and any error in the assumed
thickness of the threads.
Each^ measurement of a diameter furnishes an equation containing these two unknown
quantities t and u ; and, in addition to the direct measurements, each of those obser stations,
which consist of comparisons of the limbs of the planet, affords a measurement of the diameter'
We thus obtain a large number of additional equations which may be directly incorporated with
the others. They comprise two classes : the one consisting of direct measurements of diameters,
for which the differential refraction is utterly insensible; and the other, which includes the great
majority of cases, being affected by the motion of the planet during the interval, often very con-
siderable, between the means of these poiu tings for the different limbs, and also by the change
of the refraction during the same interval.
To the regular equations of condition are appended these additional ones, arranged like the
others in tabular form, the two classes being separately given.
To form the equations of condition for these last mentioned cases, let us retain the former
notation,* affixing one or two accents to the symbols, according as they refer to the first or second
observation.
For the first observed limb, we shall then have —
and for the second —
--- To avoid unnecessary complication, the factors 20 and 1000, which are combined with y and z in the numerical solution
are here disregarded. '
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CCxiv EQUATIONS OF CONDITION.
in which equations the signs are respectively correspondent. Thus, if the time t^ belong to a
comparison or mean of comparisons of the north limb, and the upper sign is consequently to
be taken, the upper sign will also hold in the other equation, which will belong to a comparison
of the south limb; and so in the reverse case.
The sum and difference of the foregoing equations give, after halving —
+ z . ^ { {t" - Tf - it'- 2^)' } =F i (^/ + ^) {^P + ^*o) + \ {^m"— M) fi - 4 (¥-1') ^-
Let us now, slightly varying the notation of § 3, denote the middle time i (t'^ + t')^J t, and
the half-interval i (t"—t^) by r,and consider the unaccented symbols as pertaining to the instant t.
We shall then have,* omitting all terms of the third and higher powers —
Am!' = {d' — d) = {d — d)+i {d'' — d') Am' — {&— d) = (d — d) — i (d"— d')
^t"—Tf={t—Tf + 2T{t — T) + T'' (t' - Tf- {f — Ty — 2T {t—T) + z^
The substitution of these expressions in the preceding equations gives us —
1
+ ¥'\ A'^0 - A'/^.-o + 2^ - A'^^- f
-^¥W:^^\p, + {^P + io)\
in both which formulas the upper sign is to be taken if the north limb was first observed, and
the lower sign if the observation of the south limb preceded.
By reason of the smallness of r, all consideration of many of the terms may be dispensed
with. Not only do all the terms of the second order become negligible, but the quantities
^ Dt X j P(i+ {^P + %) \ in the first, and r DJc. U in the second equation are likewise inap-
preciable. And we shall moreover find that y, the daily change of the correction to the tabular
declination, as also z (t—T) which is of about the same order, are so small that their products
withr are never sensible
The only terms of the first order remaining in the first equation and containing r will then
be rD— o=:rD,£^ or the variation of tabular semidiameter during the interval t, Ke-
^A A
curring to the ephemerides, we find the maximum amount of this variation in one day to be
0"M for Mars I. 0'^43 for Venus I.
.05 for 31ars II. .38 for Venus II.
*The term Am. is strictly = J — c?±/„ the quantity /, denoting the distance of the thread used from the standard or
zero thread of the movable diaphragm. But this coefficient is only employed in the present discussion, for instruments
provided with a single movable thread.
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EQUATIONS OF CONDITION. CCXV
All these '' Additional Equations'^ are numbered like the rest, the same number being prefixed
to those equations which are derived from the same observations.
It is thus rendered manifest that the term under consideration could not, even for Venus I,
amount to so much as 0/' 01 for r zz: 33^, an interval many times exceeding the largest value of r!
In the second equation there remain the terms zD.d, and r.DJc,^, — tB^z-^, = zD.p, or
the variation of the parallax during the interval.
Our equations thus assume the form —
^— K — ^^0 — ^+^ + 1 {t—T)+x(t—Tf-\-liAm — B^,
o = ±|K-^^'-^0--Ao\ + ^Apj+g + (^\ + g) + ^(V + g
the upper sign holding when the north limb is first observed.
Let us now develop the term D,^, the first difi'erence of the parallax in declination for an
interval of one day.
We have for the time t,
P — '^o'^'p jsiiKp' cos d — cos ^' sin 3 cos (6 — a) I
and for the time j5 zh 1%
p±i =^^-^-p j sin ^' cos ^ — cos ^' sin (? cos (^ — «) cos 15« i cos ^^ sin ^ sin (/? — «) sin 15« I
The mean of the deduced variations for the hours immediately preceding and following the
middle time t gives us the hourly variation corresponding to that instant,
Jp = ^, sin 15V cos (p^ ^~ sin (d — a,)
The quantity ^^ varies between narrow limits during each series of observations, and p cos cp'
is also not very difl*erent for the several places of observation. Substituting, then, in the expression
for Jp the maximum value of the compound factor p cos cp^ ^^for each series, we readily obtain
closely approximate values for the maximum hourly variations of the parallax in declination.
These are thus seen to be
for 3Iars I., + V'Al sin (6 — a) for Venus I., — 2^^77 sin (d—a)
MarslL, + 1 .14 sin {d — a) Venus II., + 1 .64 sin {6 — a)
This term will conseqiiently be sensible for Venus, and in some cases also for 3Iars, although
this planet was almost uniformly observed within two hours of the meridian, exceptinp; at
Cambridge.
Inasmuch as r seldom exceeds 3°^, and only once or twice amounts to 5^, we shall find it con-
venient to introduce the entire interval tr — t'=2T, and to express it in decades of minutes as
units. Then putting D,p= the variation of the parallax in declination during 10^ we have,
lD,p= + l^, sin 2^5 p cos ^'?^f sin (^ _ «) = ^ !HL^ sin (6 — a)
and shall find for the several observations which have contributed extra-meridional observations
the following values of the constant ^. ^
Place. o iQg^
Santiago + 0^M56 9.1935
Washington .
Cape of Good Hope
Greenwich
Cambridge . .
.146 9.1634
.155 9.1910
.117 9.0669
+ .138 9.1408
and the following maxima of o ?^ for the Santiago series.
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CCXVl
EQUATIONS OF CONDITION
Series.
sin (5
* A •
logi.
K
Mars I.
Mars II.
Venus I.
Venus II.
+ 0".119
+ .096
+ .233
+ .138
9.076
8.981
9.368
9.140
14°. 85 1
18 .17
7 .23
12 .33
The last column, H, shows the hour-angle at which the maximum value of rD^p attains the
limit 0."03.
Denoting similarly by D^^ the variation of the planet's declination m 10"", we may prepare
an ephemeris for ^ D, d, and our formulas assume the shape,
= ±U(^"-o")-2riA^o + 2^<i>'-^sin(^-«)|+g+(ti + g) + ^(V + *'«)
in which the upper sign is to he used when the observation of the north limb precedes.
The first term of the second equation will ordinarily be negative, since t is usually so small
that 2t^DJ, the planet' s motion during the interval, is much less than ^ (d"—d'.) A convenient
form of the equation will therefore be— -
= _ 1 (5" — a') + J =F 27. 1 Z* A ±2T.^I),p + (i, + q)+^k + i)
in which we may avoid all need of attention to the signs of d" - d' and g ; and use, as before, the
upper sign when the north limb has been first observed.
The correction for defective illumination has, for simplicity's sake, not been introduced mto
these formulas. When appreciable, it is to be applied with reversed sign to the value of the
computed apparent semidiameter g, with which our formula assumes it to be merged.
We have now the equations of condition, represented like those of § 3.
= w + a.x + 6.y + c.z +/.V + g.-vr.
= n-{-d.t-{- e. .
n representing in each equation the numerical value (c — o.)
The equations derived from direct measurements of diameters are obtained m the same form,
simply by making t = o; so that for these cases,
= _ 1 (o-'-aO + J+ {i, + q) + ^ (^? + O
= w + c?.t+ e-u-
The " Additional Equations" of condition, derived from the differences of limb-measurements,
are given for each series and each observatory, and immediately follow the regular equations,
from which the quantities depending upon the apparent diameter have been entirely or chiefly
eliminated. They are arranged in the form of tables, which likewise contain the principal
auxiliary quantities employed in the formation of the coefiicients. It will be borne m mind
that the declinations d' and 8" are supposed to be already corrected for refraction and the_ tabular
apparent semidiameter to be corrected for defect of illumination The quantity D,p is taken
into account in the computation of n. Those equations deduced from direct measurement of
diameter are given by themselves.
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EQUATIONS OF CONDITION.
CCX\11
FORMATION OP EQUATIONS OF CONDITION.
MARS I.
Equatorial y Santiago.
(both limbs observed throughout.)
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
2?
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
Date.
1849— Dec. 10
11
13
14
15
16
17
18
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
30
31
1850 Jan. 1
2
4
6
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
24
25
leg. b.
27
29
31
nO. 01040
n9. 99061
n9. 98979
n9. 98880
719.96821
n9. 96743
n9. 94223
w9. 91716
n9. 89165
n9. 88961
n9. 86300
n9. 83077
n9. 79827
n9. 72818
n9. 71950
n9. 68050
n9.63117
n9. 57850
n9. 51643
n9. 44491
n9. 35892
n9. 25048
n8. 47647
8.a0974
8.84594
9.08016
9.34325
9.50279
9.50739
9.56803
9.67169
9.71622
9.75564
9.79190
9.83532
9.85695
9.88752
9. 9 J 332
9.93903
9.96334
9.98586
0.00763
0.02871
0.04863
0.06730
0.06821
0.08590
0.10320
0.12002
0.13591
0.15173
0.16657
0.19522
log. C.
9.62286
9.58328
9.58164
9.57966
9.53848
9.53692
9,48652
9.43638
9.38536
9.38128
9.32806
9.26360
9.19860
9.04842
9.04106
8.96306
8.86440
8.75906
8.63492
8.49188
8.31990
8.10302
6.55500
6.23154
7.29393
7.76238
8.60764
8.61684
8.73812
8.84842
8.94544
9.03450
9,11334
9.18586
9.25270
9.31596
9.37406
9.37710
9.42870
9.48012
9.52874
9.56358
9.61732
9.65948
9.69932
9.73666
9.73848
9.77386
9.80846
9.84210
9.87388
9.90552
9.93520
9.99250
log./.
n9. 17493
wO. 23586
nO. 22212
wO. 20707
w9. 74147
719.66160
9.80106
710.26951
710.00932
7x9.97^2
719.34321
9.72321
0.05030
719.88053
719.84942
719.63488
7i9. 21511
7.69897
8.92117
8.96848
8.37840
719.04454
0.12902
9.99432
9.73448
8.89818
719.65292
nO. 20082
710.21021
7x0,34467
710.46367
710.54067
0.34796
0.20132
9.97442
9.48657
719.51786
719.97918
7»9. 98704
7i0. 19153
710.33199
710.43433
0.49203
0.40971
0.31377
0.19634
0.05119
0.04793
9.84553
9,49748
718,73878
719.59184
719.85522
719.99577
7i0. 17131
log.^.
0.17090
0.15382
0.16560
0.17118
0.14247
0.16031
0.17121
0.16971
0.15125
0.17062
0.14996
0.16675
0.16080
0.15954
0.15726
0.15596
0.16206
0.15683
0.15767
0.15573
0.15414
0.15256
0.14174
0.14079
0,13759
0.13548
0.12943
0.11684
0.11954
0.11892
0.11532
0.11158
0.10706
0.10399
0.09998
0.09586
0.09161
0.08757
0.07389
0.08333
0.07899
0.07459
0.07081
0.06653
0.06198
0.05621
0.05360
0.04200
0.04705
0.04368
0.03870
0.03591
0.02952
0.02662
0.01698
log. S,
Z40
0.23754
9.03423
9.30384
9.44342
0.09791
0.14070
0.40601
8.81224
9.93379
0.00260
0.22409
0.39846
0.49144
0.10295
0.11893
0.20774
0.28639
0.32601
0.34938
0.3B730
0.35072
0.33139
0.56846
0.53027
0.47531
0.41015
0.32986
0.03326
0.02420
9.72280
718.67943
719.79386
0.71065
0.65866
0.59927
0.53165
0.4S204
0.35715
0.34733
0.24172
0.08736
9.86082
0.82060
0.79001
0.75875
0.72662
0.69631
0.69340
0.66538
0.63667
0.60766
0.58103
0.55345
0.53171
0.49231
log. n.
0.5051
0.7634
0.7993
0.6532
0.6628
0.2304
0.6021
0.5563
0.5441
0.3802
0.4771
0.5185
0.5683
0.623S
0.3802
0.6902
0.5798
0.5911
0.5315
0.4914
0.4314
0.3617
9.6990
710.2041
9.9031
9.0000
0.0000
0.0792
9.9543
0,1461
0.0414
0.0000
710.0414
7x0.1139
7x9.8451
7x9.4771
7x9.^71
0.0000
7x0.2553
7x9.6990
9.4771
7x0.7404
7x0.5911
7x0.6232
7x0.4914
7x0.4150
7x0.6435
7x0.5051
7x0.5563
7x0.5315
7x0.5185
7x0.3802
7x0.5315
7x0.4914
F.
8,
2.197
2.031
2.144
2.200
1.927
2.092
2.200
2.185
2.007
2.194
1.995
2.155
2.097
2.085
2.063
2.051
2.109
2.059
2.066
2.049
2.034
2.019
1.921
1.912
1.884
1.866
1.815
1.713
1.734
1.729
1.701
1.672
1.637
1.607
1.585
* 1.555
1.525
1.497
1.405
1.468
1.439
1.410
1.386
1.358
1.330
1.295
1.280
1.213
1.242
1.223
1.195
1.180
1.146
1.130
1.081
+ 1.7280
0.1082
0.2013
0.2776
1.2529
1.3826
2.5469
0.0649
0.8586
1.0060
1.6763
2.5030
3.1006
1.2675
1.3150
1.6134
1.9337
2.1184
2.2355
2.2767
2.2424
2.1448
3.7022
3.3905
2.9875
2.5713
2.1373
1.0796
1.0573
+ 0.5282
— 0.0478
— 0.6221
+ 5.1363
4.5568
3.9744
3.4013
2.8317
2.2759
2.2250
1.7447
1.2228
0.7258
6.6160
6.1662
5.7378
5.3287
4.9694
4.9362
4.6279
4.3318
4.0519
3.8109
3.5764
3.4018
+ 3.10e8
p.
4.53
3.89
4.58
3.76
3.89
3.62
5.07
4.94
4.52
4.96
S.44
5.25
4.10
4.33
3.63
3.22
4.85
6.02
5.20
5.25
5.39
5.18
f.Ol
5.11
5.23
5.11
5.29
4.14
2.89
4.92
4.68
4.68
4.60
4.60
4.69
4.60
4.85
4.75
1.70
4.91
5.02
4.85
1.70
4.13
4.57
4.82
4.13
3.21
4.75
4.75
4.57 i
4.66
4.79
4.75
4.90
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CCXVIU
EQUATIONS OP CONDITION.
FORMxiTION OP ADDITIONAL EQUATIONS OP CONDITION.
MARS I.
Equatorial^ Santiago,
N°.
Date.
Wash. M.T.
Obs'd.r.
2r.
ID.K
TrA^o
^0
n.
log. e.
log. S.
log. 71.
p.
1
1849.— Dec. 10
.5155
II
9,19
0.329
II
4-0.443
//
4-0.15
II
8.03
II
-1.01
0.23602
0.43488
710.0043
3.77
2
11
.4277
11.14
0.020
0.426
0.01
8.03
3.10
0.23609
0.43493
n0.4914
1.95
3
.4646
10.49
0.296
0.425
0.13
8.03
2.59
0.23609
0.43493
710.4133
3.86
4
.5093
10.24
0.004
0.424
0.00
8.03
2.21
0.23609
0.43493
710.3444
2.83
5
12
.4118
11.04
0.014
0.395
0.01
8.03
3.00
0.23604
Q. 43490
710.4771
1.95
6
.4452
10.04
0.388
0.394
0.13
8.03
2.12
0.23604
0.43490
7i0.3263
2.67
7
13
.4914
10.31
0.025
0.360
0.01
8.03
2.27
0.23581
0.43475
710.3560
4.60
8
14
.4731
10.08
0.011
0.328
0.00
8.02
2.06
0.23543
0.43451
7x0.3139
4.37
9
15
.4159
10.45
0.038
0.297
0.01
8.01
2.45
0.23491
0.43417
710.3892
3.77
10
.4890
10.30
0.259
0.295
0.08
8.01
2.37
0.23486
0.43414
7t0.3747
4.42
11
16
.4107
9.70
0.107
0.264
0.03
8.00
1.67
0.23423
0.43374
710.2227
5.24
12
17
.4542
9.10
0.355
0.230
0.08
7.98
1.04
0.23333
0.43318
710.0170
4.91
13
18
.4312
9.52
1.003
0.198
4-0.20
7.96
1.33
0.23234
0.43256
710.1239
4.28
14
20
.4267
9.32
1.168
0.133
—0.16
7.92
1.60
0.22986
0.43099
710.2041
3.50
15
.5161
8.72
2.914
0.131
0.38
7.91
1.09
0.22973
0. 43091
710.0374
2.67
16
21
.4165
10.52
1.148
0.103
0.12
7.89
2.79
0.22840
0.43007
7x0.4456
2.25
17
22
.4455
10.04
0.790
0.072
0.06
7.86
2.24
0.22673
0.42903
710.3502
4.24
18
23
.4225
9.73
0.530
0.044
0.02
7.83
1.92
0.22500
0.42794
7x0.2833
4.50
19
24
.4316
10.02
0.531
4-0.015
—0.01
7.79
2,44
0.22307
0.42673
7x0.3874
4.80
20
25
.4289
9.63
0.239
—0.011
4-0.00
7.76
1.87
0.22102
0.42545
7x0.2718
4.88
21
26
.4297
9.99
0.322
0.036
0.01
7.72
2.26
0.21883
0.42409
7x0.3541
5.14
22
27
.4395
9.96
0.350
0.060
0.02
7.68
2.26
0.21649
0.42262
7x0.3541
4.77
33
30
.4008
9.86
0.275
0.121
0.03
7.55
2.28
0.20887
0.41790
7x0.3579
4.53
24
31
.4081
9.55
0.405
0.139
0.06
7.50
1.99
0.20602
0.41614
7x0.2989
4.70
25
1850. -Jan. 1
.4027
10.02
0.019
0.155
0.03
7.44
2.55
0.20312
0.41436
7x0.4065
4.91
26
2
.4054
9.90
0.604
0.169
0.10
7.39
2.41
0.20008
0.41249
7x0.3820
4.70
27
4
.4084
9.73
0.338
0.192
0.07
7.29
2.37
0.19370
0.40859
7x0.3747
5.00
28
6
.3654
9.82
0.714
0.209
0.15
7.18
2.51
0.18708
0.40457
7x0.3997
3.27
29
.4331
9.65
1.039
0.209
0.22
7.17
2.23
0.18685
0.40443
7x0.3483
1.95
30
7
.3970
9.82
0.019
0.215
0.00
7.12
2.70
0.18347
0.40238
7x0.4314
4.37
31
8
.3985
10.09
0.731
0.220
0.16
7.06
2.82
0.17986
0.40021
7x0.4502
4.00
32
9
.3913
9.75
0.883
0.223
0.20
7.00
2.55
0.17623
0.39803
7x0.4065
4.00
33
10
.4053
9.79
1.045
0.224
0.23
6.94
2.62
0.17241
0.39574
7x0.4183
3.86
34
11
.3939
9.38
0.935
0.224
0.21
6.88
2.29
0.16864
0.39343
7x0.3598
3.86
35
12
.3859
9.30
0.952
0.223
0.21
6.82
2.27
0.16479
0.39121
7x0.3560
4.00
36
13
.3768
10.25
0.853
221
0.19
6.76
3.30
0.16089
0.38889
7x0.5185
3.86
37
14
.3872
9.25
0.734
0.217
0.16
6.69
2.40
0.15686
0.38651
n0.3802
4.24
38
15
.3825
9.44
0.672
0.212
4-0.14
6.63
2.67
0.15283
0.38413
7x0.4265
4.13
39
.4364
7.80
0.797
0.212
—0.17
6.62
1.35
0.15261
0.38400
7x0.1303
1.00
40
16
.3817
9.29
0.088
0.207
4-0.02
6.57
2.70
0.14873
0.38173
7x0.4314
4.33
41
17
.3803
9.48
0.656
0.201
0.13
6.51
2.84
0.14460
0.37932
710.4533
4.50
42
18
.3801
9.76
0.465
0.194
0.09
6.45
3.22
0.14042
0.37689
7x0.5079
4.24
43
19
.3591
9.36
2.364
0.186
0.44
6.38
2.54
0.13631
0.37451
7x0.4048
1.00
44
20
.3547
8.27
0.614
0.178
0.11
6.32
1.84
0.13208
0.37208
7x0.3096
3.27
45
21
.3672
8.85
0.795
0.170
0.13
6.26
2.46
0.12776
0.36959
7x0.3909
3.86
46
22
.3694
8.26
0.664
0.160
0.11
6.20
1.95
0.12345
0.36713
7x0.2900
4.24
47
23
.3519
8.33
0.800
0.151
0.12
6.14
2.07
0.11921
0.36471
7x0.3160
3.27
48
.4074
7.93
0.144
0.150
0.02
6.14
1.77
0.11897
0.36457
7x0.2480
2.25
49
24
.3738
8.23
0.793
0.142
0.11
6.08
2.04
0.11478
0.36220
7x0.3096
4.13
50
25
.3646
7.74
0.676
0.132
0.09
6.02
1.63
0.11047
0.35977
7x0.2122
4.13
51
26
.3658
8.92
1.518
0.123
0.19
5.96
2.76
0.10610
0.35732
7x0.4393
3.86
52
27
.3485
7.45
1.015
0.114
4-0.12
5.90
1.43
0.10179
0.35490
7x0.1553
3.99
53
28
.3628
8.02
0.008
0.104
-0.00
5.84
2.18
0.09734
0.35242
7x0.3385
4.18
54
29
.3492
7.55
0.629
0.095
4-0.06
5.78
1.71
0.09302
0.35002
7x0.2330
4.13
55
31
.3512
7.85
0.516
—0.077
4-0.04
5.66
—2.05
0.08423
0.34519
7x0.3118
4.33
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EQUATIONS OF CONDITION.
FORMATION OF EQUATIONS OF CONDITION.
MARS I,
Equatorial^ Washington,
(BOTH LIMBS OBSERVED THROUGHOUT.)
CCXIX
N°.
Date.
log. 6.
log. C.
log. g.
log. S,
log. n.
F.
s.
p.
1
1849.— Nov. 2
710.46535
0.53276
n9, 56709
0.05022
0.8129
0.1362
+ 1.1226
2.57
2
4
wO. 45060
0.50326
n9. 63127
9.97128
0.6435
0.1830
0.9360
3.43
3
nO. 45023
0.50252
«9. 56947
9.99550
0.6435
0. 1377
0.9897
3.73
4
6
nO. 43496
0.47198
n9. 63292
9.90993
0.5798
0.1844
0.8127
3.84
5
12
nO. 38426
0.37058
n9. 62111
9.70492
0.8062
0.1747
0.5069
3.87
6
^
nO. 38372
0.36950
n9. 56528
9.74453
0.8062
0.1351
0.5553
3.27
7
13
nO. 37551
0.35308
n9. 66434
9.62201
0.8976
0.2131
0.4188
3.79
8
24
wO, 26117
0.12440
?z9. 64391
8.82317
0.7634
0.1940
0.0666
3.60
9
26
nO. 23667
0.07540
n9. 63064
8.57864
0.6812
0.1825
0.0379
4.83
10
wO. 23555
0.07316
n9. 58044
8.91803
0.5315
0.1448
+ 0.0828
4.34
11
Dec. 6
nO. 08828
9.77862
n9. 60374
718.42160
0.9445
0.1612
— 0.0264
4.57
12
nO. 08803
9.77812
n9. 58829
718.08636
0.7853
0.1502
0.0122
4.49
13
11
n9. 99044
9,58294
719.65828
718.70501
0.3617
0.2073
— 0.0507
4.03
14
12
w9. 96704
9.53614
n9.60719
8.07918
0.8513
0.1638
+ 0.0120
4.39
15
17
n9. 83106
9.26418
n9. 59666
9.04493
0.5315
0.1561
0.1109
5.15
16
27
n9. 25556
8.11.318
n9. 59061
9.64670
0.5051
0.1518
0.4433
5.22
17
31
8.29509
6.19224
719.56366
9.81544
0.3617
0.1341
0,6538
4.82
18
1850.— Jan. 5
9.43002
8.46210
n9, 54320
9.97722
9,7782
0.1220
0.9469
4.83
19
9
9.67030
8.94266
719.54162
0.08196
710.4914
0.1211
1.2077
4,32
20
12
9.79036
9.18278
719.54531
0.15183
9.4771
0.1232
1.4185
4.30
21
14
9.85644
9.31494
719.49884
0.20672
n9.6021
0.0995
1.6096
2.64
22
22
0.04802
9.69810
n9. 47696
0.36474
710.1139
0.0900
2.3160
4.71
23
29
0.16545
9.93296
n9. 50285
0.47749
710.1461
0.1013
+ 3.0025
3.21
FORMATION OF ADDITIONAL EQUATIONS OF CONDITION.
MARS I.
Equatorial, Washington,
N°.
Date.
Wash. M.T.
Obs'd r.
2r.
IDA-
^rDA-
^\
n.
log. e.
log. S.
log. n.
i).
1
1849.— Nov. 2
.8189
It
10.43
1.976
-f 0.510
It
— 0.99
II
6.60
II
—4.84
0.15127
0.38322
nO.6849
2.25
2
4
.7681
11.45
0.240
0.536
+ 0.13
6.71
4.56
0.15778
0.38705
710.6590
3.00
3,4
.8159
9.26
0.002
0.536
— 0.00
6.71
2.57
0. 15794
0,38714
n0.4099
3,50
5
12
.7639
13.90
0.002
0.642
0.00
7.11
6.83
0.18349
0.40269
710.8344
4.75
6
.8248
12.65
0.002
0.643
0.00
7.11
5.55
0.18367
0.40250
710.7443
3.27
7
13
.7307
10.83
0,002
0.654
— 0.00
7.16
3.73
0.18643
0.40417
710.5717
4.50
8
24
.7214
10.02
0.504
0.716
+ 0.36
7.66
1.95
0.21352
0.42078
n0.2900
3.00
9
26
.7236
11.01
0.002
0.708
— 0.00
7.74
3.31
0.22001
0.42482
7^0.5198
5.12
10
.8120
11.23
0.002
0.708
— 0.00
7.74
3.50
0.22018
0.42492
710.5441
4.13
11,12
Dec. 6
.4918
11.17
0.989
0.566
-f- 0.56
7.99
2.60
0.23418
0.43371
710.4150
3.77
13
11
.4356
11.96
0.080
0.425
0.04
8.03
3.83
0.2.3611
0,43494
710.5832
3.13
14
12
.4619
11.55
0.571
0.395
+ 0.23
8.03
3.25
0.23604
0.43490
710.5119
3.59
15
17
.4452
9.80
1.311
■f 0,230
— 0.30
7.98
2.16
0.23334
0.43318
nO.3345
4.71
16
27
.3976
9.20
0.032
— 0.059
+ 0.00
7.68
1.56
0.21659
0.42569
710.1931
4.85
17
31
.3952
12.18
0.297
0.139
— 0.04
7.50
4.69
0.20608
0.41618
»i0.6712
4.24
18
1850.— Jan. 5
.3833
10.11
2.317
0.201
0.47
7.23
3.31
0.19044
0.40661
710.5198
4.24
19
9
.3612
7.73
0.661
0.223
0.15
7.00
0.85
0. 17632
0.39808
719.9294
3.50
20
12
.3419
8.45
0.159
0.223
0.04
6.82
1.63
0.16497
0.39130
710.2122
3,42
21
14
.3703
9.59
0.783
0.217
0.17
6.69
3.05
0.15693
0.38655
710.4843
].71
22
22
.3385
7.46
0.527
0.161
0.08
6.20
1.32
0.12358
0.36720
n0.1206
4.06
23
29
.2753
8.54
0.600
— 0.096
- 0.06
5.78
—2,78
0.09335
0.35021
710.4440
2.25
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ccxx
EQUATIONS OF CONDITION.
FOEMATION OP EQUATIONS OP CONDITION.
MARS I.
Equatorial^ Cape of Good Hope.
(both limbs observed throughout.)
N°.
Date.
log. &.
log. C.
log./
log.^.
log. 5.
log. n.
F.
S.
p.
1
1849.— Nov.21
710.29768
0.19742
0.78061
0.13902
0.90320
0.5051
1.8969
4-8.0021
2.58
2
nO. 29768
0.19742
9.72933
0.13902
0.39868
0.6990
1.8969
2.5043
2.66
3
22
wO. 28597
0.17400
0,43476
0.13916
0.66838
0.6232
1,^981
4.6599
2.66
4
24
wO. 26328
0.12862
0.50742
0.14864
0.71064
0.6902
1.9828
5.1361
2.56
5
25
nO. 25142
0.10490
719.86314
0.15139
0.07060
0.6990
2.0081
+ 1.1765
3.11
6
nO. 25142
0.10490
710.36882
0.15139
719.63518
0.6902
2.0081
— 0.4317
2.94
7
26
nO. 23881
0.07968
0.13975
0.15143
0.51391
0.5563
2.0085
+ 3.2652
3.11
8
27
nO. 22657
0.05520
710.44438
0.15572
719.95434
0.7559
2.0485
— 0.9002
3.83
9
28
n0.21355
0.02916
719.88497
0.15779
0.04340
0.7076
2.0681
+ 1,1051
3.69
10
29
710.19959
0.00124
0.11535
0.15501
0.49866
0.5798
2.0418
3.1525
2.94
11
30
nO. 18655
9.97516
0.49782
0.15858
0.69853
0.5441
2.0757
4.9949
2.44
12
. Dec. 1
wO. 17187
9.94580
0.41987
0.16361
0.65169
0.6812
2.1243
4.4842
2.58
13
'' 2
nO. 15618
9.91442
0.66500
0.15552
0.80907
0.5682
2.0466
+ 6.4427
2.42
14
3
nO. 14168
9.88542
710.48352
0.16680
710.07696
0.7924
2.1557
— 1.1939
3.20
15
4
nO. 12579
9.85364
710.09861
0.16813
9.77517
0.7076
2.1690
+ 0.5959
3.60
16
5
nO. 10938
9.82082
9.65753
0.16912
0.36288
0.7324
2.1789
2.3061
3.89
17
6
nO. 09200
9.78606
0.32990
0.17038
0.60130
0.7404
2.1916
3.9930
4.65
18
7
nO. 07438
9.75082
0.57108
0.17105
0.74694
0.5798
2.1983
5.5839
4.65
19
8
nO. 05541
9.71288
0.72084
0.17177
0.85269
0.6990
2.2056
7.1235
4.65
20
9
nO. 03576
9.67358
0.82755
0.17147
0.93412
0.6335
2.2026
8.5927
2.00
21
nO. 03580
9.67366
1.02548
0.17175
1.09604
0.6435
2.2054
+ 12.4750
2.62
22
10
nO. 01436
9.63078
7x0.63601
0.15696
710.39724
0.5563
2.0602
-2.4960
2.94
23
11
n9. 99392
9.58990
710.49322
0.17184
710.08814
6435
2.2064
— 1.2250
1.77
24
14
n9. 92305
9.44816
9.25115
0.17323
0.32457
0.4624
2.2206
+ 2.1114
3.13
25
15
n9. 89678
9.39562
0.03318
0.17241
0.48100
0.4624
2.2122
3.0269
3.13
26
16
n9. 86848
9.33902
0.28292
0.17175
0.58917
0.0414
2.2054
3.8830
3.13
27
n9. 86751
9.33708
0.28565
0.17062
0.59015
0.3979
2.1940
3.8918
3.60
28
17
n9. 83688
9.27582
0.42431
0.16841
0.66577
0.4824
2.1718
4.6320
3.60
29
18
719.80447
9.21100
0.51655
0.16903
0.72313
0.4150
2.1780
5.2860
3.60
30
20
719.73124
9.06454
710.02824
0.16817
9.99260
0.6021
2.1694
0.9831
3.54
31
21
719.68765
8.97736
719.85034
0.16112
0.12985
0.5798
2.1001
1.3485
3.54
32
22
n9. 64141
8.88488
719.64513
0.16258
0.21780
0.5185
2.1143
1.6512
3.54
33
23
719.59G66
8.78338
719.41095
0.16366
0.27212
0.4314
2.1248
1.8712
3.68
34
24
719.52841
8.65888
719.20412
0.15464
0.29572
0.4624
2.0384
1.9757
3.15
35
25
719.46338
6.52882
719.15045
0.15897
0.31042
0.5051
2.0794
2.0437
3.82
36
719.46181
8.525C8
719.16584
0.15969
0.31004
0.5682
2.0863
2.0419
3.82
37
26
719.38297
8.36800
719.29358
0.15452
0.30374
0.5441
2.0372
2.0125
3.82
38
n9. 38003
8.36212
8.73159
0.15760
0.35683
0.3617
2.0663
2.2742
3.93
39
29
718.95689
7.51584
719.88372
0.15033
0.19346
0.5051
1.9983
1.5612
2.81
40
1850.— Jan. 7
9.55489
8.71184
0.79161
0.12026
0.95028
0.1461
1.7399
8.9183
2.59
41
8
9.61193
8.82592
0.74582
0.11451
0.92155
9.7782
1.6945
8.3474
2.59
42
9
9.66035
8.92276
0.69383
0.11467
0.89124
0.3222
1.6957
7.7846
3.55
43
10
9.70544
9.01294
0.63510
0.11079
0.85838
—
1.6657
7.2173
3.55
44
11
9.74662
9.09530
0.56367
0.10576
0.82085
9.3010
1.6275
6.6198
2.59
45
12
9.78403
9.17012
0.47820
0.10071
0.77993
9.6021
1.5901
6.0246
2.59
46
14
9.81789
9.23784
0.24239
0.09.388
0.68297
719.0000
1.5408
4.8191
3.16
47
15
9.84913
9.30032
0.05258
0.09095
0.63020
9.6990
1.5202
4.2678
3.16
48
16
9.90715
9.41636
9.71299
0.08528
0.57997
719.6021
1,4810
3.8016
3.16
49
17
9.93267
9.46740
718.76641
0.08254
0.51861
710.0414
1.4624
+ 3.3007
2.14
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EQUATIONS OF CONDITION.
CCXXl
FORMATION OP ADDITIONAL EQUATIONS OP CONDITION.
MA»S I.
Equatorial^ Gape of Good Hope.
N°.
Date.
Wash. M.T.
Obs'd r.
2r
T^A«„
^'o
n
log. e.
log. S,
log. n.
p.
1,2
1849.'-Nov. 21
.3070
It
9.49
2.74
+ 1.96
ii
7.53
n
+ 0.02
0.20817
0.41747
8.3010
1.71
3
22
.3634
6.38
1.76
— 1.26
7.57
— 0.05
0.21078
0.41908
n8.6990
1,71
4
24
.3296
10.08
2.06
+ 1.47
7.66
— 0.94
0.21536
0.42192
n9.9731
1.71
5,6
25
* .3174
6.49
1,53
— 1.09
7.69
+ 0.11
0.21753
0.42327
9.0414
2.25
7
26
.3390
7.14
1.31
0.93
7.73
— 0.30
0.21966
0.42460
w9,4771
2.25
8
27
.3021
8.04
0.67
0.47
1,11
0.75
0.22157
0.42579
n9.8751
3.50
9
28
.2979
7.52
0.68
0.47
7.80
0.20
0.22343
0.42696
n9.3010
3.27
10
29
.3321
7.30
0.85
0.58
7.83
0.03
0.22526
0.42810
W8.4771
2.25
11
30
.2789
7.58
1.00
— 0.67
7.86
0.37
0.22676
0.42905
n9.5682
1.71
12
Dec. 1
.2902
8.28
0.04
+ 0.03
7.89
— 0.36
• 0.22836
0.43005
n9.5563
1.95
13
2
.3444
6.43
1.70
— 1.10
7.92
-f 0.39
0.22984
0.43098
9.5911
1.71
14
3
.2852
7.31
0.88
0.55
7.94
0.08
0.23103
0.43173
8.9031
2.25
15
4
.2812
7.08
0,71
0.43
7.96
0.45
0.23215
0.43243
9.6532
2.67
16
5
.2718
7.54
0.55
0.32
7.98
0.11
0.23316
0.43307
9.0414
3.00
17
6
.2813
6.03
0.17
0.10
7.99
+ 1.86
0.23402
0.43361
0.2695
4,00
18
7
.2637
8.36
0.27
0.15
8.00
— 0.52
0.23472
0.43406
719.7160
4.00
19
8
.2784
7.49
0.30
0.15
8.01
-f 0.38
0.23530
0.43442
9.5798
4.00
20,21
9
.2824
6.57
1.64
0.80
8.02
0.66
0.23573
0.43470
9.8195
1.48
22
10
.3274
7.16
1.68
0.77
8.03
+ 0.08
0.23600
0.43487
8.9031
2.67
23
11
.2780
7.79
1.17
0.,50
8.03
— 0.44
0.23611
0.43494
n9.6434
1.26
24
14
.2474
7.68
0.86
0.29
8.02
-f 0.05
0.23552
0.43456
8.6990
3.00
25
15
.2306
7.38
0.54
0.16
8,01
+ 0.46
0.23502
0.43424
9,6628
3.00
26
16
.2255
9.09
0.43
0.12
8.00
— 1.22
23436
0.43383
n0.0864
3.00
27
.2586
8.43
0.00
8.00
— 0.41
0.23434
0.43382
n9.6128
4,00
28
17
.2626
7.35
0.24
0.06
7.98
-f. 0.59
0.23351
0.43329
9.7709
4.00
29
18
.2503
6.83
0.37
0.07
7.96
+ 1.08
0.23253
0.43267
0.0334
4.00
30
20
.2288
7.99
0.87
0.12
7.92
— 0.19
0,23013
0.43116
n9.2787
2.67
31
21
.2573
7.81
0.66
0.07
7.89
+ 0.04
0.22864
0.43022
8,6021
2.67
32
22
.2413
7.62
0.50
0.04
7.86
0.22
0.22707
0.42924
9.3424
2.67
33
23
.2072
6.80
0.35
— 0.02
7.83
1.01
0.22539
0.42819
0.0043
1.00
35,36
25
.1975
7.42
0.26
+ 0.00
7.76
0.34
0.22151
0.42576
9.5315
3.00
37,38
26
.1857
7.44
0.37
0.02
7.73
0.30
0.21938
0.42443
9.4771
3.00
39
29
.1890
7.51
0.04
0.00
7.61
0.10
0.21211
0.41991
9.0000
1.95
40
1850.— Jan. 7
.1766
7.20
2.14
0.46
7.13
+ 0.40
0.18424
0.40285
9.6021
1.71
41
8
.1838
7.59
1.82
0.40
7.07
— 0.10
0,18064
0.40068
n9.0000
1.71
44
11
.1598
6.25
1.76
0.39
6.89
+ 1.04
0.16954
0.39402
0.0170
1.71
45
12
.1636
5.75
1.61
0.36
6.83
1.46
0.16566
0.39171
0.1644
1.71
46
14
.1498
6.27
1.42
0.31
6.71
0.76
0.15781
0.38706
9.8808
2.25
47
15
.1305
5.55
1.41
0.30
6.64
1.39
0.15385 .
0.38473
0.1430
2.25
48
16
.1504
6.33
0.36
0.07
6.58
0.33
0.14968
0.38228
9.5185
2.25
49
17
.1277
6.62
1.32
+ 0.27
6,52
-f 0.17
6.14565
0.37993
9.2305
2.25
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CCXXll
EQUATIONS OF CONDITION.
FORMATION OF EQUATIONS OF CONDITION,
MARS I.
Meridian, Cape of Good Hope,
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
1849. -Nov. 18
19
21
22
25
27
30
Dec. 1
2
3
4
10
11
12
14
15
16
17
18
20
21
22
23
24
26
27
29
81
1850.— Jan. 3
4
7
8
9
10
11
12
14
15
16
17
N. S.
N. S.
N. S.
N. S.
N. S.
N. S.
N. S.
N. S.
■ N. S.
N. S.
N. S.
N. S.
N. S.
N. S.
N. S.
N. S.
N. S.
N. S.
N. S.
N. S.
N. S.
N. S.
N. S.
N. S.
N. S.
N. S.
N. S.
N. S.
N. S.
N. S.
N. S.
N. S.
N, S.
N. S.
N. S.
N. S.
N. S.
C.
c.
c.
0.
c.
c.
c.
0.
c.
log. 6.
wO. 32899
nO. 31872
nO, 29743
710,28638
wO. 25143
nO. 22647
n0.2L344
wO. 19999
nO. 18611
nO. 17179
nO. 15697
nO. 14164
nO. 12574
nO. 09208
nO. 07422
nO. 05559
nO. 03613
710.01576
729.99438
719.97189
719.92310
719.89650
719.86813
719.83780
719.80517
719.73153
719.68940
719.64276
7i9. 59050
719.53108
n9. 38034
719.27935
718.95874
7.95228
9.19990
9.31864
0.55359
9.61023
9.66032
9.70523
9.74593
9.78314
9.84918
9.87878
9.90650
9.93256
log. C.
0.26004
0,23950
0.19692
0.17480
0.10492
0.05500
0.02894
0.00204
9.97428
9.94564
9.91600
9.88534
9.85354
9.78622
9.75050
9.71324
9.67432
9.63358
9.59082
9.54584
9.39506
9.33833
9.27766
9.21240
9.06512
8.98086
8.88758
8.78306
8.66422
8.36274
8.16076
7.51954
5.50662
8.00181
8.23934
8.70924
8.82250
8.92270
9.01252
9.09392
9.16834
9.30042
9.35964
9.41506
9.46718
log. g.
0.13244
0.13538
0.14107
0.14378
0.15143
0.15575
0.15807
0.16008
0.16196
0.16372
0.16535
0.16683
0.16818
0.17046
0.17136
0.17212
0.17271
0.17315
0.17342
0.17352
0.17325
0.17283
0.17228
0.17154
0.17063
0.16834
0.16695
0.16537
0.16368
0.16182
0.15766
0.15536
0.15036
0.14484
0,13569
0.13242
n. 12205
0.11840
0,11468
0.11089
0.10702
0.10310
0.09506
0.09097
0,08682
0.08263
log. S,
0.31035
0,30501
0.29535
0.29104
0.28021
0.27460
0.27258
0.27080
0.26940
0.26834
0.26766
0.26736
0.26736
26853
0.26961
0.27103
0.27277
0.27485
0.27724
0.27996
0.28628
0.28988
0.29374
0,29787
0.30231
0.31192
0.31710
0.32249
0.32816
0.33405
0.34649
0.35301
0.36663
0.38108
0.40403
0.41199
0.43672
0.44521
0.45382
0.46256
0.47138
48032
0.49845
0.50764
0.51689
0.52621
log.7^.
0.60531
0.55509
0.65610
9.44716
0.95809
0.61805
0.63448
0.56585
0.82086
0.79727
0.58092
0.68931
0.45332
0.67486
0.53020
0,57519
0,40140
0.75358
0.71600
0.73239
0.52114
9.97.313
0.36361
710.33041
0.29003
0.40483
0.30750
0.32428
0.46687
0.62839
0.52504
0.32428
0.34242
0.35411
719.98677
710.18752
0,36173
0.05308
710.48144
710.38917
719.88649
710.27875
710.34242
710.36549
nO. 30963
710.24304
h^.
1.84
1.87
1.92
1.94
2.01
2.05
2.07
2.09
2.11
2.13
2.14
2.16
2.17
2,19
2.20
2.21
2.22
2.22
2.22
2.22
2.22
2.22
2.21
2,20
2,19
2.17
2.16
2.14
2.13
2.11
2.07
2.05
2.00
1.95
1.87
1.84
1.75
1.73
1.70
1.67
1.64
1.61
1.55
1.52
1,49
1.46
-j- 2.0434
2.0184
1,9740
1.9545
1.9064
1.8819
1.8732
1.8655
1.8595
1.8550
1.8521
1.8508
1.8508
1.8558
1.8604
1.8665
1.8740
1.8830
1.8934
1.9053
1.9332
1.9493
1.9667
1.9856
2.0059
2.0508
2.0754
2.1013
2.1289
2.1580
2.2207
2,2543
2.3261
2.4048
2.5353
2.5822
2.7335
2,7875
2,8433
2.9011
2.9606
3.0222
3.1510
3.2184
3.2877
4- 3.3590
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EQUATIONS OF CONDITION.
CCXXlll
FOEMATION OF EQUATIONS OP CONDITION.
MARS I.
Equatorial^ Greenwich,
(OBSERVED CENTRE.)
N°.
Date.
log. 6.
log. C.
log. g.
log. S,
log. n.
F.
s.
p.
1
1849.--NOV. 26
nO. 24150
0.08506
nO. 05695
719.82445
0.0414
1.300
— 0.6675
2.49
2
30
nO. 18550
9.97306
n9. 86027
719.50215
0.526
0.3178
3
Dec. 8
710.05720
9.71646
n9. 94918
719.70731
0.792
0.5097
4
15
n9. 89563
9.39332
n9. 86045
719.42193
0.3802
0.526
0.2642
3.62
5
27
n9. 29508
8.19222
w9. 99382
719.22427
9.9031
0.972
— 0.1676
4.15
6
1850— Jan. 4
9.31989
8.24184
n9. 82577
9.74578
nO.2553
0.448
+ 0.5569
3.21
7
5
9.40716
8.41638
719.87292
9.72852
710.0414
0.557
0.5352
3.52
8
7
9.55207
8.70620
719.83910
9.85546
710.2788
0.476
+ 0.7169
3.21
FORMATION OF EQUATIONS OF CONDITION.
MARS I.
Meridian , Greenwich .
N°.
Date.
Limb.
log. 6.
log. C.
log. g.
log. S.
log. n.
h\
s.
1
1849.— Nov. 1
C.
710.47393
0.54932
719.80336
9.96783
nO. 00000
0.4043
+ 0.9286
2
6
c.
710.43595
0.47396
719.81685
9.77357
0.47712
0.4302
0.5937
3
16
c.
710,34832
0.29870
719.84024
8.82607
0.60206
0.4792
0.0670
4
30
N.
710.18539
9.97286
719.86022
9.83385
0.69020
0.5253
0.6821
5
Dec. 4
N.
wO. 12490
9.85186
719.86196
9.81298
0.59106
0.5296
0.6501
6
8
N.
nO. 05461
9.71128
719.86214
9.81451
0.51851
0.5300
0.6524
7
15
N.
719.89508
9.39222
719.85809
9.86929
0.68124
0.5202
0.7401
8
17
N.
719.83617
9.27440
719.85590
9.89470
0.59106
0.5150
0.7847
9
19
N.
719.76802
9.13810
719.85324
9.92^4
0.54407
0.5087
0.8380
10
27
N.
719.27347
8.14900
719.83829
0.05587
9.00000
0.4749
1.1373
11
28
N.
719.13955
7.88116
719.83596
0.07346
0.20412
0.4698
1.1843
12
29
N.
718.94488
7.49182
719.83354
0.09110
0.04139
0.4646
1.2334
13
1850.— Jan. 4
N.
9.32394
8.24994
719.81704
0.19656
0.07918
0.4306
1.5724
14
5
N.
9.41608
8.43422
719.81399
0.21376
9.69897
0.4246
1.6363
15
7
N.
9.55668
8.71442
719.80765
0.24795
9.77815
0.4124
1.7699
16
23
N.
0.06366
9.72938
719.74777
0.49620
710.14613
0.3130
3.1347
17
30
N.
0.17810
9.95826
719.71835
0.59024
710.55^30
7i0.7f600
0.2733
3.8926
18
Feb. 6
N.
0.26861
0.13928
n9. 68823
0.67637
0.2379
4.7464
19
7
N.
0.28012
0.16230
719.68393
0.68807
tiO. 74819
0.2333
4.8761
20
9
N.
0.30229
0.20664
719.67529
0.71110
710.78533
0.2242
5.1416
21
13
S.
0.34349
0.28904
n9. 65815
0.56771
710.78533
0.2072
3.6958
22
16
N.
0.37200
0.34606
719.64544
0.78757
710.83251
0.1954
6.1316
23
21
C.
0.41574
0.43354
719.62466
0.77062
nO. 78533
0.1775
5.8968
24
22
c.
0.42400
0.45006
719.62065
0.78217
710.77815
0.1743
-f 6.0558
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CCXXIV
EQUATIONS OF CONDITION,
FORMATION OP EQUATIONS OF CONDITION.
MARS I.
Equatorial, Cambridge,
N°,
Date.
Limb.
log. &.
log. C.
log. e.
log. g.
log. S,
log. 71.
P
S.
p.
1
1849.— Nov. 14
c.
nO. 36537
0,33280
n9. 66331
9.57031
0.6812
0.212
4-0.3718
3.05
2
15
N.
nO. 35469
0.31144
0.19304
n9. 80830
0.43171
0.3979
0.413
4-2.7021
1.61
3
S.
nO. 35461
0.31128
nO. 19306
n9. 82259
nO. 38725
0.7482
0.442
—2.4,392
2.91
4
16
c.
nO. 34792
0.29790
n9. 83275
8.88762
0.6128
0.463
4-0.0772
3.24
5
s.
wO. 34473
0.29152
nO. 19598
n9. 85888
nO. 40618
0.6232
0.522
—2.5479
2.42
6
21
0.
nO. 29608
0.19422
n9. 79181
n8. 51322
0.6812
0.383
-0.0326
3.89
7
0.
nO. 29290
0.18786
n9. 85324
n9. 13033
0.7404
0.508
0.1350
3.70
8
26
s.
nO. 23354
0.06914
nO. 22050
n9. 91796
n0.48l30
0.7404
0.686
—3.0290
3.62
9
30
N.
nO. 17980
9.96166
0.22754
n9. 91300
0.35658
0.6628
0.670
4-2.2729
2.28
]0
Dec. 11
c.
n9. 99349
9.58904
n9. 94817
n9. 68520
0.5798
0.787
—0.4844
3.52
11
17
N.
n9. 83463
9.27132
0.23344
n9. 84016
0.40195
0.4914
0.479
4-2.5232
3.62
12
27
N.
n9. 26371
8.12948
0.21675
w9. 77146
0.46036
0.2788
0.349
4-2.8864
3.93
13
28
S.
n9. 13268
7.86742
nO. 21442
n9. 73024
nO. 36248
n0.4150
0.288
—2.3040
2.18
14
C.
«9. 12292
7.84790
n9. 72652
9.53339
n9.7782
0.284
4-0.3415
3.00
15
29
N.
n8. 80577
7.21360
0.21071
wO. 04085
0.39157
1.208
4-2.4636
16
31
S.
8.35917
6.32040
710.20589
719.64671
nO. 30758
0.0792
0.196
—2.0304
4.83
17
1850.-Jan. 1
c.
8.80777
7.21760
n9. 79451
9.64631
0.4771
0.388
4-0.4429
4.75
18
4
N.
9.32923
8.26052
0,19416
n9. 79596
0.50109
9. 3010
0.391
4-3.1702
3.62
19
5
C.
9.43045
8.46296
n9. 62889
9.94096
9.9031
0.181
4-0.8729
3.91
FORMATION OF ADDITIONAL EQUATIONS OF CONDITION.
MARS I.
Equatorial, Cambridge,
N°.
Date.
Wash. M.T.
obs'd r.
2r.
IDA-
^rDd.
^0.
n.
log. e.
log. S,
log. 71.
p.
1
1849.— Nov. 14
.6120
If
9.12
2.258
II
4- 0.665
II
4- 1.50
II
7.22
II
-0.40
0.18972
0.40617
719.6021
2.44
4 'i
16
.4398
6.80
1.107
0.683
— 0.74
7.31
0.32
0. 19507
0.40942
n9.5051
2.67
6
21
,4538
9.81
1.346
0.714
4- 0.95
7.54
1.22
0.20855
0.41770
710.0864
3.43
7
.7416
8.16
0.911
0.715
0.65
7.55
0.03
0.20926
0.41814
718.4771
3.13
9
30
.7431
9.06
0.774
0.670
0.52
7.88
0.73
0.22754
0.42953
7x9.8633
1.54
10
Dec. 11
.2979
9.60
0.816
4- 0.430
4- 0.35
8.03
2.00
0.23611
43494
710.3010
2.57
13,14
28
.34^
.3886
7.76
0.674
— 0.080
— 0.05
7.65
0.12
0.21427
0.42125
n9.0792
3.00
19
1850 Jan. 5
8.60
1.854
— 0.201
— 0.37
7.23
-1.02
0.19043
0.40660
?i0.0086
3.00
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EQUATIONS OF CONDITION.
CCXXV
FORMATION OF EQUATIONS.
MARS I.
Meridian y Athens,
N°.
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
Date.
1849.— Nov. 22
23
25
26
28
29
30
Dec. 4
9
14
15
T6
17
19
21
Limb.
S.
N.
N.
S.
s.
N.
S.
s.
N.
S.
N.
S.
N.
N.
N.
22
S.
23
N.
24
S.
28
s.
29
N.
.—Jan. 1
N.
2
S.
3
N.
5
N.
6
S.
8
S.
10
S.
15
N.
19
N.
26
S.
27
N.
29
N.
Feb. 1
S.
2
S.
3
N.
4
S.
5
N.
10
S.
log.&.
logC.
«0. 28654
nO. 27521
nO. 25161
nO. 23931
nO. 21363
n0.20019
nO. 18633
nO. 12597
nO. 03642
w9. 92348
n9. 89689
n9. 86855
w9. 83825
w9. 77044
n9. 69005
n9. 64348
«9. 59131
n9. 53201
n9. 14977
n8. 96078
8.76407
9.03304
9.19790
9. 4] 056
9.48742
9.60944
9.70461
9.87837
9.98006
0.11534
0.13163
0.16250
0.20505
0.21835
0.23126
0.24380
0.25599
0.31226
0.17514
0.15248
0.10528
0.08068
0.0^932
0.00244
9.97472
9.85400
9.67490
9.44902
9.39584
9.33916
9.27856
9.14294
8.98216
8.88902
8.78468
8.66608
7.90160
7.52362
7.13020
7.66814
7.99786
8.42318
8.57690
8.82094
9.01128
9.35880
9.56218
9.83274
9.86532
9.92706
0.01216
0.03876
0.06458
0.08966
0.11404
0.22658
log. e.
nO. 21066
0.21303
0.21749
wO. 21958
nO. 22343
0.22518
nO. 92683
nO. 23215
0,23571
wO. 23553
0.23502
nO. 23436
0.23355
0.23144
0.22872
nO. 22714
0.22541
nO. 22354
«0. 21469
0.21216
0.20384
nO. 20084
0.19774
0.19124
nO. 18785
wO. 18081
nO. 17345
0.15391
0.13T39
710.10733
0.10297
0.09422
wO. 08107
nO. 07669
0.07231
nO. 06794
0.06357
nO. 04186
log.
9'
719.54970
n9.. 55015
»i9. 55073
719.55077
719.55080
719.55073
ri9. 55041
719.54841
719.54403
719.53779
719.53629
7i9, 53483
719.53328
719.52992
729.52639
719.52450
719.52259
719.52059
719.51212
719.50983
719.50264
7Z9.5U014
719.49753
7^9.49214
719.48937
719.48356
719.47755
7i9. 46064
719.44704
719.42018
719.41618
719.40803
719.39560
719.39139
r.9. 38719
7x9.38294
719.37875
719.35728
log. S,
710.38321
0.44937
0.44467
TiO. 40.557
710.41394
0.43840
nO. 42052
710.42849
0.44031
7i0. 41868
0.45244
710.41135
0.45812
0.46459
0.47179
710.37736
0.47972
7x0.36150
710.32177
0.50763
0.52378
710.25327
0.53529
0.54734
710.17751
7i0. 12933
7zO. 07266
0.61497
0.64466
9.64464
0,70708
0.72309
0.07119
0.11638
0.76349
0.19634
0.77972
0.38173
log. n.
1.11727
0.91908
0.94939
1.12057
1 . 13033
0.90849
0.97313
1.07188
0.93952
1.09691
0,91381
1.07188
0.89209
0.90309
0.84510
1.00860
0.90849
1.02119
1.01284
0.80618
0.83251
0.96379
0.46240
0.41497
0.83251
0.86923
0.91908
0.53148
0.17609
0.59106
7x0.04139
9.00000
0.38021
0.74036
710.00000
0.55630
7x0.14613
9.778i5
7.2
+0.126
0.126
0.126
0.126
0.126
0.126
0.126
0.125
0.123
0.119
0.118
0.117
0.117
0.115
0.113
0.112
0,111
0.110
0.106
0.105
0.101
0.100
0.099
0.096
0.095
0.093
0.090
0.083
0.078
0.069
0.068
0.066
0.062
0.061
0.060
0.058
0.057
-fO.052
S,
—2.4166
+2,8143
+2.7840
—2.5443
—2.5938
+2r7441
—2.6334
—2.6822
+2.7562
—2 6223
+2.8343
—2.5784
+2.8716
+2.9147
+2.9634
-2.3843
+3.0180
—2.2988
—2.0978
+3.2183
+3.3402
—1.7917
+3.430O
+3.5265
—1.5049
—1.3478
—1.1821
+4.1207
+4.4122
+0.4412
+5.0943
+5.28.56
+1.1781
+1.3073
+5.8008
+1.5716
+6.0217
+2.4084
z 50
Hosted by
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CCXXVl
EQUATIONS OF CONDITION.
FORMATION OP EQUATIONS OF CONDITION.
MAllS II.
Equatorial, Santiago.
w.
Date.
Limb.
log. h.
log. C.
log. e.
log. f.
log. g.
log. S.
\og.n.
F.
s.
p.
1
I851.-Dec. 16
N. S.
nO. 35634
0.31474
9.97918
9.99454
0.43667
0.6628
+ 0.975
+ 2.7332
4.60
2
N. S.
wO. 35593
0.31392
0.00788
0.00468
0.45037
0.7634
1.022
2.8208
1.99
3
19
N. S.
nO. 32685
0.25576
0,07199
0.00227
0.45712
0.7559
1.011
2.8650
4.24
4
N. S.
nO. 32654
0.25514
0.09695
0.01213
0.47082
0.7708
1.058
2.9568
3.60
5
N. S.
n0.326S6
0.25478
0.10985
0.01523
0.47733
0.7404
1.073
+ 3.C014
3.00
6
20
S.
nO. 31640
0.23485
710.11690
710.44127
0.01031
710.53171
0.8633
1.049
— 3.4020
4.97
7
21
s.
nO. 30586
0.21378
710.12017
719.57875
0.01292
710.02288
0.7924
1.061
— 1.0541
5.17
8
22
s.
nO. 29505
0.19216
710,12340
0.33021
0.01528
0.15534
0.7160
1.073
-{- 1.4300
5.10
9
24
s.
nO. 27228
0.14662
«0. 12982
719.38952
0.029.38
77.9.99734
0.7853
1.145
- 0.9939
5.09
10
25
s.
710.26054
0.12314
710.13289
0.42991
0.03343
0.28303
0.7324
1.167
-}- 1.9188
4.90
11
26
s.
710.24884
0.07974
710.13584
710.22254
0.02738
710.39563
0.8513
1.1.34
— 2,4867
4.88
12
s.
710.24829
0.09S64
710.13597
71.0.18518
0.04009
710.36528
0.8692
1.203
— 2.3189
4.17
13
27
s.
710.2363L
0.07468
710.13882
0.18589
0.03526
9.84924
0.8976
1.177 '
+ 0.7067
4.91
14
28
N. S.
710.22343
0.04892
719.99007
0.04193
9.75618
0.7853
1.213
0.5704
4.91
15
29
N. S.
710.21054
0.02314
9.44122
0.03893
0.25548
0.7324
1.197
1.8009
4.15
16
30
N. S.
710.19695
9.99598
0.58293
0.04354
0.72835
0.5682
1.222
+ 5. 3500
4.24
17
31
N. S.
710.18303
9.96812
770.35732
0.05528
n9. 86694
0.6434
1.290
— 0.7361
4.57
18
1852.— Jan. 1
N. S.
710.16834
9.93874
710.05553
0.05449
9.59351
0.6532
1.285
+ 0.3922
4.64
19
2
N. S.
nO. 1.5361
9.90928
779.17493
0.05288
0.13580
0.8451
1.276
1.3671
4.89
20
4
N. S.
tjO. 12210
9.84626
0.17722
0.05889
0.48093
0.5682
1.311
+ 3.0264
4.46
21
5
N. S.
710.10529
9.81264
710.28391
0.06491
719.58692
1.348
— 0.3863
4.50
22
6
N. S.
710.08778
9.77762
719.78154
0.07072
9.97653
0.7482
1.385
-f 0.9474
4.30
23
7
N, S.
TzO. 06985
9.74178
7^9.39980
0.07141
719.97987
0.8921
1.389
— 0.9547
4.46
24
8
N. S.
710.05173
9.70552
0.19805
0.05845
0.49178
0.8195
1.309
4- 3.1C30
3.91
25
N. S.
710.05075
9.70356
0.25607
0.07768
0.52897
0.7853
1.430
3.3804
4.14
26
9
N. S.
710.03139
9.66484
719.64444
0.07573
0.05565
0.8388
1.418
1.1367
4.65
27
10
N. S.
710.01071
9.62348
719.79134
0.07912
9.98967
0.7482
1.440
0.9765
4.86
28
11
N, S.
719.98856
9.57918
8.53782
0.08616
0.21997
0.7482
1.487
1.6594
3.84
29
12
N. S,
719.96664
9.53544
9.51772
0.07824
0.28865
0.6434
1.434
1.9438
4.83
30
N. S.
719.96563
9.53332
9.71966
■ 0.08910
0.33838
0.6021
1.508
2.1696
3.25
31
13
N. S.
719.94192
9.48590
9.49707
0.08864
0.29487
0.6721
1.504
-f- 1.9718
4.65
32
14
N. S.
719.91872
9.43550
710.27875
0.08790
719.35908
0.8261
1.499
— 0.2286
4.75
S3
IG
N. S.
rj9. 86109
9.32424
8.32838
0.08864
0.23865
0.6812
1.504
-f. 1.7324
4.36
34
17
N. S.
779.83043
9.26292
8.96614
0.08786
0.26081
0.7076
1.499
1.8231
4.34
35
20
N. S.
r/9. 72185
9.04576
710.06214
0.09272
9.82491
0.6990
1.533
0.6682
4.91
38
N. S.
719.71970
9.04146
719.97197
0.10083
9.95875
0.6902
1.591
0.9094
4.65
37
21
N. S.
ri9. 67950
8.96106
0.24898
0.08674
0.55733
0.8325
1.491
3.6085
2.48
38
22
N. S.
719.62923
8.86052
0.02007
0.10119
0.47076
0.4771
1.594
2.9564
4.55
39
23
N. S.
7i9.. 57540
8.752S6
710.03810
0.10107
9. 92978
0.6232
1.592
0.8507
4.42
40
24
N. S.
719.51363
8.62932
710.06153
0.10143
9.91761
0.6232
1.596
0.8272
4.96
41
25
N. S.
719.44399
8.49004
719.77335
0.09472
0.14713
0.3010
1.547
1.4032
4.81
42
27
N. S.
719.24965
8.10136
710.04859
0.09792
9.98650
0,6128
1.569
0.9694
4.50
43
28
N. S.
719.10432
7.81070
9.21827
0.10022
0.36252
0.3222
1.587
2.3042
4.30
44
29
N. S.
718.88627
7.37460
0.24002
0.10046
0.59389
1.589
3.9236
45
30
N. S.
718.42886
6.45978
0.17551
0.10006
0.57179
0.0414
1.585
3.7306
4.90
46
31
N. S.
8.35927
6.32060
710.21772
0.09902
9.79817
9.9542
1.578
0.6283
4.42
47
Feb. 1
N. S.
8.85074
7.30354
710.34891
0.09170
8.87448
0.0414
1.526
0.0749
4.76
48
2
N. S.
9.08847
7.77900
9.66736
0.09675
0.45378
9.6990
1.562
2.8430
4.81
49
3
N. S.
9.23924
8.08054
9.58614
0.09452
0.44935
0.1461
1.545
2.8142
4.50
50
7
N. S.
9.56918
8.74042
0.28829
0.08662
9.84776
0.1139
1.490
0.7043
4.45
51
8
N. S.
9.62318
8.84842
719.35586
0.091.52
0.39669
719.7782
1.524
2.4928
4.51
52
9
N. S.
9.67181
8.94568
0.12662
0.07895
0.61234
719.7782
1.439
4.0958
4.09
53
N. S.
9.67499
8.95204
0.15993
0.08039
0.62440
719.9542
1.448
4.2111
2.70
54
10
N, S.
9.71648
9.03502
719.79211
0.08064
0.34506
719.6990
1.450
2.21.34
4.28
1"
11
N. S.
9.75598
9.11402
9.82236
0.07751
0.55143
710.1761
-1- 1.4-29
+ 3.5598
1.95
Hosted by
Google
EQUATIONS OF CONDITION.
Equatorial^ Santiago — Continued.
CCXXVll
N°.
Date,
Limb.
log. 5.
log. C.
log. e, log. f.
log. g.
log. S,
log. n.
F.
5.
p.
56
1852.-Feb. 11
N. S.
9.75793
9.11792
9.86064
0.07586
0.55875
n0.1461
+1.417
+ 3.6203
3.22
57
13
N.S.
9.82595
9.25396
0.1i:067
0.07227
0.63856
wO.1761
1.395
4.3507
3.19
58
N. S.
9.82747
9.25700
0.13621
0.07132
0.64343
nO.2788
1.389
4.3998
2,61
59
14
N.S.
9.85748
9.31702
719.96360
0.07072
0.33943
n9.7782
1.385
2.1849
4.58
CO
15
N.S.
9.88556
9.37338
n9. 32552
0.06246
0.46951
710.0000
1.334
2.9479
4.58
61
16
N.S.
9.91347
9.42900
9.60692
0.06408
0.56245
710.2553
1.344
3.6514
5.01
62
17
N. S.
9,93917
9.48040
9.94359
0.06088
0.62328
720.3617
1.323
4.2003
5.28
63
19
N. S.
9.98606
9.57418
0.16101
0.05257
0.69205
710.6232
1.274
4.9210
4.52
64
20
N.S.
0.00792
9.61790
0.18808
0.04982
0.70730
710.6128
1.258
5.0969
5.01
65
21
N.S,
0.02886
9.65978
0.18258
0.04769
0.71301
7Z0.6232
1.246
5.1643
4.90
66
22
N. S.
0.04837
9.69880
0.14264
0.04175
0.70819
710.6434
1.212
5.1073
3.62
67
23
N.S.
0.06728
9.73662
0.05910
0.03773
0.69457
710.6902
1. 190
4.9495
4.77
68
24
N. S.
0.08541
9.77288
9.89807
0.03385
0.67043
710.6628
1.168
4.6820
4.77
69
25
N.S.
0.10294
9.80794
nO. 11383
0. 033 36
0.42899
7i0.55u3
1.155
2.6853
4,65
70
26
N.S.
0.11973
9.84152
nO. 27103
0.02805
0.34477
n0.5315
1.138.
2.2119
4.65
71
27
N.S.
0.13669
9.87544
nO. 40583
0.02418
0.21275
TiO. 7076
1.118
1.6321
4.41
72
28
N.S.
0.15120
9.90446
0.31144
0.01723
0.79989
w0.66£8
1.083
6.3080
4.20
73
N. S.
0. 15205
9.90616
0.30386
0.02197
0.79864
720.7324
1.107
6.2899
4,03
74
29
N. S.
0.16615
9.934.36
0.08303
0.01184
0.74540
710.7243
1.056
5.5641
4.03
75
Mar. 1
N.S.
0.18G82
9.96370
9.40773
0.01090
0.67370
710.6812
1.052
4.7173
4.99
76
2
N.S.
0.19503
9.99212
Ji9. 89774
0.00922
0.57751
710.6232
1.043
3.7802
5.20
77
3
N.S.
0.20840
0.01886
nO. 27717
0.00136
0.44253
710.5315
1.006
2.7703
4.75
78
4
N.S.
0.22187
0.04580
0.40128
0.00171
0.86339
710.8385
1.008
7.3011
4.34
79
6
N. S.
0.24725
0.09656
919.16732
9.99479
0.68639
710.7782
0.976
4.8572
4.40
80
7
N.S.
0.25918
0.12042
0.51424
9.98792
0.92304
nO.8751
0.946
8.3760
3,94
81
8
N.S.
0.27100
0.14406
0.24005
9.98583
0.84296
nO.8195
0.937
6.9657
4.36
82
9
N.S.
0.28239
0.16684
9.19562
9.98104
0.74025
n0.8062
0.916
5.4986
4.19
83
10
N. S.
0.29339
0.18884
riO. 17447
9.97410
0.59743
710.6090
0.888
3.9576
3.37
84
11
N.S.
0.30452
0.21110
0.25486
9.97378
0.86815
711.0043
0.886
7.3817
4.60'
85
12
N.S.
0.31480
0.23166
8.60531
9.96321
0.75803
7i0. 9494
0.844
5.7284
3.69
86
N.S.
0.31521
0.23248
n8. 49415
9.97010
0.75410
nO.9345
0.871
5.6767
4.60
87
13
N.S.
0.32.542
0.25290
nO. 27402
9.96464
0.59640
nO.9243
0.850
3.9482
4.64
88
14
N.S.
0.33562
0.273.30
0.26829
9.96128
0.89274
710.9638
0.837
7.8116
4.58
89
15
N.S.
0.34550
0.29306
n9. 20303
9.95710
0.77273
710.9191
+0.821
+ 5,9255
4.82
Hosted by
Google
CCXXVIU
EQUATIONS OF CONDITION.
FOUMATION OF ADDITIONAL EQUATIONS OP CONDITION.
MARS II.
Equatorial y Santiago.
N°.
Date.
Wash.M.T.
Obs^d r.
2r.
IDA.
=FrI>A.
^0.
n.
log. e.
log. S.
log. n.
p.
1
I851.--Dec. 16
.5671
//
11.84
5.655
-|-0.f05
II
+ 3.41
II
5.91
II
—2.38
0.10344
0.35583
nO.3766
4.00
2
3
.6104
7.70
0.022
0.613
0.01
5.91
1.78
0.10353
0.35588
n0.2504
1.26
19
.5502
10.03
2.860
0.755
2.15
6.04
1.76
0.11354
0.36150
nO.2455
4.00
4
5
.5803
7.87
1.522
0.756
1.15
6.04
0.66
0.11363
0.36155
n9.8195
3.00
.5972
7.62
0.294
0.757
0.22
6.04
1.36
0.11369
0.36158
wO.1335
2.25
14
28
.5448
8.42
0.011
1.178
4- 0.13
6 46
1.83
0.14174
0.37766
nO.2625
4.82
15
29
.5235
6.77
0.532
1.209
— 0.64
6.50
0.93
0.14452
0.37927
n9.9685
3.86
16
30
.5236
8.58
0.607
1.254
+ 0.76
6.55
1.25
0.14727
0.38088
710.0969
4.00
17
31
.5167
7.97
0.115
1.282
— 0.15
6.58
1.54
0.14992
0.38242
n0.1b75
4.37
18
1852.— Jan. X
.5304
8.45
0.326
1.317
+ 0.43
6.62
1.40
0.15249
0.38393
n0.1461
4.50
19
2
.5136
8.74
0.444
1.348
0.60
6.66
1.48
0.15500
0.38541
n0.1703
4.57
20
4
.5072
9.15
0.770
1.404
1.08
6.73
1.32
0.15969
0.38828
n0.1206
3.69
21
5
.5130
8.17
0.458
1.428
0.65
6.77
0.75
0.16191
0.38949
n9.8751
4.00
22
6
.5199
8.47
0.475
1.450
0.69
6.80
0.98
0.16401
0.39074
n9.9912
3.69
23
7
.5097
9.26
0.742
1.468
4- 1.09
6.83
1.32
0.16598
0.39190
n0.1206
3.69
24
8
.4700
7.07
0.616
1.483
— 0.91
6.86
1.15
0.16781
0.39299
710.0607
3.00
.5204
6.70
0.577
1.484
— 0.86
6.87
0.69
0.16789
0.39304
n9.8388
3.27
26
9
.5007
8.91
0.737
1 496
+ 1.10
6.89
0.90
0.16963
0.39408
719.9542
4.00
27
10
.5008
8.55
0.249
1.505
0.37
6.92
1.25
0.17123
0.39503
710.1004
4.93
28
11
.5200
9.00
0.416
1.511
0.63
6.94
1.43
0.17280
0.39597
710.1553
3.00
29
12
.4786
9.10
0.334
1.514
0.51
6.96
1.63
0.17415
0.39678
7i0.2122
4.24
30
.5220
8.63
0.414
1.514
0.63
6.96
1.04
0.17420
0.39681
710.0170
2.25
31
13
.5037
8.59
0.258
1.513
0.39
6.98
1.22
0.17542
0.39754
710.0864
4.24
' 32
14
.4899
8.72
0.267
1.509
0.40
7.00
1.32
0.17654
0.39821
710.1206
4.70
33
16
.4747
8.76
0.494
1.490
0.74
7.03
0.99
0.17835
0.39930
719.9956
4.24
34
17
.4649
8.87
0.653
1.476
0.96
7.04
0.85
0.17906
0.39973
719.9345
3.69
35
20
.4589
8.44
0.217
1.414
4- 0.31
7.05
1.08
0.18029
0.40046
710.0,334
4.70
36
.5112
7.99
0.182
1.412
— 0.25
7.06
1.19
0.18031
0.40048
710.0755
4.24
37
21
.4383
9.40
0.531
1.387
+ 0.74
7.07
1.57
0.18040
0. 40053
710.1959
1.71
38
22
.4837
9.19
0.457
1.355
+ 0.62
7.07
1.50
0.18038
0.40052
710.1761
4.33
39
23
.4763
8.97
0.533
l.:>22
— 0.70
7.06
1.21
0.18020
0.40041
710.0828
4.33
40
24
.4738
9.11
0.385
1.287
4- 0.50
7.05
1.56
0.17986
0.40022
710.1931
4.93
41
25
.4407
8.88
0.169
1.250
0.21
7.04
1.63
0.17939
0.39992
710.2122
4.64
42
27
.4^63
8.64
0.660
1.166
0.77
7.02
0.85
0.17798
0.39909
729.9294
4.50
43
28
.4570
8.87
0.834
1.120
0.93
7.00
0.94
0.17704
0.39851
719.9731
3.86
44
29
.4608
8.07
0.204
1.075
0.22
6.98
0.87
0.17597
0.39787
719.9395
4.77
45
30
.4631
7.83
0.208
1.027
0.21
6.96
0.66
0.17475
0.39694
719.8195
5.00
46
31
.4574
8.10
0.455
0.979
0.45
6.94
0.71
0.17341
0.39633
719.8513
4.33
47
Feb. 1
.4183
7.74
0.083
0.931
0.08
6.92
0.74
0.17198
0.39549
719.8692
4.42
48
2
.4519
8.18
0.370
0.879
0.33
6.90
0.98
0.17031
0.39448
719.9912
4.50
49
3
.4695
7.84
0,192
0.827
0.16
6.87
0.81
0.16853
0.39342
719.9085
4.50
50
7
.4167
7.84
0.405
0.624
0.25
6.73
0.86
0.16040
0.38860
7J9.9345
4.33
51
8
.3985
7.83
0.111
0.574
0.06
6.70
1.07
0.15810
0.38724
710.0294
4.46
52
9
.3937
7.79
0.365
0.523
+ 0.19
6.66
0.94
0.15566
0.38580
719.9731
3.69
53
.4628
6.96
0.960
0.520
— 0.50
6.66
0.82
0.15548
0.38569
719.9138
1.95
54
10
.4115
7.85
0.755
0.472
+ 0.36
6.62
0.87
0. 15305
0.38426
719.9395
3.86
55
11
.4027
7.53
0.101
0.423
+ 0.04
6.58
0.91
0.15041
0.38271
719.9590
1.26
56
.4540
7.10
0.017
0.420
— 0.01
6.58
0.53
0.15027
0.38263
719.7243
2.44
57
13
.3960
7.23
0,780
0.325
+ 0.25
6,49
0.49
0.14483
0.37945
719.6902
2.25
58
.4430
7.48
0.665
0.323
0.21
6.49
0.78
0.14469
0.37938
719.8921
1.71
59
14
.4049
7.30
0.672
0.277
0.19
6.45
0.66
0.14186
0.37773
719.8195
3.86
60
15
.3705
7.55
0.501
0.232
0.12
6.40
1.03
0.13894
0.37604
710.0128
3.86
61
16
.3871
7.43
0.303
0.186
0.06
6.36
1.01
0.13578
0.37420
7J 0.0043
4.50
62
17
.3859
7.03
0.262
0.141
0.04
6.32
0.67
0.13260
0.37237
719.8261
4.97
63
19
.3683
6.83
0.004
+ 0.055
+ 0.00
6.22
-0.61
0.12609
0,36863
719.7853
3.77
Hosted by
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EQUATIONS OF CONDITION.
Equatorial^ Santiago — Continued .
ccxxix
N*.
Date.
Wash. M. T.
obs'd r.
2r.
IDA-
^tD,8,.
n.
n.
loge.
log. S,
log. n.
p.
64
1852.— Feb. 20
.3682
II
6.86
0.417
II
+ 0.014
+ 0.01
II
6.17
II
-0.68
0.12270
0.36670
rj9.8325
4.50
65
21
.3740
6.86
0.589
— 0.027
— 0.02
6.13
0.75
0.11924
0.36473
ri9.8751
4.33
66
22
.3561
6.79
0.538
0.066
0.04
6.08
0.75
0.11583
0.36279
719.8751
2.67
67
23
.3510
6.22
0.626
-0.104
0.07
6.03
0.26
0.11226
0.36078
n9.4150
4.13
68
24
.3469
6.70
1.027
0.142
0.15
5 98
0.85
0.10867
0.35876
n9.9294
4.13
69
25
.3493
6.50
0.554
0.178
0.09
5.93
0.66
0.10502
0.35671
W9.8195
4.24
70
26
.3485
6.59
0.571
0.213
0.12
5.88
0.83
0.10135
0.35466
n9.9191
4.24
71
27
.3980
6.53
0.532
0.249
0.13
5.82
0.84
0.09745
0.35248
n9.9243
3.86
72
28
.3290
6.60
0.356
0.280
0.10
5.78
0.93
0.09395
0.35054
?i9.9685
3.50
73
.3842
6.33
0.275
0.282
0.08
5.77
0.64
0.09375
0.35043
n9.8062
3.27
74
29
.3210
6.08
0.173
0.311
05
5.73
0.40
0.09020
0.34847
719.6021
3.27
75
Mar. 1
.3288
6.24
0.266
0.343
0.09
5.68
0.65
0.08637
0.34636
719.8129
4.75
76
2
.3370
6.37
0.151
0.373
0.05
5.63
0.79
0.08251
0.34424
719.8976
5.14
77
3
.3171
6.21
0.251
0.402
0.10
5.58
0.73
0.07874
0.34218
719.8633
4.33
78
4
.3347
5.89
0.457
0.431
0.20
5.53
0.56
0.07480
0.34004
719.7482
4.13
79
6
.3411
5.90
0.426
0.487
0.21
5.43
0.68
0.06700
0.33582
719.8325
4.24
80
7
.3246
6.06
0.437
0.514
0.22
5.38
0.90
0.06316
0.33376
719.9542
3.50
81
8
.3274
5.86
0.474
0.540
0.26
5.33
0.79
0.05924
33166
719.8976
4.24
82
9
.3192
5.90
0.082
0.565
— 0.05
5.28
0.67
0.05535
0.32959
719.8261
3.93
83
10
.3031
6.99
0.027
0.590
+ 0.02
5.24
1.73
0.05149
0.32743
7x0.2380
2.83
84
11
.3225
5.77
0.3J2
0.615
-. 0.19
5.19
0.77
0.04748
0.32542
719.8865
4.42
85
12
.2890
5.84
0.100
0.639
— 0.06
5.14
0.76
0. 04368
0.32342
719.8808
3.00
86
.3273
5.98
0.107
0.640
+ 0.07
5.14
0.77
0.04353
0.32334
719.8865
4.41
87
13
.3111
5.51
0.346
0.663
— 0,23
5.09
0.65
0.03968
0.32132
719.8129
4.50
88
14
.3157
5.64
0.279
0.687
0.19
5.05
0.78
0.03573
0.31926
7J9.8921
4.33
89
15
.3128
5.57
0.238
— 0.710
— 0.17
5.00
—0.74
0.03182
0.31723
719.8692
4.80
FORMATION OP EQUATIONS OP CONDITION.
MARS II.
Meridian^ Santiago.
N°.
Date,
Limb.
log. 5.
log. C.
log. e.
log.g.
log. S.
log. n.
k\
S.
1
1851.— D6C.19
S.
710.32615
0.25436
7x0.11378
0.01665
7x9.76589
0.8976
+ 1.080
— 0.5833
2
21
S.
710.30522
0.21250
7x0.12038
0.02396
7x9.81351
0.8692
1.117
0.6509
3
22
s.
710.29437
0.19080
7x0.12362
0.02760
7?9. 83347
0.9494
1.136
0.6815
4
24
s.
710.27180
0.14568
7x0.12995
0.03478
7x9.86729
0.7993
1.174
0.7367
5
•25
s.
710.26007
0.12220
7x0.13303
0.03831
7x9.88150
1.0128
1.193
0.7612
6
26
s.
710.24801
0.09808
7x0.13606
0.04182
7x9.89409
0.9085
1.212
0.7836
7
27
s.
710.23560
0.07326
7x0.13901
0.04526
7x9.90531
0.9294
1.232
0.8041
8
28
s.
710.22389
0.04984
7x0.14190
0.04865
729.91408
0,9494
1.251
0.8205
9
30
s.
710.19613
9.99432
7x0.14745
0.05528
7x9.93064
0.7709
1.290
0.8524
10
31
s.
720.18212
9.96630
7x0.15011
0.05849
7x9.93671
0.6990
1.309
— 0.8644
11
1852.— Jan. 1
N.
710.16745
9.93696
0.15268
0.06264
0.59890
7x0.3424
1.334
+ 3.9710
12
2
N,
710.15269
9.90744
0.15516
0.06471
0.59955
0.5682
1.347
3.9769
13
4
N.
nO. 12112
9.84430
0.16177
0.07065
0.60259
0.3424
1.385
4.0049
14
5
N.
710.10443
9.81092
0.16389
0.07308
0.60389
1.0212
1.400
+ 4.0169
15
6
S.
710.08707
9.77620
7x0.16422
0.07606
7x9.95080
0.8195
1.419
— 0.8S29
16
7
S.
7x0.06899
9.74004
7x0.16779
0.07865
7x9.95216
0.8325
1.436
— 0.8957
17
8
N.
7x0.05013
9.70232
0.16797
0.08118
60844
0.7404
1.453
+ 4.0592
18
9
S.
7x0.03054
9.66314
7x0.16972
0.08154
719.94655
0.8261
1.456
— 0.8842
19
10
N.
7x0.00976
9.62158
0.17134
0.08581
0.61256
0.7076
1.485
-f 4.0979
20
11
N.
7x9.98807
9.57820
0.17285
0.08794
0.61479
0.4771
•f 1.499
+ 4.1190
Hosted by
Google
ccxxx
EQUATIONS OF CONDITION.
Meridian^ Santiago — Continued.
N°.
Date.
Limb.
log. b.
log. C.
log. e.
log. g.
log. S,
log. n.
h^
s.
21
1852.-Jan. 12
S.
n9. 96524
9.53254
710.17423
0.08893
7x9.92727
0.8129
+ 1.513
— 0.8458
22
13
N.
n9. 94105
9.48435
0.17547
0.09183
0.61965
0.3424
1.526
+ 4.1653
23
14
S.
n9. 91564
9.43334
710.17658
0.09353
7x9.91046
0.8388
1.539
— 0.8137
24
15
N.
n9. 88754
9.37714
0.17756
0.09516
0.62486
0.4624
1.550
4- 4.2165
25
16
S.
n9. 85965
9.32136
7x0.17840
0.09658
7x9.88829
0.3424
1.560
— 0.7732
26
17
N.
n9. 82868
9.25942
0.179C9
0.09790
0.63053
0.2041
1.570
+ 4.2710
27
18
S.
719.79534
9.19274
7x0.17964
0.09902
7x9.86004
0.8261
1.578
— 0.7245
28
19
N.
719.75923
9.12052
0.18005
0.10002
0.63652
0.8921
1.585
+ 4.3303
29
20
N.
719.71984
9.04174
0.18030
0.10086
0.63964
0.0000
1.591
4.3615
30
21
N.
7^9.67652
8.95510
0.18041
0.10153
0.64284
O.OOOO
1.596
4.3938
31
22
S.
719.62839
8.85884
7x0.18037
0.10205
7j9 78017
0.9085
1.600
0.6028
32
23
N.
719.57425
8.75056
0.18018
0.10258
0.64950
7x9.8451
1.604
+ 4.4617
33
24
S.
719.51241
8.62688
7x0.17985
0.10254
7x9.72411
0.1761
1.603
— 0.5298
34
25
N.
719.44026
8 48258
0.17936
0.10256
0.65634
7x9.0000
1.603
+ 4.5325
35
27
N.
7x9.24545
8.09293
0.17794
10209
0.66349
7x0,2041
1.601
4- 4.6078
36
28
S.
719.10096
7.80398
7x0.18000
0.10159
7x9.56808
0.6812
1.597
— 0.3699
37
29
N.
718.88289
7.36784
0.17595
0.10096
0.67090
0,3424
1.592
-f 4.6871
38
30
S.
718.42415
6.45036
7x0.17474
0.10015
7x9.41847
7x9.6021
1.586
~ 0,2621
39
31
N.
8.36642
6.33490
0.17340
0.09921
0.67863
7x0.1139
1.579
+ 4.7712
40
Feb. 1
S.
8.86368
7.32942
7x0.17192
0.09809
7x9.19818
7x9.7782
1.571
— 0.1571
41
2
N.
9.08945
7.78096
0.17030
0.09682
0.68652
7x0.1761
1.562
-j- 4.8587
42
3
S.
9.23724
8.07654
7x0.16856
0.09539
7x8.64345
7x0.7076
1.551
— 0.0440
43
4
N.
9.34731
8.29668
0.16669
0.09383
0.69473
9.0000
1.541
4- 4.9514
44
7
S.
9,57046
8.74298
7x0.16036
0.08829
9.31387
0.1461
1.502
0.2060
45
8
S.
9.62506
8.85218
7x0.15802
0.08618
9.43696
7x9.0000
1.487
0.2735
46
9
N.
9.67355
8.94916
0.15557
0.08395
0.71640
7x0.0414
1.472
5.2047
47
10
S.
9.71718
9.03638
wO. 15300
0.08154
9.61731
7x9.6990
1.455
0.4143
48
11
N.
9.75680
9.11566
0.150.36
0.07910
0.72552
7x0.3817
1.440
5.3152
49
13
N.
9.82663
9.25532
0.14477
0.07378
0.73494
7i9.3010
1.405
5.4:>17
50
14
N.
9.85776
9.31758
0.14183
0.07096
0.73975
9.0000
1.387
5.4922
51
15
N.
9.88578
9.37562
0.13884
0.06806
0.74464
7x0.1461
1.368
5.5514
52
16
S.
9.91399
9.43004
7x0.13572
0,06501
9.94655
7x0.4914
1.349
0.8842
53
17
N.
9.93961
9.48128
0.13255
0.0^191
0.75459
7x0.5798
1.329
5.6832
54
18
S.
9.96379
9.52984
7x0.12930
0.05869
0.02386
7x0.4150
1.310
1.0565
55
19
N.
9.98670
9.57546
0.12601
0.05541
0.76483
7x0.8751
1.290
5.8187
56
20
S.
0.00847
9.61900
7x0.12261
0.05214
0.09237
7x0.6335
1.272
1.2370
57
21
N.
0.02919
9.66044
0.11918
0.04862
0.77534
7x0.7243
1.2.^1
5.9613
58
22
N.
0.04897
9.70000
0.11569
0.04512
0.78070
wO.7076
1.231
6.0353
69
23
N.
0.06789
9.73784
0.11215
0.04153
0.78610
7x0,6233
1.211
6.1109
60
24
S.
0.08602
9,77410
7x0.10856
0.03783
0.20868
7x0.3617
1.191
1.6206
61
25
N.
0.10343
9.80892
0.10492
0.03422
0.79714
7x0,9294
1.170
6.2682
62
26
S.
0.12016
9.84238
7x0.10112
0.03045
0.26119
7x0.6335
1.151
1.8247
63
27
N.
0.13627
9.87460
0.09754
0.02667
0.80840
«0.7993
1.131
6.4329
64
28
S.
0.15182
9.90570
7x0.09382
0.02281
0.30870
7x0.5563
l.Uk
2.0361
65
29
N.
0.16682
9.93570
0,09003
0.01896
0.81991
7x1.1461
1.091
6.6056
66
Mar. 1
N.
0.18132
9.96470
0.08623
0.01502
0.82574
7x0.3802
1.072
6.6948
67
2
N.
0.19536
9.99278
0.08242
0.01103
0.83162
7x1.0792
1.052
6.7862
68
3
N.
0.20895
0.01996
0.07858
0.00709
0.83757
7x0.9031
1.033
6.8797
69
4
N.
0.22213
0.04632
0.07472
0,00307
0.84355
7x0.8513
1.014
6.9752
70
6
N.
0.24736
0.09678
0.06697
9,99498
0.85566
7x0.9294
0.977
7.1723
71
7
S.
0.25943
0.12092
7x0.06307
9.99087
0,47148
7x0.5185
0.959
2.9613
72
8
N.
0.27119
0.14444
0.05917
9.98680
0.8^793
7x0.9294
0.941
7.3779
73
9
S.
0.28264
0.16734
7x0.05526
9.98266
0.50683
7x0.8129
0.923
3.2124
74
10
N,
0.29379
0,18964
0.05134
9.97854
0.88035
7x0.7708
0.906
7.5918
75
11
S.
0.30467
0.21140
7x0.04743
9.97438
0.54046
7x0.7993
0.889
3.4711
76
12
N.
0.31528
0.23262
0.04351
9.97023
0.89289
7x0.9912
0.872
7.8143
77
13
S.
32564
0.25334
7x0.03959
9.96605
0.57264
7x0.9243
0.855
3.7380
78
14
N.
0.33575
0.27356
0.03568
9.96189
0,90555
7x0.9731
0.839
8.0455
79
15
S.
0.34564
0,29334
7x0.03179
9.95771
0.60343
7x0.8692
+ 0.823
+ 4.0126
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EQUATIONS OF CONDITIONS CCXXXi
FORMATION OP SUPPLEMENTARY EQUATIONS OP CONDITION.
MARS II.
Meridian, Sardiago,
FORMATION OP ADDITIONAL EQUATIONS OP CONDITION.
(mOM DIRECT MEASUREMENT OP DIAMETERS.)
MARIS II.
Meridian^ Santiago,
N°.
Date.
Wash. M. T.
37
1852.— January 29
.4727
38
30
.4689
39
31
.4650
47
Febru'y 10
.4278
obs'd r.
8.10
7.95
7.55
7.00
6.99
6.97
6.95
6.62
- 1.11
0.98
0.60
■ 0.38
log. e.
If^g. s.
0.17595
0.17474
0.17340
0.15300
0.39785
0.39712
0.39032
38422
FORMATION OP EQUATIONS OP CONDITION.
MARS II.
Equatorial, Washington,
N^
Dafe.
Limb,
log. h.
log. C.
log. e.
log. g.
log. S,
log. n.
7.2
s.
1
1851.— Dec.21
S.
nO. 30522
0.21250
7?0. 12038
0.02396
719.81351
0.8573
+ 1.117
— 0.6509
2
22
S.
?20.29437
0.19080
7:0.12362
0.02760
7?9. 83347
0.4914
1.136
0.6315
3
26
s.
nO. 24801
0.09808
710.13606
0.04182
719.89409
0.8388
1.212
0.7836
4
27
s.
nO. 2.3560
0.07326
710.13901
0.04526
7i9. 90.531
0.5315
1.232
0.804L
5
30
s.
wO. 19613
9.99432
710.14745
0.05528
7:9.93064
0.7634
1.290
0.8524
6
31
s.
710.18212
9.96630
710.15011
0.05849
n9. 93671
0.7160
1.309
— 0.8644
'
1852.— Jan. 1
N,
710.16745
9.93696
0.15268
0.06264
0.59890
7i0.5051
1.334
4- 3.9710
4.0U49
8
4
N.
710.12112
9.84430
0.16177
0.07065
0.60259
0.5911
1.385
9
5
N.
710.10443
9.81092
0,16389
0.07308
0. 60389
0.9243
1.400
4.0169
10
10
N.
710.00976
9.62158
0.17134
0.08581
0.61256
0.8388
1.485
+ 4.0979
11
16
S.
7z9. 85965
9.32136
710.178^0
0.09658
729.88829
0.7404
1.560
— 7732
12
17
N.
7i9.82t68
9.25942
0.17909
0.09790
0.63053
0.6335
i.-^ro
+ 4.2710
4.5325
13
25
N.
719.44026
8.48258
0.17936
0.10256
65634
TiO.O 00
1.G03
14
27
N.
719.24545
8.09296
0.17794
0. 10209
0G349
0.6021
1.601
+ 4.6078
— 0.1571
15
Feb. 1
S.
8.86368
7.32942
710.17192
0.09809
729.19618
0.2041
1.571
16
2
N.
9.08945
7.78096
0.17030
0.09682
0.68652
710.0414
1.562
+ 4.8587
4,9514
4
N.
9.34731
8.29608
0.16669
0.09383
0.69473
9.4771
1.541
18
8
S.
9.62506
8.85218
710.15802
0.08818
9.43696
719.3010
1.487
0.2735
19
9
N.
9.67355
8.94915
0.15557
0.08395
0.71640
719.4771
1 472
5.2047
20
18
S.
9.96379
9.52964
710.12930
0.05869
0.02386
9.6021
1.310
1.05G5
21
19
N.
9.98670
9.57546
0.12801
0.05541
0.76483
710.4914
1.290
5.8187
22
20
S.
0.00847
9.61900
710.12261
0. 052 14
0.09237
nO.5563
1.272
I 2370
23
21
N.
0.02919
9.66044
0.11918
0.04862
0.77534
710.9294
1.251
5.9813
24
Mar. 12
• N.
0.31528
0.23282
0.01351
9.97023
0.89289
711.0086
0.872
7.8143
25
13
S.
0., 32.564
0.25334
TiO. 03959
9.96605
0.57264
710.9191
0.855
3.7380
26
14
N.
0.33575
0.273.56
0.03568
9.96189
, 90555
710.9138
0.839
8.0455
27
15
S.
0.34564
0.29334
710.03179
9.95771
0.60343
710.9031
+ 0.823
+ 4.0126
log. n.
710.0453
7i9.9912
719.7782
7i9.5798
w.
D 3.
Limb.
log. h.
log. C.
log. g.
log. S,
log. n.
k\
S,
p.
1
1852.-Jan. 24
N.S.
7z9,51690
8.63586
719.66275
9.405,52
0.2041
-fO.212
4-0.2544
3 92
2
23
N.S.
7J.9. 36013
8.32232
7t9. 65705
9.52868
0.206
0.3378
3
33
N.S.
718.43862
6.47930
719.58689
9.76827
0.149
0.5865
4
Feb. 2
N.S.
9.08058
7.76322
719.6137 i
9.85449
9.9542
0.169
0.7153
4 31
5
3
N.S.
9.23163
8.06526
719.59988
9.89437
0.2304
0.158
+0.7841
4.15
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EQUATIONS OF CONDITION.
FORMATION OF ADDITIONAL EQUATIONS OF CONDITION,
MARS II.
Equatorial^ WasMngton,
N°.
Date.
Wash. M.T.
obs'd r.
2r.
ii¥o.
^-DA-
*'o-
n.
log. e.
log. S,
log. n.
p.
1
1852.— Jan. 24
.4245
10.17
0.220
//
4- 1.288
II
+ 0.28
II
7.06
II
—2.78
0.18003
0.40031
wO.4440
3.14
2
26
.4169
9.64
0.260
1.209
0.31
7.04
2.24
0. 17905
0.39972
n0.3502
3.86
3
30
.4509
9.57
0.239
1.027
0.25
6.97
2.33
0.17533
0.39749
nO.3674
2.67
4
Feb. 2
.4077
9.53
0.077
0.881
0.07
6.91
2.51
0. 17039
0.39453
wO.3997
3.69
5
3
.4090
9.74
0.299
+ 0.830
4- 0.25
6.88
—2.58
0.16864
0.39348
n0.4116
3.86
FORMATION OF EQUATIONS OF CONDITION.
MARS II.
Meridian^ Greenwich.
(observed center, or both limbs.)
N».
D.ate.
log. h.
log. C.
log. g.
log. S,
log. n.
kK
S,
1
1851.— Dec. 8
nO. 42772
0.45750
7x9.79580
9.75220
7x9.30103
4-0.3905
4-0.5652
2
26
nO. 25040
0.10286
n9. 84487
7x9.32695
0.74819
0.4895
—0.2123
3
1852.— Jan. 5
,iO. 10775
9.81756
719.85804
7x9.53882
0.81954
0.5201
0.3458
4
7
nO. 07260
9 74726
7x9.85916
7x9.53920
0.77815
0.5228
0.3461
5
9
710.03435
9.67076
7x9.85961
7x9.52840
0.86923
0,5239
0.3376
6
20
n9. 72785
9.05776
7x9.85241
7x9.12090
0.57978
0.5068
0.1321
7
22
n9. 63826
8.87858
7x9.84938
7x8.82020
0.62325
0.4998
0.0661
8
23
7x9.58541
8.77288
7x9.84770
7x8.47567
0.76343
0.49J9
—0.0299
9
28
7x9.13333
7.86872
7x9.83752
9.26387
0.59106
0.4732
4-0.1836
10
29
n8. 93513
7.47232
7x9.83517
9.36680
0.41497
0.4681
0.2327
11
30
7x8.56015
6.72236
7x9.83274
9.45301
0.39794
0.4629
0.2838
12
Feb. 3
9.21196
8.02598
7x9.82220
9.70706
9.95424
0.4410
0.5094
13
6
9.49464
8.59134
7x9.81355
9.84528
9.30103
0.4237
0.7003
14
9
9.66445
8.93096
7x9.80438
9.95890
7x9,60206
0.4062
0.9097
15
10
9.70895
9.01996
7x9.80124
9.99277
7x9.47712
0.4004
0.9835
16
11
9.74930
9.10066
7x9.79805
0.02507
7x9.95424
0.3945
1.0594
17
14
9.85182
9.30570
7x9.78827
0.11361
7x0.32222
0.3772
1.2990
18
18
9.95915
9.52036
7i9. 77484
0.21648
7x0.20412
0.3546
1.6462
19
20
0.00428
9.61062
r.9. 76802
0.26286
7x0,65321
0.3436
1.8317
20
26
0.11693
9.83592
7x9.74742
0.38657
7x0.74819
0.3125
2.4354
21
28
0.14881
9,89968
7x9.74057
0.42359
7x0.72428
0.3028
2.6521
22
Mar. 2
0.19264
9.98734
7x9.73038
0.47.596
7x0.73239
0.2889
2.9920
23
3
0.20632
0.01470
7x9". 72701
0.49263
7x0.70757
0.2845
3.1091
24
4
0.21957
0.04120
719.72365
0.50900
7x0.80618
0.2801
3.2283
25
5
0.23245
0.06696
7x9.72033
0.52496
7x0,72428
0.2758
3.3493
26
6
0.24495
0.09196
719.7170 1
0.54062
nO. 85126
0.2717
3.4723
27
8
0.26892
0.1399a
«9. 71045
0.57102
nO. 86923
0.2635
3.7241
28
9
0.28042
0.16290
7x9.70719
0.58578
7x0.82607
O.2602
3.8528
29
12
0.31322
0.22850
7x9.69757
0.62848
7x0.86332
0.2484
4.2509
30
17
0.36292
0.32790
7x9.68217
0.69 180
7x0.90849
0.2314
4.9529
31
18
0.37222
0.34650
719.67918
0.70751
7x0.98677
0.2282
5.0992
32
20
0.39023
0.38252
7x9.67331
0.73229
7x0.94448
0.2221
5.3975
33
22
0.40752
0.41710
7x9.66780
0.75612
nO. 91908
0.2166
§.7032
34
23
0.41592
0.43390
n9. 66477
0.76785
7x0 88649
0.2136
5.8594
35
25
0.43224
0.46654
n9. 65924
0.79078
710.95904
0.2082
6.1770
36
27
' 0.44796
0.49798
^9 65389
0.81306
rxO. 99564
0.2031
4-6.5021
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EQUATIONS OF CONDITION,
CCXXXlll
FORMATION OP EQUATIONS OP CONDITION,
MARS II.
Meridian^ Cape of Good Hope,
(observed center.)
^N°.
Date.
log. J.
log. C.
log. g.
log. S.
log. n.
h\
S,
1
1851— Dec. 22
nO. 29707
0.19620
0.02949
0.21998
0.60959
1.15
+1.6595
2
26
n0.25102
0.10410
0.04369
0.20252
0.57634
1.22
1.5941
3
29
nO. 21298
0.02802
0.05389
0.19474
0.54654
1.28
1.5658
4
30
nO. 19951
0.00108
0.05717
0.19318
0.60206
1.30
1,5602
5
1852— Jan. 1
nO. 17127
9.94460
0.06354
0.19153
0.65225
1.34
1.5543
6
2
nO. 15644
9.91494
0.06661
0.19151
0.63043
1.36
1.5542
7
3
nO. 14107
9.88420
0.06959
0.19195
0.47276
1.38
1.5558
8
5
nO. 10861
9.81928
0.07532
0.19451
0.50651
1.41
1.5649
9
9
wO. 03537
9.67280
0.08556
0.20515
0.41830
1.48
1.6038
10
10
nO. 01494
9.63194
0.08783
0.20890
0.35793
1.50
1.6177
11
12
n9. 97100
9.54406
0.09200 .
0.21762
0.44091
1.53
1.6505
12
13
. n9. 94724
9.49654
0.09391
0.22259
0.52375
1.54
1.6695
13
14
n9. 92210
9.44626
0.09566
9.22789
0.50651
1.55
1.6900
14
15
719.89540
9.39286
0.09727
0.23353
0.37291
1.57
1.7121
15
16
n9. 86698
9.33602
0.09875
0.23952
0.40140
1.58
1.7359
16
19
n9. 76845
9.13896
0.10225
0.25921
0.30103
1.60
1.8154
17
20
n9. 72992
9.06190
0.10311
0.26633
0.16732
1.61
1.8464
18
21
n9. 68764
8.97734
0.10384
0.27367
0.42651
1.61
1.8779
19
22
n9. 64080
8.88369
0.10435
0.28122
0.07188
1.62
1.9108
20
23
n9. 58829
8.77864
0.10473
0.28899
9.86923
1.62
1.9453
21
24
n9. 52855
8.65916
0.10493
0.29693
9.11394
1.62
1.9812
22
26
n9. 37676
8.35558
0.10486
0.31338
9.70757
1.62
2.0577
23
27
n9. 27484
8.15174
0.10456
0.32183
7x9.79934
1.62
2.0981
24
29
718.94785
7.49776
0.10351
0.33917
719.51851
1.61
2.1836
25
Feb. 2
9.04355
7.68916
0.09950
0.37530
710.26007
1.58
2.3730
26
3
9.20509
8.01224
0.09809
0.38455
719.94939
1.56
2.4241
27
4
9.32257
8.24720
0.09656
0.39391
710.10380
1.56
2.4769
28
5
9.41411
8.43028
0.09488
0.40324
710.29447
1.55
2.5307
29
6
9.49108
8.58422
0.09307
0.41283
710.25768
1.54
2.5872
30
7
9.55583
8.71372
0.09112
0.42238
710.33646
1.52
2.6447
31
9
9.66204
8. 92614
0.08682
0.44168
710.55991
1.49
2,7649
32
10
9.70677
9.01560
0.08447
0.45139
710.58433
1.48
2.8274
33
11
9.74732
9.09670
0.08201
0.46114
710.62014
1.46
2.8916
34
12
9.78440
9.17086
0.07944
0.47094
nO. 51455
1.44
2.9576
35
13
9,81857
9.23920
0.07675
0.48077
710.38021
1.42
3.0253
36
14
9.85025
9.30256
0.07395
0.49063
^710.44248
1.41
3.0948
37
16
9.90742
9.41690
0.06805
0.51040
^710.60097
1.37
3.2389
38
17
9.93341
9.46888
0.06497
0.52030
710.69548
1.35
3.3136
39
18
9.95793
9.51792
0.06179
0.53021
710.68305
1.33
3.3901
40
19
9.98114
9.56434
0.05853
0.54014
710.70672
1.31
3.4685
41
20
0.00318
9.60842
0.05517
0.55008
710.81090
1.29
3.5488
42
21
0.02415
9.65036
0.05175
0.56001
710.58883
1.27
3.6309
43
23
0.06329
9.72864
0.04470
0.57985
710.81491
1.22
3.8006
44
24
0. 08161
9.76528
0.04109
0.58977
nO. 86510
1.21
3.8884
45
25
0.09919
9.80044
0.03741
0.59969
710.87622
1.19
3.9782
46
28
0.14802
9.89810
0.02607
0.62920
710.90526
1.13
+4.2579
Z 60
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EQUATIONS OF CONDITION.
FORMATION OF EQUATIONS OF CONDITION.
MARS II.
Meridian, Kremsmunster.
(observed center. )
N».
Date.
log. 6.
log. C.
log. g.
log. S,
log. n.
h\
S,
1
1852--Jan.
20
n9. 72943
9.06092
n9. 80011
718.71850
0.00000
+ 0.398
— 0.0523
2
24
n9. 52777
8.65760
n9. 79257
8.94498
0.39794
0.385
+ 0.0881
3
Feb.
8
9.61282
8.82770
n9. 75141
9.96052
9.47712
0.318
0.9131
4
9
9.66261
8.92728
n9. 74818
9,99317
9.30103
0.314
0.9844
5
10
9.70728
9.01662
719.74494
0.02441
9.47712
0.309
1.0578
6
24
0.08183
9,76572
n9. 69755
0.36021
710.36173
0.248
2.2920
7
25
0.09940
9.80086
n9. 69414
0.37929
nO. 76343
0.245
2.3949
8
26
0.11628
9.83462
n9. 69075
0.39789
710.25527
0.241
2.4997
9
Mar.
6
0.24446
0.09098
n9. 66101
0.54786
0.43136
0.210
3.5307
10
7
0.25663
0.11532
n9. 65783
0.56288
710.88081
0.207
3.6549
11
8
0.26846
0.13898
719.65466
0.57763
710.54407
0.204
3.7812
12
14
0.33340
0.26886
719.63630
0.66079
711.03743
0.187
4.5792
13
16
0.35305
0.30816
719.63042
0.68669
710.88081
+ 0.182
-f. 4.8606
Hosted by
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EQUATIONS OF CONDITION,
CCXXXV
FORMATION OF EQUATIONS OF CONDITION.
VENUS I,
Equatorial^ Santiago,
N\
Date.
Limb.
log. h.
log. C.
log. e.
log./.
1
log. S,
log. n.
Z:2.
5.
p.
1
I850.-Oct. 19
N.
nO. 45226
0.50658
0.24506
TzO. 36914
9.91385
0.41766
0.5911
+ 0.673
+ 2.6161
5.02
2
20
N.
nO. 44462
0.49130
0.25080
710.11035
9.89115
0.55467
0.4624
0.606
3.5865
5.13
3
22
N.
nO. 42872
0.45950
0.26264
0.23558
9.90385
0.81619
0.2788
0.642
6.5493
5.20
4
23
N.
wO. 42059
0.44324
0.26862
710.45801
9.90074
0.28377
0.6021
0.633
1.9221
5.29
5
24
N.
wO. 41237
0.42680
0.27461
710.02861
9.87639
0.56272
0.5563
0.566
3,6536
5.26
6
25
N.
nO. 40372
0.40950
0.28077
0.23646
9.94802
0.81649
0.1761
0.787
6.5537
5.04
7
26
N.
nO. 39521
0.39248
0,28693
0.27582
9.89323
0.81888
0.6021
0.612
6.5899
5.15
8
29
N.
nO. 36838
0.33882
0.30578
0.77572
9.85101
1.02302
710.1139
0.504
10.5444
3.10
9
N.
nO. 36782
0.33770
0.3G617
0.75834
0.00090
1.02539
710.0000
1.004
10.6020
3.48
10
30
N.
«0.3i^64
0.31934
0.31246
0.53606
9.95368
0.91332
rt9.6990
0.808
8.1906
3.75
11
31
N.
nO. 34900
0.30006
0.31899
9.45834
9.96579
0.70396
0.0792
0.854
5.0578
3.38
12
Nov. 1
N.
wO. 33931
0.28068
0.32546
0.52297
9.93819
0.90510
0.0000
0.745
8.0372
4.99
13
2
N.
nO. 32916
0.26038
0.33210
0.28396
9.96853
0.82535
0.0000
0.865
6.6888
5.13
14
4
N.
nO. 30856
0.21918
0,34545
8.67761
9.92514
0.67451
0.1461
0.708
4.7262
4.39
15
6
N.
nO. 28655
0.17516
0.35922
0.24289
9.97340
0.81552
9.9542
0.885
6.5391
4.78
16
7
N.
nO. 27520
0.15246
0.36613
0.27421
9.97844
0.82551
710.0792
0.905
6.6913
4.72
17
8
N.
nO. 26356
0.12918
0.37308
0.35740
9.98672
0.85248
77,9.6990
0.941
7.1197
4.75
18
10
N.
710.23955
0.08116
0.S8699
710.16224
9.92688
0.51843
9.0000
0.714
3.2994
1.66
19
11
N.
nO. 22639
0.05484
0.39435
719.09061
0.03273
0.68885
9.6021
1.163
4.8849
4.95
20
13
N.
nO. 19984
0.00174
0.40866
0.33949
0.02824
0.85940
719.4771
1.139
7.2346
4.98
21
14
N.
nO. 18590
9.97386
0.41587
0.08486
0.06303
0.80515
0.0792
1.337
6.3848
5.05
22
15
N.
nO. 17200
9.94606
0.42285
9.21139
9.98703
0.71418
719.0000
0.942
5.1782
3.06
23
N.
nO. 17154
9.94514
0.42308
9.40243
0.06865
0.73797
9.3010
1.372
5.4697
4.44
24
16
N.
nO> 15674
9.91554
0.43026
710.16741
0.06661
0.57717
0.1461
1.359
3.7772
4.79
25
17
N.
nO. 14158
9.88522
0.43739
0,15851
0.04133
0.823.50
719.8451
1.210
6.6605
4.40
26
18
N.
nO. 12533
9.85272
0.44474
0.25924
0.09638
0.85898
0.0792
1.559
7.2273
4.69
27
21
N.
nO. 07387
9.74980
0.46613
718.84361
0.09161
0.73774
0.1761
1.525
5.4669
5.20
28
24
N.
nO. 01487
9.63180
0.48724
9.54432
0.15911
0.79637
9.8451
2.081
6.2570
2.61
29
25
N.
n9. 99326
9.58858
0.49410
8.97081
0.18257
0.78809
719.6021
2.318
6.1389
4.17
30
26
N.
«9. 97003
9.54212
0.50099
0.42493
0.24616
0.95460
9.6990
3.107
9.0075
3.12
31
28
N.
719.92158
9.44522
0.51380
0.34820
0.21362
0.93314
710.0792
2.674
8,5733
4.13
32
29
N.
719.89453
9.39112
0.52010
0.44737
0.24244
0.96955
0.5315
3.054
9.3228
1.64
33
30
N.
719.86609
9.33424
0.52613
0.02551
0.24467
0.88404
719.8451
3.085
+ 7.6567
4.35
34
Dec. 3
S.
719.76708
9.13622
710.54287
0.20978
0.27371
719.64286
9.8451
3.527
— 0.4394
3.82
35
1851 — Jan. 6
S.
0.05510
9.71226
710.48344
710.26465
0.18047
710.23484
0.8325
2.295
— 1.7173
3.61
36
7
s.
0.07382
9.74970
710.47643
9.19507
0.17018
9.58939
0.8195
2; 190
+ 0.3885
3.61
37
8
s.
0.09106
9.78418
710.46963
0.24339
0.15789
0.31865
710-2304
2.069
2.0828
3.91
38
9
s.
0.10827
9.81860
710.46251
0.46683
0.15175
0.53006
710.3617
2.011
3.3889
4.31
39
10
s.
0.12479
9.85164
710.45537
0.57124
0.14853
0.63587
710.4472
1.982
4.3238
4.75
40
11
s.
0.14056
9.88318
710.44824
0.61711
0.15859
0.69206
tiO.6335
2.076
4.9211
4.13
41
12
s.
0.15621
9.91448
710.44089
0.62390
0.12823
0.70279
nO.6532
1.805
5.0441
5.11
42
14
s.
0.18558
9.97322
710.42634
0.52292
0.10123
0.64350
710.2304
1.594
4.4005
5.31
43
15
s.
0.19946
0.00098
710.41911
9.99034
0.09731
0.34033
7iO.7404
1.565
2.1894
5.13
44
16
s.
0.20295
0.02796
nO. 41188
719.22737
0.09001
0.05771
710.4914
1.514
+ 1.1421
5.00
45
17
s.
0.22605
0.05416
710.40465
nO. 18808
0.08043
718.79099
nO.3424
1.449
— 0.0618
4.74
46
18
s.
0.23866
0.07938
710.39751
0.24180
0.08232
0.53011
710.6532
1.461
+ 3.3893
4.47
47
20
s.
0.26303
0.12812
nO. 38322
719.77909
0.06417
0.11949
710.5185
1,344
1,3167
4.87
48
24
s.
0.30803
0.21812
710.35515
0.24241
0.02619
0.62625
710.6532
1.128
+ 4.2291
4.43
49
26
s.
0.32890
0.25986
710.34144
710.52856
0.00847
719.77866
710.4150
1.040
— 0.6007
4.96
50
27
s.
0.33896
0.27998
710.33467
0.22290
9.99928
0.66238
710.6721
0.997
+ 4.5960
4.31
51
28
s.
0.34881
0.29968
710.32796
719.99269
9.98932
0.32033
710..5682
0.952
2.0909
4.71
52
Feb. 5
s.
0.42038
0.44282
710.27670
9.68726
9.92999
0.68588
710.5052
0.724
4.8516
5.15
53
N.
0.42045
0.44296
0.27665
9.91190
9.91705
1.03900
710.7243
0.682 1
10.9394
4.98
54
6
N. S.
0.42864
0.45934
—
0.08575
9.90467
0.93369
710.6721
0.645
8.5840
5.12 1
55
7
N. S.
0.43660
0.47526
—
719.86297
9.91007
0.83273
710.3617
0.661
6.8035
4.69
56
10
N. S.
0.45984
0.52174
—
719.29710
9.88174
0.89048
710,6990
+ 0.580
+ 7.7710
4.79
Hosted by
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CCXXXVl
EQUATIONS OF CONDITIOK.
FORMATION OF ADDITIONAL EQUATIONS OF CONDITION.
VBarus I.
Equatorial^ Santiago,
N».
Date.
Wash. M.T.
Obs'd r.
2r.
\i>A.
^rD,8,,
To'
n.
log. e.
log. S,
log. n.
p.
54
55
56
1851.~Feb. 6
7
10
. .6627
.6551
.6604
17,03
16.17
15 94
0.439
0.603
1.049
—0.700
0.653
—0.488
II
—0.31
—0.39
—0.51
II
16.15
15.92
15.29
II
—1.32
-0.69
—1.25
0.27052
0.26451
0.24672
C. 45701
0.45312
0.44168
ftO.1206
710.8388
n0.0969
5.00
4.24
4.24
FORMATION OF ADDITIONAL EQUATIONS OF CONDITION,
VENUS I.
Equatorial^ Santiago,
(filOM DIRECT MEASUREMENT OF DIAMEl'ERS )
N°.
Date.
Wash. »I.T.
obs'd r.
N°. Obs.
n.
n.
log. e.
log. S,
log. n.
i>-
1850.-lfov. 15
.2796
II
23 69
5
//
22.94
II
— 0.75
0.42284
0.56199
n9.8751
3.00
19
.30SO
23.17
4
24.53
+ 1.36
0.45194
0.58332
0.1319
2.68
Dec. 5
.3007
31,55
10
30.93
— 0.62
0.55272
0.65996
n9.7959
4.00
48
1851.— Jan. 24
.6925
20.06
10
19.62
— 0.44
0.35486
0.51374
n9.6484
4.00
49
28
.7000
19.88
10
19.00
— 0.88
0.34111
0.50425
W9.9445
4.00
50
27
.7050
19.04
10
18.71
— 0.33
0.33431
0.49959
n9. 5185
4.00
51
28
.6885
18.90
10
18.43
— 0.47
0.32771
0.49509
n9.6721
4.00
52,53
Feb. 5
.7020
17.06
10
16.37
— 0.70
0.27639
0.46085
n9.8420
4.00
54
6
.7077
16.60
10
16.14
— 0.46
0.27024
0.45684
n9.6674
4.00
55
7
.7011
16.81
10
15.92
— 0.90
0.26424
0.45295
W9.9518
4.00
56
10
.7087
15.84
10
15.28
— 0.56
0.24644
0.44150
n9.7520
4.00
FORMATION OF EQUATIONS OF CONDITION.
VENUS 1.
31eridian, Santiago,
N».
Date.
Limb.
log. b.
log. C,
log. e.
log.^.
log. S,
log. n.
F.
S.
1
I850.-Oct. 19
N.
nO. 45409
0.51024
0.24368
9.31194
0.63852
1.11727
-^ 0.042
^ 4.3503
2
20
N.
nO. 44639
a 49484
0,24946
9.30937
0.63446
1.08636
0.042
4,3098
3
21
N.
nO. 43855
0.47916
0.25535 _
9.30565
0,63057
0.77815
0.041
4.2714
4
22
N.
nO. 43057
0.46320
0.26128
9.30210
0,62693
0.73239
0,040
4.2358
5
23
N.
nO. 42245
0.44696
0.26727
9.29903
0.62358
0.84510
0.040
4,2032
6
24
N.
nO. 41416
0.43088
0.273.32
9.29646
0,62046
0.92942
0.039
4.1731
7
25
N.
nO. 40571
0.41348
0,27944
9.29450
0.61763
0.8061d
0.039
4.1460
8
26
N.
nO. 39709
0.39624
0.28562
9.29313
0.61509
0.039
4.1218
9
27
N.
nO. 38831
0.37868
0.29186
9.29235
0,61285
0.75587
0.038
4.1007
10
SB
N.
nO. 37934
0.36074
0e29816
9.29218
0.61091
0.84510
0.038
4,0824
11
30
N.
nO. 36082
0.32370
0.31098
9.29398
0.60804
0.50515
0,039
4.0555
12
31
N.
nO. 35126
0.30458
0,31746
9.29581
0.60701
0.74036
0.039
4.0459
13
Nov. 1
N.
nO. 34148
9.28502
0.32401
9.29835
0.60636
0.90849
0.040
4.0399
14
2
N.
nO. 33149
0.2B504
0.33064
9.30179
0,60608
0.56820
0.040
4,0372
15
4
N.
nO. 31077
0.22360
0.34405
9.31063
0.60646
+ 0.042
-f- 4.0408
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EQUATIONS OF CONDITION,
VJE-NUS. lo
Meridian^ Santiago — Continued.
CCXXXVll
N°.
Date.
Limb.
log. J.
log. C.
log. e.
log. g.
log. S,
log. n.
h\
s.
16
17
1850,^^Nov. 5
N.
710.30002
0.20210
0.35085
9.31623
0.60717
0.41497
+ 0.043
+ 4,0474
7
N.
nO. 27771
0.15748
0.36461
9.32945
0.60963
0.76343
0.046
4.0704
18
8
N.
nO, 26611
0.13428
0.37157
9.33718
0.61139
0.79239
0,047
4.0869
19
10
N.
n0.24195
0.08596
0.38562
9.35480
0.61593
0.68124
0.051
4.1298
20
11
N.
nO. 22935
0.06076
0.39272
9.36454
0.61869
0.79934
0.054
4.1561
21
13
N.
nO. 20298
0.00802
0.40700
9.38614
0.62518
0.30103
0.059
4.2187
^
14
N.
nO. 18918
9.98042
0.41419
9.39776
0.62892
0.49831
0.062
4. 2552
23
15
N.
nO. 17492
9.95190
0.42140
9.40992
0.63290
0.88081
0.066
4.2944
24
16
N.
nO. 16019
9.92244
0.42861
9.42273
0.63730
0.75587
0.070
4.3381
25
17
N.
nO. 14493
9.89192
0.43584
9.43609
0.64193
0.44716
0.074
4.3846
26
18
N.
nO. 12910
9.86026
0.44306
9.44991
0.64682
7x9.77815
0.079
4.4342
27
19
N.
nO. 11271
9.82748
0.45025
9.46401
0.65196
0.62325
0.085
4.4870
28
20
N.
nO. 09566
9.79338
0.45742
9.47862
0.65733
0.51851
0,091
4 . 5429
29
21
N.
nO. 07792
9.75790
0.46456
9.49357
0.66298
0,66276
0.097
+ 4.6023
— 3.2924
30
23
S.
«0. 04011
9.68228
nO. 47865
9.52358
7x0.51751
0.14613
0.111
31
26
N.
«9, 97644
9.55494
0.49917
9.57266
0.69387
0.41497
0.140
+ 4.9417
5.0177
32
27
N.
n9. 95293
9.50792
0.50577
9.58931
0.70050
0.30103
0.151
33
28
N.
n9. 92811
9.45828
0.51223
9.60587
0.70729
0.69897
0.163
5.0968
34
30
N.
n9. 90189
9.40584
0.52460
9.63925
0.71926
0.47712
0.190
5.2391
35
Dec. 2
N.
n9.81165
9.22536
0.53615
9.67262
0.73458
0.49136
0.221
5.4273
36
4
N.
n9. 73916
9.08038
0.54664
9.70557
0.74819
0.63347
0.258
5.6000
37
5
N.
n9. 69781
8.99768
0.55145
9.72182
0.75494
0.59106
0.271
5.6878
38
8
N.
n9. 54316
8.68838
0.56382
9.76895
0.77450
0.49136
0.345
5.9497
39
10
N.
719.39742
8.39690
0.57014
9.79848
0.78678
0.75587
0.395
6.1205
40
(12)
N.
719.17649
7.95504
0.57471
9.82605
0.79829
0.81291
0.449
+ 6.2847
41
(13)
S.
7^9.00156
7.60206
710.57622
9.83811
7x0.50195
0.51851
0.474
— 3.1765
42
21
S.
9.54131
8.68468
710.56888
9.92114
7x0.39366
0.74819
0.695
2.4755
43
22
S.
9.59926
8.80058
710.56574
9.92620
7x0.37562
0.20412
0.711
2.3748
44
29
s.
9.87279
9.34764
nO. 53348
9.93853
7x0.10835
0.56820
0.754
1.5789
45
31
s.
9.92714
9.45634
710.52168
9.93539
7x0.12424
0.70757
0.744
1.3312
46
47
48
185] .—Jan. 5
6
7
s.
s.
s.
0.03942
0.05877
0.07729
9.68090
9.71960
9.75664
nO. 48901
7t0. 48209
710.47509
9.91822
9.91208
9.90651
7x9.83270
7x9.73926
7x9.61690
9.60206
0.686
0.667
0.650
0.6803
0.5486
0.4139
49
50
8
9
s.
s.
0.09504
0.11211
9.79214
9.82628
TiO. 46801
710.46087
9.90055
9.89421
7x9.44436
7x9.14983
0.07918
0.633
0.614
0.2782
0.1412
51
10
s.
0.12854
9.85914
7x0.45376
9.88757
7x7.55630
9.90309
0,596
— 0.0036
52
11
s.
0.14437
9.89080
710.44648
9.88058
9.13354
0.38021
0.577
+ 0.1360
0.2761
53
12
s.
0.15964
9.92134
710.43925
9.87337
9.44107
7x9.95424
0.558
54
13
s.
0.17439
9.95084
710.43200
9.86586
9.62066
9.60206
0.539
0.4175
55
14
s.
0.18866
9.97938
710.42475
9.85812
9.74796
9,84510
0.520
0.5597
56
15
s.
0.20248
0.00702
710.41751
9.85021
9.84720
9.47712
0.502
0.7034
57
16
s.
0.21587
0.03380
710.41028
9.84210
9.92834
9.84510
0.483
0.8479
58
17
s.
0.22886
0.05978
7i0. 40307
9.83382
9.99730
9.77815
0.465
0.9938
59
20
s.
0.26567
0.13340
nO. 38163
9.80829
0.15791
7x0 32222
0.414
1.4385
1.5891
60
21
s.
0.27728
0.15662
710.37456
9. 79958
0.20115
7x0.00000
0.397
61
23
s.
0.28858
0.17922
710,36754
9.79084
0.24075
7x9.00000
0.382
1 . 7408
62
23
s.
0.29961
0.20128
»iO. 36571
9.78720
0.27286
ttO. 43136
0.375
1.8744
2 . 0492
63
64
24
s.
0.31035
0.22276
7x0.35365
9.77323
0.31158
7x0.27875
0.352
25
s.
0.32084
0.24374
710.34679
9.76442
0.34345
7x0.51851
0.338
2.2052
2.3628
65
26
s.
0.33108
0.26422
7x0.33998
9.75557
0.37342
7x9.77815
0.324
66
67
27
s.
0.34109
0.28424
7x0.33323
9.74679
0.40170
7x0.23045
0.312
2.5217
2.6821
3.6760
4.0208
28
s.
0.35087
0.30380
7x0.32655
9.73805
0.42848
7x9.77815
0.299
68
Feb. 3
s.
0.40536
0,41278
7x0.28781
9.68717
0.56538
0.00000
0.237
69
70
5
s.
0.42210
0.44626
7x0.27541
9.67111
0.60431
0.00000
0.220
6
s.
0.43024
0.46254
7x0.26932
9.66339
0.62277
7x9.60206
0.212
4.1954
4.3718
71
72
7
s.
0.43823
0.47852
7x0.26329
9.65570
0.64066
0.27875
0.205
10
s.
0.46134
0.52474
7x0.24976
9.63813
0.69001
0.55630
f 0.189
+ 4.8979
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CCXXXVlll
EQUATIONS OF CONDITION.
FORMATION OF ADDITIONAL EQUATIONS OF CONDITION.
VENUS I,
Meridian^ Santiago,
(FROM DIRECT MEASUREMENT OF DIAMETERS.)
N°.
Date.
Wash. M.T.
Obs'd r.
n.
n.
log. e.
log. 5.
log. n.
1
1850.— Oct. 19
.0986
14.94
15.18
II
+ 0.24
0.24368
0.43975
9.3802
2
20
.0985
14.87
15.39
+ 0.52
0.24946
0.44.343
9.7160
3
21
.0984
15,64
15.59
-. 0.05
0.25535
0.44721
n8.6990
4
22
.0983
15,64
15.81
+ 0.17
0,26128
0.45103
9.2304
5
23
.0981
15.92
16.03
0.11
0.26727
0.45491
9.0414
6
24
.0979
15.64
16.25
0.61
0.27332
0.45885
9.7853
7
25
.0977
15.78
16.48
0.70
0.27944
0.46285
9.8451
8
26
.0975
15.78
16.72
0.94
0.28562
0.46691
9.9731
9
27
.0971
15.78
16.96
1.18
0.29186
0.47103
0.0719
11
30
.0960
16.61
17.73
1.11
0.31098
0.48377
0.0473
13
Nov. 1
.0950
16.61
18.27
+ 1.65
0.32401
0.49258
0.2188
16
5
.0924
19.69
19.43
— 0.26
0.35085
0.51097
n9.4150
17
7
.0907
19.06
20.06
-f- 1.00
0.36461
0.52053
0.0000
]8
8
.0898
19.83
20.38
+ 0.55
0.37157
0.52540
9.7404
19
10
.0876
21.22
21.05
— 0.17
0.38562
0.53530
n9.2430
20
11
.0865
21.36
21.40
+ 0.16
0.39272
0.54035
9.2175
21
13
.0839
21.78
22.11
0.32
0.40700
0.55056
9.5119
22
14
.0824
22.34
22.48
0.14
0.41419
0.55574
9.1461
24
16
.0793
22.76
23.24
0.48
0.42851
0.56620
9.6812
25
17
.0776
22.27
23.63
1.36
0.43584
0.57147
0.1335
26
18
,0757
23.73
24.03
0.29
0.44306
0,57676
9,4698
27
19
.0738
23.73
24.43
0.69
0.45025
0.58207
9.8420
28
20
.0717
24.29
24.84
0.54
0.45742
0.58737
9.7364 .
29
21
.0696
25.06
25.25
+ 0.18
0.46456
0.59267
9.2672
30
23
.0649
26.46
26,08
— 0.38
0.47865
0.60321
n9.5855
31
26
.0562
26.46
27.34
+ 0.87
0.49917
0.61870
9.9420
32
27
.0541
26.67
27.72
1.05
0.50577
0.62373
0.0212
33
28
.0511
27.16
28.18
1.02
0.51223
0.62865
0.0086
35
Dec. 2
.0379
29.74
29.77
0.03
0.53615
0.64707
8.4771
35
4
.0305
29.18
30.50
1.31
0.54664
0.65521
0.1189
37
5
.0267
30.46
30,84
0.38
0.55145
0.65898
9.5798
38
8
.0146
30.86
31.74
+ 0.88
0.56382
0.66865
9.9445
39
10
,0060
32.53
32.19
— 0.34
0.57014
0.67362
n9.5378
40
12
.9973
32.53
32.53
— 0.00
0.57471
0.67723
n7.6990
41
13
.9928
31,83
32.65
+ 0.81
0,57622
0.67842
9.9112
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EQUATIONS OF CONDITION.
CCXXXIX
FORMATION OP EQUATIONS OP CONDITION.
VENUS I.
Equatorial, Washington,
(OBSERVED BOTH LIMBS.)
N°.
Date.
log. 6.
log. C.
log. g.
log. S.
log. n»
¥
S.
p.
1
2
I850.-Oct. 19
21
nO. 45285
nO. 43724
0.50776
0.47654
nO. 13267
nO. 14762
i 8.40140 1
1 w9. 16316)
nO.1761
710.5798
+1.841
1.974
+0.0252
—0.1456
3.23
3.54
3
22
nO. 42936
0.46078
710.16277
719.40329
0.5682
2.117
0.2531
3.61
4
28
nO. 37795
0.35796
nO. 19912
7x9.83841
0.6434
2.503
0.6893
3 10
5
Nov. 1
«0. 34004
0.28214
nO. 23012
719.98753
0.6021
2.887
0.9717
3.50
6
2
nO. 33003
0.26212
nO. 23918
710.01870
0.5682
3.009
1.0440
4.28
7
9
nO. 25243
0.10692
nO. 28539
710.15791
0.4914
3.721
1.4385
3.07
8
10
nO. 24029
0.08264
nO. 30309
710.18721
9.3010
4.038
1.5389
2.78
9
13
nO. 20097
0.00400
nO. 31305
nO. 21357
0.5563
4.227
1.6352
3.43
10
14
«0. 18716
9.97638
nO. 32269
710.22889
0.2553
4.420
1.6939
3.44
11
21
wO. 07520
9.75246
nO. 36674
nO. 29010
719.0000
5.582
—1.9503
4 65
12
1851.— Jan. 13
0.17285
9.94776
nO. 31485
0.11757
710.9138
4.263
+1.3109
1.6387
4 81
13
15
0.20084
0.00374
wO. 29178
0.21450
710.6232
3.834
4.83
14
24
0.30913
0.22032
710.23293
0.47549
710.5911
+2.922
+2.9887
3.43
FORMATION OP ADDITIONAL EQUATIONS OP CONDITION.
VENUS I.
Equatorial, Washington,
N°.
Date.
Wash. M.T.
obs'd r.
2r.
iA<?o.
^^A^o.
n.
n.
log. e.
log. 8,
log. n.
p.
2
I850.-Oct. 21
.2638
II
17,57
0.290
II
—1.789
—0.52
15.63
II
—2.37
0.25633
0.44784
710.3747
2.67
3
22
.2482
17.03
0.017
1.676
+0.03
15.84
—1.25
0.26217
0.45160
710.1303
1.84
4
28
.2485
17.98
0.204
0.992
—0.20
17.26
—0.82
0.29913
0.47586
7t9.9138
2 25
5
Nov. 1
.2415
19.25
0.500
0.552
—0.28
18.31
—1.12
0.32498
0.49324
n0.0492
2 67
6
2
.2382
20.32
0.118
—0.444
—0.05
18.59
—1,68
0.33160
0.49774
nO.2253
3.69
7
9
.2346
23.63
0.332
+0.283
+0.09
20.74
—2.68
0.37960
0.53105
»i0.4281
2.25
8
10
.2362
19.83
0.221
0.385
+0.09
21.10
+1.25
0.38667
0.53605
0.0969
1.71
8
.2208
22.14
0.404
0.383
—0.16
21.10
—1.09
0.38656
0.53597
710.0374
1.95
13
.2313
22.32
0.297
0.677
+0.20
22.17
+0.18
0.40806
0.55132
9.2553
2 67
10
14
.2259
22.73
211
0.774
+0.16
22.54
—0.90
0.41523
0.55649
719.9542
2.67
11
21
.2188
25.07
0.030
+1.444
—0.04
25.31
+0.06
0.46562
0,59347
8.7782
4.06
12
I851.-Jan. 13
.7770
24.82
0.139
—0.159
—0.02
23.47
—1.45
0.43277
0.56923
n0.1614
4.24
13
15
.7592
24.55
0.119
-0.355
—0.04
22.70
—1.98
0.41839
0.55877
nO.2967
4 57
14
24
,7533
20.59
0.129
+0.868
-0.11
19.60
—1.18
0.35444
0.51345
n0.0719
2.67
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ccxl
EQUATIONS OF CONDITION.
FORMATION OP EQUATIONS OP CONDITION.
VENUS I.
Meridian^ Greenwich,
N°.
Date.
Limb.
log. h.
log. C.
log. g.
log. S,
log. n.
h^
5.
1
1850.— Oct. 15
S.
nO. 48361
0.56928
nO. 20788
719.97763
0.55991
+ 2.605
— 0.9498
2
16
c.
nO. 47642
0.55490
710.21377
718.63043
0.63949
2.676
— 0.0427
3
21
N.
wO. 43856
0.47918
710.24384
9.71265
0.93952
3.074
4- 0.5160
4
Nov. 11
N.
nO. 22905
0.06016
710.38264
7i9. 98195
0.58092
5.825
— 0.9593
5
28
N.
n9. 92572
9.45350
nO. 49961
nO. 23505
0.85248
9.982
1.7181
6
29
N.
n9. 89907
9.40020
nO. 50562
710.24175
0.919C8
10.262
1.7448
7
Dec. 6
N.
w9. 64481
8.89168
710.54083
tiO. 26423
0.83315
12.069
1.8375
8
27
0.
9.80392
9.20990
nO. 51795
710.17519
1.00432
10.862
— 1.4969
9
1851.— Jan. 8
N.
0.09162
9.78530
710.43816
0.04230
9.64345
7.522
+ 1.1023
10
17
N.
0.22635
0.05476
710.37348
0.39010
0.15534
5.584
2.4553
11
22
N.
0.28639
0.17484
7i0. 33861
0.51171
7i9. 74036
4.756
3.2487
12
29
N.
0.35858
0.31922
710.29234
0.64430
n9. 84510
3.843
4.4086
13
Feb. 2
N.
0.39502
0.39210
710.26725
0.70754
710.37291
3.424
5.0996
14
3
S.
0.40388
0.40942
710.26149
0.51511
710.40140
3.334
3.2742
15
5
N.
0.42049
0.44.304
710.24905
0.75069
710.41996
3.148
5.6324
16
7
N.
0.43667
0.47540
710.23720
0.77777
7i0. 14613
2.981
5.9947
17
16
S.
0.50286
0.60778
710.18635
0.75589
710.66464
+ 2.359
+ 5.7002
FORMATION OP EQUATIONS OF CONDITION.
VENUS I.
Meridian y AUona,
(OBSERVED CENTER.)
N°.
Date.
log. &.
log. C.
log. g.
log. S.
log. n.
Jc\
S.
I
2
1851.— Jan. 27
31
0.33887
0.37693
0.27980
0.35592
710.31094
710.28517
0.48296
0,57089
n9.0000
710.3802
4- 4.187
+ 3.718
+ 3.041
+ 3.723
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EQUATIONS OF CONDITION.
ccxli
N°.
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
FOEMATION OF EQUATIONS OF CONDITION.
VENUS II
Equatorial^ Santiago,
Date.
1852.— May 30
June 2
3
12
15
22
23
24
July 6
30
31
Aug. 4
8
12
13
16
21
22
23
28
Sept. 1
2
3
log. h.
N. S.
N. S.
N. S.
N. S.
N. S.
N. S.
N. S.
N.S.
N.
N.
N.S.
N.S.
N.S.
N.S.
N.S.
N.S.
N.S.
N.S.
N.S.
N. S.
N.S.
N.S.
N.S.
N.S.
N.S.
N.S.
N.S.
N.S.
wO. 35929
wO. 32994
nO. 31966
nO. 21424
nO. 17254
nO. 05608
JiO. 03646
710.01608
n9. 64162
n9. 46004
9.89612
9.92288
0.01564
0.09199
0.15723
0.17209
0.21377
0.27523
0.27548
0.28676
0.29792
0.34943
0.38659
0.39537
0.40402
0.42895
0.43693
0.44482
log. C.
0.32064
0.26194
0.24138
0.03054
9.94714
9.71422
9.67498
9.63422
8.88530
8.52214
9.39430
9.44782
9.63334
9.78604
9.91652
9.94624
0.02960
0.15252
0.15302
0, 17558
0.19790
0.30092
0.37524
0.39280
0.41010
0.45996
0.47592
0.49170
0.49487
0.50991
log./.
wO. 33746
wO. 45025
0.22223
nO. 26326
n9. 37273
wO. 14770
n9. 93692
wO,4C651
nO. 01246
w9.. 50461
0.32862
wO. 06696
n9. 53567
0.54521
9.90244
0.14554
0.33141
0.37526
0.38360
n0.20918
n8. 76193
9.38578
0.26193
0.20393
nO. 42746
719.33325
TiO. 20828
0.54732
log.^.
0,10111
0.12686
0.13209
0.17892
0.19429
0.22779
0.22713
0.23395
0.27915
0.28769
0.29677
0.29634
0.27895
0.25372
0.24430
0.24041
0.22129
0.17332
0.19234
0.18127
0.18194
0.15584
0.12868
0.11831
0.11322
0.09292
0.08345
0.07942
log. S.
719.03180
719.89790
0.56575
9.04610
0.23702
9.82217
0.08196
719.64640
0.75100
0.81955
0.78865
0.46679
0.60467
0.91114
0.76456
0.81341
0.87315
0.91215
0.91825
0.63676
0.77999
0.83949
0.95332
0.94784
0.67471
0.88036
0.80092
1.06499
log. n.
710.6532
0.1761
71,0.4150
710.L461
0.3010
710.2041
710.6990
710.3010
710.1139
0.8261
0.6628
0.9395
0.7559
0.9138
0.8865
0.7076
0.7243
0.7324
0.8261
0.8195
0.4914
0.7559
0.8573
1.0899
0.8129
0.8921
0.4150
+ 1.593
1.794
1.838
2.279
2.447
2.855
2.846
2,937
3.616
3.762
3.921
3.914
3.613
3.217
3.080
3.026
2.771
2.221
2.425
2.304
2.311
2.049
1.809
1.721
1.685
1.534
1.469
—0.1076
—0.7905
+3.6792
0.1112
1.7259
0.6640
+1.2077
—0.4430
+5.6364
6.6001
6.1469
2.9295
4.0241
8.1497
5.8152
6.5074
7.4670
8.1686
8,2841
4.3327
6.0254
6.9101
7.5921
6.3230
p.
1.442 +11.6143
3.13
1.55
1.45
2.84
3.00
3.96
2.57
2.82
4.00
2.62
2.18
1.84
1.50
2.90
2.57
3.20
3.02
3.73
1.84
2.34
1.41
2.88
3.20
1.50
3.00
2.82
3.43
Z 70
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ccxlii
EQUATIONS OF CONDITION.
FORMATION OP ADDITIONAL EQUATIONS OF CONDITION.
VENUS II.
Equatorial y Santiago,
N°.
Date.
Wash. M.T.
Obs'd T
2r.
IDA.
^rDA
^^0-
n.
log. e.
log. S.
log. n.
p.
1
1852.— May 30
.2578
II
15.62
0.445
II
—2.370
II
+ 1.05
II
15.40
II
4-0.87
0.25000
0.44378
9.9395
3.00
2
June 2
.2471
18.70
0.450
2.550
1.15
15.84
—1.64
0.26255
0.45165
710.2227
3.50
3
3
.2460
18.08
0.682
2.602
1.77
16.07
0.18
0.27477
0.45979
n9.2553
1.71
4
12
.2456
22.13
0.573
2.902
1.66
18.69
1.73
0.33411
0.49945
710.2380
2.67
5
15
.2442
23.24
0.974
2.929
2.86
19.61
0.67
0.35478
0.51369
719.8261
2.25
6
22
.2431
23.79
0.366
2.834
1.04
21.96
0.75
0.40390
0.54834
719.8751
3.00
7
23
.2484
25.94
0.508
2.801
1.42
22.32
2.13
0.41096
0.55341
710.3284
3.27
8
24
.2456
24.47
0.699
—2.764
1.93
22.68
0.22
0.41795
0.55845
9.3424
2.25
11
July 30
.7455
31.45
0.451
-f 0.290
+ 0.13
28.42
2.85
0.51590
0.63146
710.4548
1.95
12
31
.7458
29.42
0.540
0.355
— 0.19
28'. 13
-1.54
0.51162
0.62819
710.1875
1.71
13
Aug. 4
.7335
25.74
0.494
0.572
— 0.28
26.88
4-0.80
0.49179
0.61311
9.9031
1.36
14
8
.7182
24.54
0.980
0.707
4- 0.71
25.48
4-1.76
0.46854
0.59564
0.2455
1.00
15
12
.7247
24.62
0.022
0.759
— 0.02
24.02
—0.60
0.44298
0.57671
719.7782
2.83
16
13
.7253
25.42
1.270
0.762
+ 0.97
23.66
0.67
0.43638
0.57177
719.8261
2.25
17
16
.7189
*"24.30
0.593
0.735
+ 0.44
22.60
1.20
0.41634
0.55729
710.0792
2.67
18
21
.6923
21.98
0.024
0.600
— 0.01
20.91
—1.08
0.38265
0.53320
710.0334
2.44
19
21
.7144
20.43'
0.312
0.600
— 0.19
20.91
4-0.26
0.38249
0.53309
9.4150
3.50
20
22
.7073
21.18
0.331
0.561
+ 0.19
20.59
—0.37
0.3:579
0.52836
719.5682
1.36
21
23
.7146
21.65
0.348
0.516
- 0.18
20.26
1.60
0.36901
0.52361
wO.2041
1.95
22
28
.7164
20.47
0.056 .
-f 0.242
+ 0.01
18.77
1.65
0.33577
0.50058
710.2175
2.44
23
Sept. 1
.7104
19.12
0.605
—0.037
— 0.02
17.69
1.41
0.31002
0.48313
7i0. 1492
2.25
24
2
.7044
19.20
0.896
0.113
— 0.10
17.43
1.80
0.30373
0.47892
710.2553
2.67
25
3
.7052
18.16
0.664
0.191
+ 0.13
17.18
0.90
0.29746
0.47474
719.9542
3.00
26
6
.7010
17.16
0.S92
0.441
0.17
16.47
0.55
0.27905
0.46259
719.7404
3.00
27
7
.6962
17.90
0.529
0.529
+ 0.28
16.25
1.41
0.27305
0.45857
7i0,1492
2.67
28
8
.6982
16.78
0.409
0.617
— 0.25
16.03
—0.97
0.26705
0.45476
7i9.9868
4.00
FORMATION OF ADDITIONAL EQUATIONS OF CONDITION.
VENUS II.
Equatorial^ Santiago,
(rROM DIUECT MEASUKEMENT OF DIAMETERS.)
N°.
Date.
Wash. M.T.
Obs'd r.
No. Obs.
^0.
n.
log. e.
log. S,
log, n.
p.
1852.— July 10
.2148
//
28.86
6
23,31
II
— 0.56
0.51428
0.63022
719.7443
3.28
12
31
.7562
29.26
5
28.13
1.14
0.51158
0.62816
710.0550
3.00
13
Aug. 4
.7510
28.42
6
26.87
1.56
0.49170
0.61S04
710.1917
3.28
15
12
.7460
25.05
6
24.01
1.05
0.44284
0.57660
710.0191
3.28
16
13
.7420
25.32
6
23.65
1.67
0.43627
0.57179
710,2227
3.28
17
16
.7400
22.94
6
22.59
0.35
0.41620
0.55719
«9.5441
3.28
18
21
- .7395
21.91
6
20.89
1.02
0.38233
0.53297
n0.0107
3,28
23
Sept. 1
.7290
18.20
6
17.68
— 0.52
0.30990
0.48305
719.7202
3.28
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EQUATIONS OF CONDITION.
ccxliii
FORMATION OF EQUATIONS OF CONDITION.
VENUS II.
Meridian , Santiago .
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
Date.
1852.— May 30
31
June 2
3
12
13
22
23
24
30
July 1
5
9
10
13
<1S)
26
29
SO
31
Aug. 4
5
10
12
13
14
16
21
22
23
28
31
Sept. 1
2
3
6
7
N.
S.
N.
S.
N.
S.
IV.
N.
S.'
N.
N.
N.
N.
N.
N.
N.
N.
N.
N.
N.
N.
N.
N.
N.
N.
N.
N.
N.
N.
N,
N.
N.
N.
N.
N.
N.
N.
N.
N.
N.
N.
N.
N.
N.
log.&.
710.36066
nO. 35109
nO. 33131
wO.32107
nO. 21614
nO. 20275
nO. 05908
nO. 03974
nO. 01951
n9. 92761
«9. 90124
n9.873n
n9. 84316
w9, 69684
?i9. 65151
n9. 69980
w9. 54173
n9. 47467
718.39535
«8. 99525
9.17516
9.77651
9.87338
9.90141
9.92773
0.01952
0.03973
0.05905 '
0.07755
0.09528
0.12874
0.15980
0.17454
0.18880
0.21597
0.27735
0.28864
0.29966
0.35U90
0.37898
0.38795
0.39676
0.40548
0.43024
0.43822
0.44606
log. C.
0.32338
0.30424
0.26468
0.24420
0.03434
0.00755
9.72022
9.68154
9.64108
9.45728
9.40454
9.34840
9.28838
8.99574
8.90508
8.80166
8.68552
8.55140
8.39276
7.59456
7.95238
9.15508
9.34882
9.40488
9.45752
9.64110
9.68152
9.72016
9.75716
9.79262
9.85954
9.92166
9.95114
9.97966
0.03400
0.15676
0.17934
0.20138
O.303S6
0.33002
0.37795
0.39554
41302
0.46254
0.47850
0.49418
log. e.
«0. 24912
nO. 25522
0.26762
710.27391
0.33314
710.33997
0.40279
710.40980
0.41680
0.44429
nO. 45097 ■
0.45756
0.46401
0.48826
0.49383
0.49914
0.50422
0.50900
0.51348
0.52490
0.53617
0.52896
0.51909
0.51510
0.51078
0.49077
0.48519
0.47951
0.47238
0.46740
0.45482
0.44186
0.43527
0.42882
0.41521
0.38140
0.37466
0.36794
0.33479
0.31540
0.30904
0.30273
0.29649
0.27809
0.27206
0.26612
log. g.
0.17411
0.17928
0.18977
0.19499
0.24383
0.24942
0.30050
0.30812
0.31187
0.33418
0.33952
0.34496
0.35019
0.36989
0.37441
0.37870
0.38280
0.38666
0.39026
0.39931
0.40765
0.39844
0.38877
0.38492
0.38079
0.36182
0.35657
0.35123
0.34446
0.33986
0.32806
0.31592
0.30973
0.30349
0.29087
0.25883
0.25240
0.24595
0.21379
0.19461
0.18824
0.18189
0.17556
0.15663
0.15035
0.14410
log. S.
719.67228
719.71458
0.70716
719.81425
0.72788
?i9. 89524
0.77122
710.06491
0.78198
0.80484
710.07269
0.81672
0.82266
0.84651
0.85239
0.85813
0.86379 .
0.86933
0.87473
0.88995
0.91127
0.93570
0.94065
0.94208
0.94342
0.94841
0.94964
0.95096
C. 95157
0.95358
0.95050
0.95978
0.96157
0.96348
0.96759
0.97999
0.98285
0,98581
1.00234
1.01355
1.01748
1.02149
1.02570
1.033^3
1.04286
1.04736
log. n.
7x0.6628
710.2788
710.6812
710.7634
710.4314
7x0.5051
7x0.0414
7x0.6721
7x0.2553
9.6990
7x0.7782
7x0.1139
7x9.8451
0.1461
0.5051
0.4314
0.8195
0.8976
0.4314
0.3979
0.7243
0.7559
0.9294
1.0492
0.6335
0.8633
0.7853
0.8592
0.9770
0.8808
0.9770
0.8751
0.7482
0.8129
0.9395
0.8-29
0.7634
0.8865
0.8513
0.8062
0.8633
0.6532
0.73-34
0.8692
0.8808
0.7993
F.
+2.229
2.283
2.396
2.455
3.074
3.154
3.990
4.095
4.204
4.660
4.775
4.897
5.016
5.493
5.608
5.720
5.829
5,933
6.033
6.290
6.535
6.265
5.991
5.885
5.774
5.292
5.165
5.040
4.886
4.783 .
4.. 530
4.283
4.164
4.046
3.817
3.294
3. 193
3.104
2.677
2.450
2.380
2.311
2.245
2.058
1.998
1.942
—0.4702
—0.5183
+5.0952
—0.6520
+5.3441
—0.9891
+5.9050
—1.1612
+6.0531
+6.3803
—1. 1822
+6.5572
6.6475
7.0229
7.1185
7.2131
7.3079
7.4017
7.4944
7.7615
8.1521
8.6238
8.7226
8.7513
8.7785
8. 8799
8.9052
8.9332
8.9449
8.9863
9.0470
9.1158
9.1532
9.1935
9.2809
9.4499
9.6127
9.6783
10.0541
10.3168
10.4106
10.5074
10.6094
10.9253
11.0371
+ 11.1521
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EQUATIONS OF CONDITION.
FOEMATION OF ADDITIONAL EQUATIONS OF CONDITION.
VENUS II.
Meridian^ Santiago,
(from direct measurement of diameters.)
N°.
Date.
Wasli. M.T.
Obs'd T.
n
n.
log. e.
log. 5.
log. n.
1
1852»— May 30
.1131
II
15.15
//
15.37
II
+0.22
0.24912
0.44322
9.3424
2
31
.1126
16.06
15.59
—0.47
0.25522
0.44712
n9.6721
3
June 2
.1115
15.50
16.04
4-0.54
0.26762
0,45513
9.7324
4
3
,1109
16.89
16.28
—0.61
0.27391
0.45923
n9.7889
5
12
,1022
18.57
18.65
-fO.08
0.33314
0.49879
8.9031
6
33
.1009
18.64
18.95
0.31
0,33997
0.50347
9.4914
-
7
22
.0855
21.64
21.90
0.25
0.40279
0.54754
9,4065
8
23
.0833
21.92
22.26
0.33
0.40980
0.55258
9.5250
9
24
.0810
21.99 •
22.62
0.63
0.41680
0.55762
9.7993
10
28
.0708
21.64
24.10
2,45
0.44429
0.57767
0.3900
31
29
.0680
23.32
24,47
1.15
0.45097
0.58260
0.0607
12
30
,0651
23.60
24.85
1.25
0.45756
0.58747
0.0969
13
July 1
.0620
23.94
25.21
1.26
0.46401
0.59227
0.1021
14
5
.0488
24.57
26.67
2.09
0.48826
0.61044
0.3212
15
6
.0452
25.27
27.00
1.72
0.49383
0.61465
0.2368
16
7
.0415
25.41
27.34
3.92
0.49914
0.61868
0.2844
17
8
.0376
25.55
27.66
2.10
0.50422
0,622.54
0,3232
18
9
.0337
26.74
27.97
1.23
0.50900
0.62619
0.0899
19
10
.0297
26.69
28.26
1.57
0.51348
0.62961
0.1959
20
13
.0182
27.51
29,00
4-1.49
0.52490
0.63837
0,1732
23
29
.9420
28.62
28.62
—0.00
0.51909
0.63391
n7.6990
24
30
.9380
27.57
28.37
+0.79
0.51510
0.63085
9.9004
25
31
.9340
27.92
28.08
0.15
0.51078
0.62754
9.1903
26
Aug. 4
.9J94
26.18
26.82
0.64
0,49077
0.61234
9.8062
27
5
.9160
26.39
26.48
0.09
0.48519
0.60812
8.9542
28
6
.9128
25.97
26.13
+0.16
0.47961
0.60385
9.2041
29
7
.9096
26.25
25.77
-0.48
0.47238
0.59850
n9.6812
20
8
.9068 •
25.83
25.41
0.42
0.46740
0.59479
n9.6232
31
10
.9009
24.99
24.68
0.31
0.45482
0.58545
n9.4983
32
12
.8956
24.15
23.96
—0.19
0.44186
0.57589
W9.2900
33
33
.8931
25.20
23.60
+ 1.60
0.43527
0.57106
«0.2055
34
14
.8907
23.11
23.24
0.13
0.42862
0.56620
9.1139
35
16
.8853
22,41
22.54
+0.13
0.41521
0.55647
9.1139
36
21
.8769
21.43
20.85
—0.58
0.38140
0.53232
n9.7672
37
22
.8753
21.57
20.53
1.04
0.37466
0.52757
710.0191
38
23
.8738
21.08
20.21
0.87
0.38794
0.52285
719.9420
39
28
.8672
18.99
18.73
0.26
0.33479
0.49992
719.4150
40
31
.8641
18.29
17.91
0.38
0.31540
0.48675
719.5798
41
Sept. 1
.8632
18.43
17.65
0.78
0.30904
0.48248
719.8921
42
2
.8624
17.87
17.39
0.48
0.30273
0.47826
7i9.6e57
43
3
.8616
17.66
17.14
0.52
0.29649
0.47410
719.7202
44
6
.8595
16.68
16.49
0.19
0.27809
0.46196
719.2900
45
7
.8589
16.61
16.21
0.40
0.27206
0.45803
719.6075
46
8
.8583
16.33
15.99
—0.34
0.26612
0.45416
719.5378
13
.8555
34.80
14.96
+0.16
0.23728
0.43568
9.2041
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EQUATIONS OF CONDITION.
ccxlv
FOEMATION OF EQUATIONS OP CONDITION.
VENUS II.
Equatorial^ Washington,
(OBSERVED BOTH LIMBS.)
N°.
Date.
log. 6.
log. C.
log. g.
log. S.
log. n.
F.
s.
p.
1
1852.— May 31
710.34887
0.29980
719.95198
719.12678
710.1461 .
-f 0.802
— 0.1339
3.27
2
June 5
710.29724
0.19654
710.00369
7,9.62201
7Z0.2788
1.017
0.4188
3.43
3
9
710.25106
0.10418
710.03S69
719.78333
7^0.1461
1.201
0.6072
3.27
4
11
710.22549
0.05304
710.11251
719.92763
1.679
— 0.8465
5
Aug. 26
0.32896
0.25998
nO. 10896
0.56435
1.652
4- 3.6673
6
29
0.35848
0.31902
710.08557
0.61801
0.8692
1.483
+ 4.1496
3.59
FOEMATION OF EQUATIONS OF CONDITION.
VEIVUS II.
Equatorial^ Washington,
N°.
Date.
Wash. M.T.
Obs'd r.
2r.
IDA.
ttDA.
^0
n.
log. e.
log. S.
log. n.
p.
1
1852.— May 31
.3422
II
15.50
0.304
II
—2.439
— 0.74
It
15.65
II
—0.69
0.25664
0.44804
719.8388
3.59
2
June 5
.3474
18.05
0.077
2.698
— 0.21
16.82
1.55
0.28820
0,46861
7^0.1903
3.00
3
9
.3476
20.62
0.410
2.840
+ 1.16
17.87
1.48
0.31453
0.48617
n0.i703
3.27
4
11
.3860
21.40
0.484
-2.886
1.40
18.44
1.45
0.32827
0.49547
710.1614
3.00
5
Aug. 26
.6570
21.97
0,492
+0.364
0.18
19.36
2.52
0.34935
0.50992
7i0.40l4
2.67
6
29
.6568
20.63
0.228
-f 0.180
+ 0.04
18.51
—2.16
0.32964
0.49641
710.3345
2.67
FORMATION OF EQUATIONS OF CONDITION.
VENUS II.
3Ieridian, Greenwich,
N°.
Date.
Limb.
log. h.
log. C.
log. g.
log. S,
log. n.
F.
S,
1
1852.-May 24
S.
710.41429
0.43064
719.85546
ri9. 79050
720.62325
+ 0.514
— 0.6173
2
July 3
S.
719.77306
9.14818
710.22774
nO. 33076
710.38739
2.854
2.1417
3
5
s.
719.69256
8.98718
710.24342
710.33185
9.70757
3.068
2.1471
4
6
s.
«9. 64590
8.89386
710.25080
710.33159
710.17026
3.174
2,1458
5
7
s.
719.59363
8.789.32
wO. 25788
710.33072
719.63347
3.279
2.1415
6
8
s.
« 9. 53 11 8
8.67042
710.26462
710.32929
9.44716
3.383
2.1345
7
12
s.
719.15017
7.90240
710.28769
7Z0.31656
718.90309
3.762
2.0728
8
13
s.
718.95952
7.52110
710.29240
710.31141
0.12710
3.844
2.0484
9
16
s.
8.956J6
7.51478
710.30366
710.28294
0.13033
4.049
— 1.9184
10
22
N.
9.58979
8.78164
710.31199
9.60021
0.48001
4.207
+ 0.3983
11
Aug. 4
s.
0.01544
9.63294
710.26544
719.57623
0.72591
3.395
— 0.3769
12
12
s.
0.15685
9.91576
nO. 21215
9,79851
0.84386
2.656
+ 0.6288
13
24
s.
0.30821
0.21848
nO. 12470
0.37199
0.84572
1.776
2.3550
14
30
N.
0,36800
0.33806
710.08380
0.72416
0.77452
1.471
5.2986
15
Sept. 1
N.
0.38621
0.. 37448
nO. 07095
0.75C08
0.77305
1.386
5.6244
16
2
N.
0.39503
0.39212
710.06469
0.76263
0.79727
1.347
5.7894
17
13
N.
0.48188
0.56582
710.00449
0.88662
0.79099
1.021
+ 7.7024
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ccxlvi
EQUATIONS OF CONDITION.
FOEMATION OP EQUATIONS OF CONDITION.
VENUS II.
Meridian J Cracoiv,
(observed centeb.)
N°.
Bate.
log. 6.
log. C.
log. g.
log. S,
log. 71.
F.
s.
1
1852. -June 2
710.33385
0.26976
9.91132
0.18181
0.30103
4- 0.666
4- 1.5199
2
3
nO, 32367
0.24940
9.92102
0.17681
710.07918
0.695
1.5025
3
4
?^0. 31324
0.22854
9.93052
0.1^251
710.50515
0.726
1.4877
4
5
ri0.3G257
0.20720
9.94007
0.16891
710.80618
0.759
1.4754
5
7
7^0.28039
0.16284
9.95949
0.16S94
710.07918
0.830
1.4586
6
8
710.268 6
0.13978
9.96931
0.16265
719.60206
0.868
1.4.543
7
11
710.23233
0.06372
9.99308
0.16334
9.30103
0.996
1.4566
8
12
nO.21944
0.04094
0. 00909
0.16509
0.17609
1.043
1.4625
9
14
710.19245
0.98696
0.02922
0.17097
710.74036
1.144
1.4824
10
17
nO. 14854
9.89914
0.0595L
0.18523
0.71600
1.315
1.5319
11
18
710.13286
9.86778
0.069.59
0.19128
710.43133
1.378
1.5534
12
23
710.04469
9.69144
0.11951
0.23040
719.00000
1.734
1.6098
13
26
'n9.98l70
9.56546
0.14863
0.25859
710.23045
1.983
1.8138
14
27
7z9. 95850
9.51906
0.15811
0.25968
0.80018
2.017
1.8607
15
Aug. 17
0.22574
0.06354
0.16082
0.72108
1.13354
2.097
5 2611
16
18
0.23844
0.06894
0.15344
0.72651
0.79934
2.027
5.3274
§ lO.-WEIGHTS AND MEAN ERUOES.
It is manifest that, whatever efforts may be directed to the investigation of the relative value
of the several classes of observations, and to the relative precision of measurements made with
different instruments and by different observers, the ultimate combination of these observations
must be in a great^ degree empirical, and, if not directly, yet certainly implicitly dependent
upon the judgment and discretion of the investigator. Under no circumstances can this fact be
better illustrated than the present.
We are to endeavor to deduce a correction for the adopted parallax from the materials furnished
by observations of two different planets, the one superior, the other inferior, and each of them
during two oppositions or conjimctions. A measure of relative value for these four diverse
cases seems unattainable, and the course of this discussion is directed to the attainment, from
each of these four series, of the best independent value which they can be made to yield.
But in each planet-series the case is analogous. We have different classes of observations,
some absolute, and some relative ; different instruments, some powerful and some but mediocre ;
different stations, some favorable for comparison with the others, and some the reverse; different
climates, some offering a cloudless and transparent sky, and some seldom permitting the
planet's disc to be distinctly seen ; while the so-called observation itself is in some cases deduced
from forty or fifty single comparisons which have occupied a period of several hours, and in
others simply the result of a single pointing. To establish a unit of weight common to all,
and to determine with correctness the proportionate value of each observation, is purely
impossible.
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WEIGHTS AND MEAN ERRORS. CCxlvii
One serious difficulty is encountered on the threshold. Whatever principle we adopt for the
determination of the relative weight of an observation from the number of comparisons of which
it is composed, it is palpable that the accuracy of a position for a given epoch, deduced from
successive measurements of the position of a body in motion, is governed by a different law from
that which regulates the precision of the mean of numerous independent measurements, with
the same implements, of the position of a body at rest. The discrepancies of the several observa-
tions from their mean will be distributed according to a somewhat different law in these two
cases ; for the circumstances under which the several comparisons are made are constant in the
one and slowly varying in the other. The formation of an observation from a number of com-
parisons at different times is, in fact, the construction of a normal place; whether the intervals
between the several measurements be counted in minutes, hours, or even days. There can be
no reasonable doubt, since the investigations of Professor Teirce upon the theory of errors, that
in repeated measurements of the same quantity by the same instrument a limit is soon attained
beyond which an increase of precision by an increase of the number of measurements is either
absolutely nothing, or, at the most, inappreciable. To determine this limit is a matter of
experiment ; and it is very certain that it will not be the same for a variable and for a constant
quantity. In fact, the limit for a variable quantity may be regarded as a function of two limits,
one of which is the same as for a constant, while the other is not. Therefore our first problem
is to determine the relation between the number of comparisons of a planet's limb with a star,
and the weight which is to be assigned to the resultant determination of the distance.
The assumption of a probable error inversely proportional to the square root of the number
of observations leads, in fact, to palpable absurdity ; and if rigorously followed v/ould imply
that the mean of a very large number of coarse approximations is preferable to that of a few
delicate measurements. It may be pardonable to express, in this connection, the strong belief
that a practical adoption of some such principle for guidance seems to be exerting a highly
prejudicial influence on astronomical observations in many parts of the world ; tendino* to
profligate expenditure of an amount of labor upon the repetition and multiplication of observa-
tions, one-fourth of which, if directed to the increase of delicacy rather than the increase of
number — to quality, in short, rather than to quantity— would result in a rapid advance, not
only of theoretical and sidereal astronomy, but, through these, of all departments of the science.
No multiplication of the number of observations can afford a mean entitled to higher reliance
than the nature of the instrument permits, or than the methods, manipulations, and sensibility
of the observer are competent to attain ; and the theory of probabilities soon ceases to contribute
to the refinement of an accuracy, of which instrument and observer are incapable of taking
cognizance.
Some rule for guidance having been determined upon, we are next to fix the relative weight
of positions of the center or measures of diameter^ derived from the combination of an unequal
number of comparisons for the two limbs.
The probable error of a pointing, too, is entirely different for a planetary limb, for an
estimated center, and for a fixed star ; and finally, the great inequality in the trustworthiness
of the places adopted for the comparison-stars exerts its full influence upon the weight to be
assigned to the deduced places of the planet.
These points being disposed of^ and values of the several observations of every group being
referred to a common unit of weight, we have different groups to be combined with one another
the results of meridian observations with those of equatorial ones, and that uncomfortably
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ccxlviii
WEIGHTS AND MEAN EREORS.
embarrassing problem of relative Weight to be solved, which always arises when observations at
different places and of widely different orders of merit are to be blended. The criterion for
estimating their relative values is clearly to be supplied by the respective probable errors ; but
the attainment of these probable errors is environed with obstacles. The probable errors, as
determined by the deviation of the individual comparisons from their average, are clearly not
available for this purpose, as the first attempt renders very manifest. Cases are not unfrequent
in which the mean error, thus determined, is least for the poorest observations ; and in the
present discussion it w^as found that for one observatory the average deviation of the individual
comparisons from their mean was both less than the probable error of this mean, as derived
from the discussion of the entire series, and than its actual deviation from the truth.
Nevertheless the investigation of the first-named conventional mean error of observation is a
matter of considerable interest, and the results which it furnishes are here appended. They
were obtained by reducing the places given by the several comparisons to the corresponding
places for the time of their mean, correcting, of course, for differential refraction and differential
parallax. For the Santiago equatorial, — in which a correction to the adopted value of the
revolution of the micrometer-screw, amounting to OJ^OOB^ or to about one-half of the last unit
employed by Lieutenant Gilliss, was indicated by the solution of the fundamental equations — the
values have been corrected also for the change in this constant of reduction. On the other hand
the observations of one night, (1849, December 12,) were rejected, being evidently affected by
some abnormal source of error. The columns headed e show the mean variation of each com-
parison from the mean for each date.
Mean Errors for Comparisons of Mars at Santiago,
Date.
Number.
Ivv,
£.
Date.
Number.
Ivv,
£.
1849.— Dec. 11
32 — 2
20.32
//
± 1.604
1850.-Jan. 12
20 — 2
1,Y1
//
± 1.230
15
46 — 2
43.28
1.934
14
24—2
14.35
1.574
17
45 — 2
11.83
1.022
22
24 — 2
11.02
1.379
18
25 — 2
13.89
1.515
29
22 — 2
3.32
0.794
21
6 — 2
1.84
1.322
1852.— Jan. 24
46 — 2
42.63
J. 918
27
39 -- 2
13.50
1.177
30
50 — 2
22.58
1.337
1849.-Dec. 31
36 — 2
14.84
1.288
Feb. 2
30 — 2
3.19
0.658
1850.— Jan. 1
45 — 2
9.33
0.908
3
30 — 2
3.54
0.693
4
6
50 — 2
17 — 2
13.96
1.051
5.54
1.184
Total ....
652 -42
282.38
± 1.326
7
27 — 2
11.24 .
1.307
9
20 — 2
3.34
0.840
10
18 — 2
11.67
1.666
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WEIGHTS AND MEAN EHKOES.
ccxlix
3Iean Errors for Comparisons of Venus at Santiago.
Date.
Number,
Ivv.
S,
Bate.
Number.
Ivv.
e.
1850.— Oct. 19
22
33 — 1
45 — 1
r.
29.86
16.84
II
± 1.88
1.21
1851.-~Jan. 24
Feb. 5
8-1
40-2
r.
1.60
4.95
II
± 0.93
0.70
25
21 — 1
6.08
1.08
6
50—2
26.44
] .45
29
Nov. 1
7 — 1
22- 1
2.91
3.11
1.36
0.75
10
24 — 2
24 — 2
2.62
2.83
0.67
0.70
2
31—1
17.36
1.48
1852.-June 2
13 — 2
3.17
1.05
7
17 - 1
2.23
0.73
23
12-2
12.92
2 22
13
14
24 — 1
27 — 1
4.58
5.42
0.87
0,89
Aug. 12
16
9 — 2
8 — 2
6.45
1.05
1.87
0.82
21
1851.— Jan. 15
22 — 1
30 — 1
3.10
5.80
0.75
0.87
Sept. 3
8
Total
10 — 2
20 — 2
2.16
19.52
1.01
2.03
497 -32
181.00
± 1.216
Mean Errors for Comparisons of Mars at Washington.
Date.
Number.
Ivv,
e.
Date.
Number.
Ivv.
e.
1849.— Nov. 24
10 — 2
r.
8.01
II
± 1.54
1850.— Jan. 9
14 — 2
r.
49.57
II
±3.12
1.45
26
80-2
148.90
2.17
12
14 — 2
10,75
Dec. 6
17 — 2
17.49
1.66
14
4 — 2
2.66
1.77
11
11—2
28.42
2 73
22
21 — 2
2T.87
J, 86
12
15 — 2
19.91
1.90
29
6 — 2
19.84
3 42
17
37 — 2
28.53
1.39
1852.— Jan." 24
12 — 2
11.91
1 68
27
42 — 2
94.64
2.36
30
8 — 2
10.48
2.03
31
24 — 2
66.31
2.61
Feb. 2
16 — 2
5.65
97
1850.- Jan. 5
24 — 2
50.68
2.33
3
Total
18 — 2
7.49
1.05
373 —36
609.11
± 2.067
Mean Errors for Comparisons of Venus at Wasliingt
on.
Date.
1 Number.
1
Ivv.
e.
Date,
Number.
Ivv.
s.
1850.- Oct. 19
7 — 2
r.
4.12
II
±1.40
1851.— Jan. 15
32 — 2
r.
29.13
II
± 1.51
1.15
22
9 — 2
4.00
1.16
24
8 — 2
3.37
Nov. 1
8 — 2
4.29
1.30
1852— May 31
15 — 2
15.75
1.69
2
15 — 2
15.91
1.70 i
June 5
10 — 2
6.22
1.36
13
8 — 2
3.68
1.21 1
9
12-2
3.94
0.96
14
8 — 2
5.74
1.50 1
11
10-2
6.12
1.34
21
21 — 2
14.54
1.34 1
Aug. 26
8 — 2
13.66
2.32
1851.— Jan, 13
24-2
20 38
1.48 1
1
29
Total
8 — 2
8.40
1.82
203 —32 \
159.25
± 1.487
Z 80
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WEIGHTS AND MEAN EERORS.
Mean Errors for Comparison of 3Iars at the Cape of Good Hope,
Date.
Number.
Ivv,
e.
Date.
Number.
Ivv.
s.
1849.~Nov. 21
4 — 2
6.90
II
± 1.86
1849.— Dec. 17
10 — 2
r.
8.82
ii
± 1.05
21
4 — 2
0.62
0.56
18
10 — 2
8.80
1.05
24
4 — 2
0.86
0.66
18
10 — 2
10.98
1.17
26
6 — 2
23.5